• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.96-96
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• 2003

Acyl-CoA synthetase 4는 생쥐에 있어서 거의 모든 조직에서 발현하며 아라키돈산에 특이적인 효소이다. 아라키돈산은 세포막의 인지질로부터 cPLA2에 의하여 유리되고 cyclooxygenase-1, -2에 의하여 eicosanoid로 변환된다. 이렇게 생산된 prostaglandin과 같은 eicosanoid는 배란, 수정, 임신에 있어서 중요한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 세포막으로부터 유리된 아라키돈산은 acyl-CoA synthetase 4에 의하여 다시 세포막으로 재에스테르화되어 eicosaniod의 생산을 조절하는 것으로 생각되어지고 있다. 또한 acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자 한쪽이 knock-out된 heterozygote mouse에서는 사산, 유산과 난소에 있어서 황체 수의 증가 등을 보고하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 정상 생쥐 (C57BL/6) 임신 기간 중 acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자의 발현을 확인하기 위하여 자궁, 난소, 태아에서 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. 또한 cPLA2, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 유전자의 발현 양상을 분석하여 eicosanoid 생산에 관여하는 유전자 상호간의 발현 을 확인하였다. acyl-CoA synthetase 4는 임신 0 day에서부터 19.5 day까지 자궁과 난소에서 모두 발현하고 있었다. 또한 5.5 day에서부터 19.5 day까지의 태아에서도 그 발현이 확인되었다. 그리고 cPLA2와 cyclooxygenase-1은 acyl-CoA synthetase 4와 유사한 양상을 보였으나 cyclooxygenase-2는 임신기간 중의 자궁, 난소, 태아에서 전혀 발현하지 않았다. 그러므로 임신 중 생쥐 자궁, 난소, 태아에 있어서 eicosanoid 생산에는 cPLA2, cyclooxygenase-1, acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자가 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.332-336
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• 2000

Phenazine 1-carboxylic acid (PCA) is an antifungal antibiotic isolated from a culture filtrate of Bacillus sp. B-6 producing an acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor. This antibiotic is reported as an inhibitor of an acyl CoA synthetase from Pseudomonas sp.. Bacillus sp. B-6 was resistant to PCA up to 350 ${\mu}g/ml$. We investigated the mechanism of the resistance of Bacillus sp. B-6 to PCA. The rate of growth in a medium containing up to 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ was as rapid as the PCA-free medium. At a PCA concentration of 300 ${\mu}g/ml$, the growth rate was more than half that of the control. In this work, we purified acyl CoA synthetase from Bacillus sp. B-6 and found that this acyl CoA synthetase was much less sensitive to PCA than the acyl CoA synthetase from other source. These findings suggested that the insensitivity of Bacillus sp. B-6 acyl CoA synthetase plays an important role in the PCA resistance of this bacterium.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.713-719
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• 1996

Identification of soil microorganism strain B-6. a producer of acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor, based on its morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomical charact eristics was performed. The strain B-6 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Ihe acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor produced by this strain was highly achieved in fermentation medium that contained glucose 1.0%, soluble starch 1.0%, NH$_4$Cl 0.3%, oatmeal 1.0%, pharmamedia 1.0%, basic magnesium carbonate 0.5%. pH 7.5 at 30$^{\circ}$C for 7 days. The optimal pH and temperature for growth were 9.0 and 30$^{\circ}$C, respectively. Butanol extract of culture filterate of strain B-6 in acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor production medium containing corn steep liquor exhibited high acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor activity and antimicrobial activity against C. albicans. But chloroform extract of culture filterate of strain B-6 in medium containing NH$_4$Cl, ($NH_4)_2SO_4$ or urea instead of corn steep liquor exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against C. albicans than that of butanol extract.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

본 연구는 생쥐 자궁에 있어서 아라키돈산으로부터 prostaglandin의 생성에 관여하는 것으로 추측되는 acyl-CoA sytnhetase 4 유전자의 임신단계별 발현을 확인하고자 실시하였다. Acyl-CoA sytnhetase 4 유전자는 착상 전에는 발현이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 착상 후에는 감소하였다. 이러한 발현의 양상은 세포막의 인질로부터 아라키돈산을 유리시키는 cPLA2의 발현과 유리된 아라키돈산으로부터 prostaglandin의 생성에 관여하는 COX1과 COX2의 발현 양상과 일치하였다. 이러한 결과는 세포막에서 유리된 아라키돈산이 무한적으로 COX1과 COX2에 의하여 prostaglandin의 생성에 이용되는 것이 아니라 acyl-CoA sytnhetase 4에 의하여 세포막의 인지질로 되돌려져 prostaglandin의 생성을 조절하는 기능을 세포가 수행하고 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.339-341
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• 2000

