• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.840-849
• /
• 2013

This paper presents a statistical approach to analyze electrical tree inception voltage, electrical tree breakdown voltage and tree breakdown time of unsaturated polyester resin subjected to AC voltage. The aim of this work was to show that Weibull and lognormal distribution may not be the most suitable distributions for analysis of electrical treeing data. In this paper, an investigation of statistical distributions of electrical tree inception voltage, electrical tree breakdown voltage and breakdown time data was performed on 108 leaf-like specimen samples. Revelations from the test results showed that Johnson SB distribution is the best fit for electrical tree inception voltage and tree breakdown time data while electrical tree breakdown voltage data is best suited with Wakeby distribution. The fitting step was performed by means of Anderson-Darling (AD) Goodness-of-fit test (GOF). Based on the fitting results of tree inception voltage, tree breakdown time and tree breakdown voltage data, Johnson SB and Wakeby exhibit the lowest error value respectively compared to Weibull and lognormal.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.76-82
• /
• 2020

If normality of an observed data is not a viable assumption, we can carry out normal-theory analyses by suitable transforming data. Power transformation by Box and Cox, one of the transformation methods, is derived the power which maximized the likelihood function. But it doesn't induces the closed form in mathematical analysis. In this paper, we compose some R the syntax of which is easier than other statistical packages for deriving the power with using numerical methods. Also, by using R, we show the transformed data approximately distributed the normal through Q-Q plot in univariate and bivariate cases with some examples. Finally, we present the value of a goodness-of-fit statistic(AD) and its p-value for normal distribution. In the similar procedure, this method can be extended to more than bivariate case.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.341-345
• /
• 2021

1D sand compression response to ko-loading experiences volume contraction from low to high effective stress regimes. Previous study suggested compressibility model with physically correct asymptotic void ratios at low and high stress levels and examined only for both remolded clays and natural clays. This study extends the validity of Enhanced Terzaghi model for different sand types complied from 1D compression data. The model involved with four parameters can adequately fit 1D sand compression data for a wide stress range. The low stress obtained from fitting parameters helps to identify the initial fabric conditions. In addition, strong correlation between compressibility and the void ratio at low stress facilitates determination of self-consistent fitting parameters. The computed tangent constrained modulus can capture monotonic stiffening effect induced by an increase in effective stress. The magnitude of tangent stiffness during large strain test should not be associated with small strain stiffness values. The use of a single continuous function to capture 1D stress-strain sand response to ko-loading can improve numerical efficiency and systematically quantify the yield stress instead of ad hoc methods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.373-376
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to present the proper probability distribution model based on the data obtained from surveys on domestic refrigerator food storage temperatures in home. Domestic refrigerator temperatures were determined as risk factors in foodborne disease outbreaks for microbial risk assessment (MRA). The temperature was measured by directly visiting 139 homes using a data logger from May to September of 2009. The overall mean temperature for all the refrigerators in the survey was $3.53{\pm}2.96^{\circ}C$, with 23.6% of the refrigerators measuring above $5^{\circ}C$. Probability distributions were also created using @RISK program based on the measured temperature data. Statistical ranking was determined by the goodness of fit (GOF, i.e., the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) or Anderson-Darling (AD) test) to determine the proper probability distribution model. This result showed that the LogLogistic (-10.407, 13.616, 8.6107) distribution was found to be the most appropriate for the MRA model. The results of this study might be directly used as input variables in exposure evaluation for conducting MRA.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.73.1-73.1
• /
• 2014

We investigate the influence of the galactic magnetic field (GMF) on the arrival direction (AD) of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) by searching the correlation with the large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe. The deflection angle of UHECRs from sources by the GMF is reflected in a source model by introducing the Gaussian smearing angle as a free parameter. Assuming the deflections by the GMF are mainly dependent on the galactic latitude, b, we divide the regions of sky by b and analyze the correlation between the AD of UHECRs and the LSS of the universe in each region varying the smearing angle. We find the deflection is strongly dependent on the galactic latitude by the maximum likelihood estimation. Specifically, the best-fit smearing angles are $9^{\circ}$ and $84^{\circ}$ in the high galactic latitude (HGL), $-90^{\circ}$ < b < $-60^{\circ}$, and in the low galactic latitude (LGL), $-30^{\circ}$ < b < $30^{\circ}$, respectively. The strength of GMF becomes stronger from the HGL to the LGL. From the results, we can estimate the strength of GMF in each region. In the LGL, for example, if we assume UHECRs are protons, we have the order of $100{\mu}G$ GMF, which is much stronger than the expected value of conventional GMF model. However, if the primaries are heavy nuclei, which is consistent with the observational result of mass composition analysis, the order of GMF strength is a few ${\mu}G$. More data from the future experiments make it possible to study the GMF between the source of UHECRs and Earth more accurately.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.37-57
• /
• 2018

