• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.893-901
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• 2014

UAS and related technology have been mainly developed for military use but, in recent years, various types of civil UAS have been using in a variety of applications. For example, there are multicopters to shoot aerial photography, pesticide spraying unmanned helicopter, and in addition there are radio control (R/C) aircraft to be used for hobbyists. UAV has spread rapidly enough that permitted experts as well as the public can use it but the related safety regulations are not properly equipped. We investigated the status of domestic and international UAS certification system and airworthiness standards. And the trends in research for the development and modification of the certification system were studied in this paper. As a result, most countries have studied to develop the related regulations and especially ICAO has tried to develop RPAS manual, standards and recommended plans and modify the related ICAO annex through the research group, ICAO UASSG. Based on the manual and SARPs, authorities, related organizations and companies have prepared to develop and modify regulations in accordance with the actual situation of each country.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.887-899
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• 2008

Recently the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, announced the “Dietary Guidelines for Korean Adults (DGKA)”, which includes ten Dietary Goals, six Dietary Guidelines, and twenty-three Action Guidelines. DGKA are developed as the revision of the 2003 Dietary Guidelines for Koreans, targeting adult population. Dietary Guidelines are developed for general purpose as well as for different age groups. They are revised periodically to accommodate changes in diet and health problems of the population. The process of developing new DGKA can be summarized as 1) selection of focus areas, 2) analysis and review of available data for each area selected, and 3) derivation of guidelines based on the analyzed data, and 4) finalizing the guidelines after open discussions among the experts and general public. Five focus areas were selected by examining the Nutrition Goals of the Health Plan 2010 of Korea, soliciting proposals from the experts in the related fields, and reviewing existing and international guidelines. Five areas selected were 1) adequate intake of nutrients and foods, 2) balance of energy intake and physical activities, 3) alcohol intake, 4) food security and nutrition service, and 5) food safety. Adequacy of nutrient and food intakes of the Korean adult population was assessed using 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Newly developed Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans were used as reference values to assess the prevalence of inadequacies and excesses in nutrient intakes. Energy balance was examined with energy intake of 2005 KNHANES survey and results of physical activity questionnaire in the survey. