• 한국안광학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2005

렌즈 세척제인 ReNu$^{TM}$의 안자극테스트를 한국식품의약품안전청의 고시에 따라서 Draize방법(1959)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 부가해서 검사 항목의 잠재성 독성테스트를 위해서 염증세포와 비염증세포의 비율에서 역시 눈 분비물에 대한 세포도말표본사용으로 관찰하였다. 검사에서 각막, 홍채, 망막, 그리고 공막에 대한 조직학적 변화들은 역시 모든 실험동물에서 관찰되었다. 각막과 결막의 약간 자극성은 벼비척그룹에서 점안후 1, 2, 3일에서 관찰되었다. 이러한 지점에서의 안점막자극지수(MIOI)는 각각 4.17, 3.00, 1.33으로 확인되었다. 세척군에서 각막과 결막의 약간의 자극은 각각 0.67과 1.33으로서 MIOI로서 점안후 1일과 2일에서 관찰되었다. 따라서 ReNu$^{TM}$은 비자극성 물질로 생각된다. 왜냐하면 MIOI는 세척군과 비세척군 모두에서 전체 실험기간을 통해서 5.00이하로 관찰되었다. 급성안자극계수(IAOI)는 역시 4.17로서 확인되었다(점안후 일일). 일부의 예외들은 비세척군의 점안후 1일에서 분비물에서 염증세포 비율의 경향이 증가되었다. 그러나 유의성은 없었다. 한편 안분비물의 도말세포관찰에서 의미있는 변화들은 본 연구에서 관찰되었다. 부가해서 각막, 홍채, 공막 위에서 비정상조직 변화는 역시 비처리된 대군군 눈과 비교해서 ReNu$^{TM}$, 점안군에서는 탐지되지 않았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7315-7319
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• 2015

Objectives: The study analyzed and compared the long term outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative and postoperative concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 105 patients with stage T3-T4 or regional lymph node positive adenocarcinoma of rectum treated with preoperative or postoperative CCRT at Ramathibodi Hospital during 2005 to 2010 was performed. The results of treatment were reported with 5-year overall survival (OS), 5-year locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS), and toxicity according to preoperative versus postoperative concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) groups. Results: Among 105 patients, 34 (32%) were treated with preoperative CCRT and 71 (68%) with postoperative CCRT. At the median follow-up time of 50.5 months (range 2-114 months), five-year OS and LRFS of all patients were 87% and 91.6%, respectively. The study found no difference in 5-year OS (81.7% vs 89.2 %) or LRFS (83.4% vs 95.1%) between preoperative versus postoperative CCRT. Seven cases of loco-regional recurrence were diagnosed, 4 (11.8%) after preoperative CCRT and 3 (4.2%) after postoperative CCRT. The recurrent sites were anastomosis in all patients. There was no significant factor associated with outcome after univariate and multivariate testing. Grade 3 or 4 acute and late complications were low in both preoperative and postoperative CCRT groups. Conclusions: Locally advanced rectum cancer patients experience good results with surgery and adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2020

Objectives: In this study, we analyzed the current state of delivery containers and packages and established handling guidelines to safely transport delivery containers and packages for use in research, testing, and examination reagents. Methods: Handling guidelines were revised in such categories as maintenance of the handling facilities, storage, loading and unloading, containers and packages, transportation, etc. In addition, we analyzed the current state of domestic sales for hazardous chemicals used for research, testing, and examination reagents, and investigated the handling guidelines related to delivery transportation in the USA, EU, and Japan by chemical property. Results: There are 6,160 companies selling hazardous chemicals. Among them, the 476 companies selling reagents for use in research, testing, and examination were investigated. Total amounts handled reached 425,000 tons, contributing to 0.2% of the total. For delivery transportation, internal containers and packaging was specified for chemical properties as follows: within 1 L for flammable gas, within 5 L for flammable liquid, and within 18 L for others. In addition, the maximum size of the outer package was set within 130 cm for total length, width, and height, and no dimension of the packaging could exceed 60 cm. Sixty-four hazardous chemicals with explosiveness or acute inhalation toxicity were prohibited for delivery transportation. Conclusion: Specified handling guidelines for inner and outer containers as well as packaging were regulated for delivery transportation of hazardous chemicals used for reagents. In addition, 64 hazardous chemicals were prohibited for delivery transportation. These are designed to prevent transportation accidents involving hazardous chemicals for reagents and thus protect the safety and health of transporters who handle hazardous chemicals.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.885-891
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• 2018

급성위막성대장염(Pseudomembranous colitis)은 C. difficile 세균이 분비하는 톡신A에 의해 유발되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 톡신A에 의한 점막 상피세포의 장벽기능 감소가 발병 원인으로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 의하면 톡신 A는 대장상피세포 속 HDAC-6의 활성을 높여 튜블린의 탈아세틸화를 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 튜블린 단백질의 탈아세틸화는 미세소관 불 형성을 초래하여 점막 상피세포의 극단적인 세포 형태 변형을 야기하게 되며 결국 상피세포의 고유기능인 장벽 기능이 파괴된다고 알려져 있다. 최근 연구자 등은 potassium acetate가 톡신A에 의한 튜블린 탈아세틸화와 미세소관 불 형성을 회복시켜 장염을 유의하게 억제함을 보고하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 아세틸기를 포함하는 또 다른 간단한 화학구조의 초산을 적용하여 톡신A의 세포독성을 억제하는지 확인해보고자 하였다. 인간 대장상피세포에서 초산 자극은 튜블린 단백질의 아세틸화를 유의하게 증가시켰다. 또한 초산은 대장상피세포 속 미세소관 형성과정도 강하게 촉진시킴을 확인하였다. 초산은 톡신A에 의한 튜블린 탈아세틸화와 미세소관 불 형성 그리고 세포독성 모두를 유의하게 회복시켰다. 이상의 결과는 초산에 의한 미세소관 형성 촉진이 톡신A에 의해 초래되는 세포골격계 파괴와 그로 인한 세포독성을 억제할 수 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 초산이 톡신A의 작용을 차단하여 위막성대장염 증상을 완화시킬 수 있는 치료제로서 개발 가치가 있음을 보여준다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine failure patterns and survival outcomes of T4N0-1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five patients with T4N0-1 NSCLC who received definitive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy from May 2003 to October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The standard radiotherapy scheme was 66 Gy in 30 fractions. The main concurrent chemotherapy regimen was $50mg/m^2$ weekly paclitaxel combined with $20mg/m^2$ cisplatin or AUC 2 carboplatin. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were failure patterns and toxicities. Results: The median age was 64 years (range, 34 to 90 years). Eighty-eight percent of patients (n = 84) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, and 42% (n = 40) experienced pretreatment weight loss. Sixty percent of patients (n = 57) had no metastatic regional lymph nodes. The median radiation dose was EQD2 67.1 Gy (range, 56.9 to 83.3 Gy). Seventy-one patients (75%) were treated with concurrent chemotherapy; of these, 13 were also administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 21 months (range, 1 to 102 months), 3-year OS was 44%. The 3-year cumulative incidences of local recurrence and distant recurrence were 48.8% and 36.3%, respectively. Pretreatment weight loss and combined chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. Acute esophagitis over grade 3 occurred in three patients and grade 3 chronic esophagitis occurred in one patient. There was no grade 3-4 radiation pneumonitis. Conclusion: Definitive radiotherapy for T4N0-1 NSCLC results in favorable survival with acceptable toxicity rates. Local recurrence is the major recurrence pattern. Intensity modulated radiotherapy and radio-sensitizing agents would be needed to improve local tumor control.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2013

벌나무의 에탄올 및 열수 추출물을 각각 제조하여 추출물별 항산화 활성을 비교하고, in vitro 및 in vivo에서의 알코올 분해능을 검토하였다. 벌나무 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 $171.93{\pm}2.2{\mu}g/mg$, $152.69{\pm}1.25{\mu}g/mg$, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $7.51{\pm}1.34{\mu}g/mg$, $5.01{\pm}0.83{\mu}g/mg$이었고, FRAP값은 각각 $1.75{\pm}0.32{\mu}M/{\mu}g$, $1.67{\pm}0.28{\mu}M/{\mu}g$으로 나타났다. 벌나무 열수 및 에탄올 추출물은 DPPH 및 ABTS에 대해 높은 소거활성을 보였고, 지질과산화 억제활성이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 벌나무 열수추출물은 HepG2 세포에서 알코올에 대한 in vitro에서의 간세포 보호 효과가 있었고, 또한 알코올을 투여한 rat에서 벌나무 추출물을 투여하면 알코올 투여 30분이 경과한 후 알코올 투여군보다 혈중 알코올 함량이 유의적으로 저하되었다. 따라서 벌나무 추출물은 높은 항산화 작용을 하며, 알코올 분해 작용 및 알코올에 대한 간 보호 효과가 높은 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2017

Objectives: Selaginella bryopteris L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prevention and cure of several disorders and for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal disease, constipation, colitis, urinary tract infections, fever, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, beri-beri and cancer. It is also used as a strength tonic. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of topically administered aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic fractions ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) of Selaginella bryopteris. Methods: An acute oral toxicity study of Selaginella bryopteris at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) was performed. Aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic extracts ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) applied topically for 5 days were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against 12-tetra-O-decanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)- induced inflammation by using the redness in the ear, the ear's weight (edema), oxidative stress parameters, such as lipid-peroxide (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in inflammation, such as tumour necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Indomethacine ($0.5mg/20{\mu}L$) was used for the positive control. Results: Selaginella bryopteris produced no mortalities when administered orally at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg bw. Topical treatment with the non-polar methanolic fraction ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) significantly suppressed redness ($2.4{\pm}0.5$) and edema ($30.4{\pm}1$) and effectively reduced the LPO level ($32.3{\pm}3.3$). The NO level was ($8.07{\pm}0.55$), and the $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 levels were decreased to $69.6{\pm}15.5$, $7.7{\pm}4.8$ and $82.6{\pm}5.9$, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of medicinal plants like Selaginella bryopteris and quantified the pharmacological interactions between them. The present study showed this herbal product to be a promising anti-inflammatory phytomedicine for the treatment of patients with inflammatory skin diseases.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to assess complications and outcomes of a new approach, that is, combining short course radiotherapy (SRT), concurrent and consolidative chemotherapies, and delayed surgery. Materials and Methods: In this single arm phase II prospective clinical trial, patients with T3-4 or N+ M0 rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Patients who received induction chemotherapy or previous pelvic radiotherapy were excluded. Study protocol consisted of three-dimensional conformal SRT (25 Gy in 5 fractions in 1 week) with concurrent and consolidation chemotherapies including capecitabine and oxaliplatin. Total mesorectal excision was done at least 8 weeks after the last fraction of radiotherapy. Primary outcome was complete pathologic response and secondary outcomes were treatment related complications. Results: Thirty-three patients completed the planned preoperative chemoradiation and 26 of them underwent surgery (24 low anterior resection and 2 abdominoperineal resection). Acute proctitis grades 2 and 3 were seen in 11 (33.3%) and 7 (21.2%) patients, respectively. There were no grades 3 and 4 subacute hematologic and non-hematologic (genitourinary and peripheral neuropathy) toxicities and perioperative morbidities such as anastomose leakage. Grade 2 or higher late toxicities were observed among 29.6% of the patients. Complete pathologic response was achieved in 8 (30.8%) patients who underwent surgery. The 3-year overall survival and local control rates were 65% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that SRT combined with concurrent and consolidation chemotherapies followed by delayed surgery is not only feasible and tolerable without significant toxicity but also, associated with promising complete pathologic response rates.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

In the study, we investigated the effect of Taurine-F^TM, which is a commercially available fishery nutritional supplements complex, on anti-hepatotoxicity stressed with thioacetamide (TAA) and innate immune responses in olive flounder. To investigate the change in liver toxicity, firstly, TAA (30 ppm/100 g of fish) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered 12 hr after the intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Taurine-F^TM (0.02 ml/100 g of fish)(Taurine/TAA). Secondly, Taurine-F^TM was i.m. injected 24 hr after the administration of TAA (TAA/Taurine). Finally, TAA was administered simultaneously with Taurine-F^TM (TAA+Taurine). All blood samples were collected 24 hr after injection. GOT level in group Taurine/TAA appeared similar to the control, whereas group TAA/Taurine and TAA+Taurine showed significantly increased (p<0.05) levels compared to the control. In GPT level, group Taurine/TAA and TAA/Taurine showed elevated levels compared to the control, whereas no significant difference was observed between group TAA+Taurine and the control. Serum ACH₅₀ activity was significantly (p<0.05) augmented 24 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection compared to the control group, whereas no significant increase was observed 48 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection. On the other hand, serum lysozyme activity elevated in an acute stressed condition appeared significantly down-regulated 24 and 48 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection compared to the control. In conclusion, i.m. injected Taurine-F^TM augmented flounder serum complement activity and decreased a possible handling stress resulting in reducing a serum lysozyme activity and recovering hepatotoxicity. Thus, it is assumed that i.m. injection of Taurine-F^TM mixed with antibiotics or available vaccines could be utilized as an anti-hepatotoxic recipe in fish culture industry.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

황토유황합제 제조 5주 후 녹지 않은 잔재물을 제외하고 수용성 황토유황합제만 준비하였다. 황토유황합제 제조시 가성소당를 원래 양보다 25% 감량하여 황토유황합제의 pH를 pH 1 낮추었다. 현미식초(pH 2.8)을 이용하여 황토유황합제의 pH 수준을 pH 5.0에서11.0까지 현미식초(pH 2.8)를 이용하여 pH를 1씩 조절하였다. 황토유황합제 원액의 pH는 13으로 토마토에 살포하였을 때 신초와 꽃눈에 약해를 주었다. pH가 조정된 0.05% 황토유황합제를 E. cichoracearum에 의해 흰가루병이 발생한 토마토에 7일간격으로 2회 살포하였다. pH가 조정된 황토유황합제를 1회 살포하고 7일 후 토마토의 흰가루병이 70~95% 방제되었다. 두 번째 살포 후 토마토 흰가루병이 확연하게 방제되었다. 결론적으로 pH를 조정한 황토유황합제는 토마토에 약해를 보이지 않으며, 유기농업에서 토마토 흰가루병 방제용 자재로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.