With the spread of smart phones, interest in mobile media is on the increase as useful media recently. Mobile media is assessed as having differentiated advantages from existing media in that not only can they provide consumers with desired information anytime and anywhere but also real-time interaction is possible in them. So far, studies on mobile advertising were mostly researches analyzing satisfaction with, and acceptance of, mobile advertising based on survey, researches focusing on the factors affecting acceptance of mobile advertising messages and researches verifying the effect of mobile advertising on brand recall, advertising attitude and brand attitude through experiments. Most of the domestic mobile advertising studies related to advertisement effect and advertisement attitude have been conducted through experiments and surveys. The advertising effectiveness measure of the mobile ad used the attitude of the advertisement, purchase intention, etc. To date, there have been few studies on the effects of mobile advertising on actual advertising data to prove the characteristics of the advertising platform and to prove the relationship between the factors influencing the advertising effect and the factors. In order to explore advertising effect of mobile advertising platform currently commercialized, this study defined advertising characteristics and media characteristics from the perspective of advertiser, advertising platform and publisher and analyzed the influence of each characteristic on advertising effect. As the advertisement characteristics, we classified advertisement format classified by bar type and floating type, and advertisement material classified by image and text. We defined advertisement characteristics of advertisement platform as Hedonic and Utilitarian media characteristics. As a dependent variable, we use CTR, which is the ratio of response (click) to ad exposure. The theoretical background and the analysis of the mobile advertising business, the hypothesis that the advertisement effect is different according to the advertisement specification, the advertisement material, In the ad standard, bar ads are classified as static framing, Floating ads can be categorized as dynamic framing, and the hypothetical definition of floating advertisements, which are high-profile dynamic framing ads, is highly responsive. In advertising, images with high salience are defined to have higher ad response than text. In the media characteristics classified as practical / hedonic type, it is defined that the hedonic type media has a more relaxed tendency than the practical media, and there is a high possibility of receiving various information because there is no clear target. In addition, image material and hedonic media are defined to be highly effective in the interaction between advertisement specification and advertisement material, advertisement specifications and media characteristics, and advertisement material and media characteristics. As the result of regression analysis on each characteristic, material standard, which is a characteristic of mobile advertisement, and media characteristics separated into 'Hedonic' and 'Utilitarian' had significant influence on advertisement effect and mutual interaction effect was also confirmed. In the mobile advertising standard, the advertising effect of the floating advertisement is higher than that of the bar advertisement, Floating ads were more effective than text ads for image ads. In addition, it was confirmed that the advertising effect is higher in the practical media than the hedonic media. The research was carried out with the big data collected from the mobile advertising platform, and it was possible to grasp the advertising effect of the measure index standard which is used in the practical work which could not be grasped in the previous research. In other words, the study was conducted using the CTR, which is a measure of the effectiveness of the advertisement used in the online advertisement and the mobile advertisement, which are not dependent on the attitude of the ad, the attitude of the brand, and the purchase intention. This study suggests that CTR is used as a dependent variable of advertising effect based on actual data of mobile ad platform accumulated over a long period of time. The results of this study is expected to contribute to establishment of optimum advertisement strategy such as creation of advertising materials and planning of media which suit advertised products at the time of mobile advertisement.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2014

Mobile phone makers compete for market shares through domination in media advertisements. These include domination of advertisements (Ads) in TV and the internet. However, the abundance and complexity of the competitions of Ads in TV does not guarantee advertising success which can influence consumers' emotion and the purchase intention towards the brand. This research analyses the case of a directional model on Attitude-towards-the-Ad model as a baseline into a new proposed correlation models (MacKenzie, Scott, &Lutz, 1989). The survey targets the involvements of Asian smartphone owners' attitude on advertisements, brands and purchase intentions. CFA (Confirmatory factor Analysis) was used in the research experiments, including hypothesis testing, the outcome of model fit which revealed significant levels and were successful. The study revealed that all three paths have consistently high coefficient paths (Attitude to Ads - Attitude to Brands - Purchase Intention), showing significant value of (${\beta}$=>.80), which supported each correlation factors. Therefore, this structural model, could set standards for creative managers and advertising teams to improve the brands visibility and build strong influences on attitudes in advertisements and improve purchase intentions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.1691-1698
• /
• 2000

An in situ digestion trial (Experiment 1) and a lactation trial (Experiment 2) were conducted to determine the effects of replacing corn and wheat bran with soyhulls (SH) in lactating dairy cow diets on the extent and kinetics of digestion of DM and NDF, and lactation performance. In experiment 1, five mixed feeds consisting of mixed concentrate and roughages (50:50 on a DM basis) were formulated on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic bases to produce five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of SH replacement for corn and wheat bran. SH had high in situ digestion (92 and 89% for potentially digestible DM and NDF) and fairly fast digestion rate (7.2 and 6.3 %/h for DM and NDF). Increasing level of SH replacement resulted in increased NDF digestibility (linear, p=0.001-0.04) and similar DM digestibility (beyond 12 h incubation, p=0.10-0.41). As level of SH replacement increased, percentage of slowly digestible fraction (b) of DM increased (linear, p=0.03), percentage of rapidly digestible fraction (a) of DM tended to decrease (linear, p=0.14), and DM digestion lag time tended to be longer (linear, p=0.13). Percentage of potentially digestible fraction (a+b) and digestion rate (c) of slowly digestible fraction of dietary DM remained unaltered (p=0.36-0.90) with increasing SH in the diet. Increasing level of SH for replacing corn and wheat bran in the diet resulted in increases in percentages of b (quadratic, p<0.001), a (linear, p=0.08), a+b (quadratic, p=0.001) and a tendency to increase in c for NDF (linear, p<0.19). It was also observed that there was a satisfactory fit of a non-linear regression model to NDF digestion data ($R^2=0.986-0.998$), but a relatively poor fit of the model to DM digestion data ($R^2=0.915-0.968$). In experiment 2, 42 lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. SH replaced corn and wheat bran in mixed concentrates at 0, 25, and 50%, respectively. These mixed concentrates were mixed with roughages and fed ad libitum as complete diets. Replacing corn and wheat bran with SH at 0, 25 and 50% levels did not influence (p=0.56-0.95) DM intakes (18.4, 18.6, and 18.5 kg/d), milk yields (27.7, 28.4 and 27.6 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected-milk (FCM) yields (26.2, 27.6, and 27.3 kg/d) and percentages of milk protein (3.12, 3.17 and 3.18%), milk lactose (4.69, 4.76 and 4.68%) and SNF (8.50, 8.64, and 8.54%). On the other hand, milk fat percentges linearly increased (3.63, 3.85 and 3.90% for SH replacement rates of 0, 25 and 50% in the diet, p=0.08), while feed costs per kg FCM production were reduced.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.12-31
• /
• 1997

This is a study on the changes of the ancient underclothes. Underclothing includes all such articles, worn by either sex, as were completely or mainly concealed from the spectator by the external costume. Functions of underclothes are follow ; to protect the body from cold, to support the shape of the costume, to cleanliness, to erotic use of underclothes and as a method of class distinction. Linen is the oldest as materials and cotton came into general use after the Restoration of 1660. We must suppose that woolen petticoat was at least as old as the Middle Ages and silk was rarely used until late in Victorian times. Until the middle of the last century underclothes were necessarily hand-made, and the absence of fit was noticeable until the introduction of man\`s drawers, fitting the leg, at the close of the eighteen century. Strings and ribbons were the fastenings for underclothes until the middle of the seventeenth century, when they were replaced by buttons. One outstanding example of the first type of figures is a Babylonian girl of about 3000 BC from Sumeria who wears that today would immediately be described as briefs. Female statues show no trace of anything being worn under the chiton, but there is literary evidenced that the Greeks. A band of linen of kid was bound round the waist and lower torso to shape and control it. It was known as the Zone or girdle. The apodesmos, meaning a band, breast band, occurs in a fragment of Aristophanes. A Roman mosaic shows female athletes wearing a bikini-briefs and bra in the fourth century AD. A similar band, called the mastodeton, or breast band, was also worn round the bust, apparently to flatten or minimise it, as in the 1920s, and not, to stress its curves. In Rome, too, women sometimes wore bands of material round the hips and bust-a cestus or girdle is referred to by the poet Martial and seems to have been similar to the zone, but wider, and the strophium, or breast band, is mentioned by Cicero.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2014

This study has recently been issued to businesses and consumers who examined the effects of cross-advertising model. Experimental design, the model type (2) ${\times}$ sexuality products (2) ${\times}$ advertising message appeal form (2) is a factorial design. The results are as follows. First, the advertising model, based on the type of cognitive response to advertising than the general model of cross-recall index was higher model. Second, the product of gender identity in response to what the advertising product for women than men was higher index of product recalls. Third, the ad attention model ANOVA results for each type of message, the main effect of appeal type was identified. In addition, the type and model of sexual identity, and message appeal type in the type of model interaction effects were found. Finally, the model-product analysis of goodness of fit, the model type and sexual identity and appeal type messages of main effect were identified. The result is more efficient advertising effect model strategies for promoting meaningful results, it is meant to be confirmed.