In mammals, fatty acid utilization is initiated by activation of fatty acid, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase(ACS, EC6.2.1.3). This enzyme reaction is essential in fatty acid metabolism, since mammalian fatty acid synthetase contains a specific thioesterase to produce fatty acid as th $\varepsilon$ final reaction product. Acyl-CoA, the product of ACS, is utilized in various metabolic pathways including membrane biogenesis, energy production and fat deposition. (omitted)

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2011

Acyl-CoA synthetase 4(ACSL4) is an arachidonate-preferring enzyme abundant in steroidogenic tissues and postulated to modulate eicosanoid production. The human and mouse ACSL4 gene are mapped on chromosome X. The female mice heterozygous for ACSL4 deficiency became pregnant less frequent1y and produced small litters, with 40% of embryos surviving gestation. In this study, we examined the regulation of ACS4 by estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone (P4) in the human endometrial cancer cell line HTB-1B. ACSL4 mRNA was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Also, expression of ACSL4 gene was up-regulated in a time-dependent manner in HTB-1B cells. However, combined treatment with progesterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ modestly decreased the levels of ACS4L mRNA as compared with the estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone respectively. Overall, these results suggest that the ACSL4 gene is regulated by progesterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in the HTB-1B cells.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2000년도 국제심포지움
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• pp.3-4
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• 2000

The synthesis of acyl-CoA catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS, EC 6.2.1.3) from fatty acid, ATP, and CoA is a crucial reaction in mammalian fatty acid metabolism. In arachidonate metabolism, acyl-CoA synthetase(ACS) plays a key role in the esterification of free arachidonate into membrane phospholipids. Following its release by the action of calcium dependent phospholipase, free arachidonate is believed to be rapidly converted to arachidonoyl-CoA and reesterified into phospholipids in order to prevent excessive synthesis of eicosanoids. In previous studies, we have characterized five ACSs (designated as ACS1-5) with different tissue distribution. ACS1, ACS2, and ACS5 are similar in structure and fatty acid preference, and completely different from ACS3 and ACS4. The latter are arachidonate-preferring enzymes closely related in structure but expressed in different tissues: ACS3 mRNA is highly expressed in the brain and the mRNA for ACS4 is expressed in steroidogenic tissues including adrenal gland, ovary, and testis. To learn more about the potential function of ACS4 in arachidonate metabolism, we have produced knock-out mice for ACS4 gene. ACS4+/- females become pregnant less frequently and produce small litters with extremely low transmission of the disrupted alleles. Striking morphological changes including extremely enlarged uterine filled with numerous proliferative cysts of various size were detected in ACS4+/- females. Furthermore, marked accumulation of prostaglandins were seen in the uterus of heterozygous females. These results indicate that ACS4 is critical for the uterine arachidonate metabolism and heterozygous disruption of its gene lead to impaired pregnancy.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.225-225
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• 2004

Acyl-CoA synthetase 4(ACS4) is an arachidonate-preferring enzyme aboundant in steroidogenic tissues and postulated to modulate eicosanoid production. Most of arachidonate present in cells is esterified predominantly in phospholipids. After its release by the action of calcium-dependent phospholipases, arachidonate can be converted to prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrenes via the cyclooxygenas and lipoxygenase pathways, respectively, depending on the cell type.(omitted)

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.96-96
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• 2003

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.376-381
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 흰쥐 간장에 있어서 아실-CoA 합성효소 4의 세포내 소기관의 존재 여부를 확인함과 동시에 fasting, high fat diet, fat-free high sucrose diet, 퍼옥시솜 증식 인자인 DEHP [Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate]를 급여한 흰쥐 간장에 있어서 ACS4의 발현에 대하여 조사하였다. ACS4는 ACSI과 마찬가지로 흰쥐 간장의 마이크로솜, 미토콘드리아와 퍼옥시솜에 존재하는 것으로 생각되며 미토콘드리아에서 가장 많은 단백질이 검출되었다. ACS4 mRNA는 절식하였을 때와 high fat diet, fat-free high sucrose diet을 급여하였을 때는 대조군에 비하여 2.3배 발현이 증가하였으며 DEHP을 급여하였을 때는 3.9배 mRNA의 증가를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 보면 간장에 있어서 ACS4는 기본적인 $\beta$-산화뿐만 아니라 호르몬에 의한 조절과 간접적으로는 인슐린에 의한 조절도 받는 것으로 생각되며 다양한 기능을 수행하고 있음을 추측할 수 있다.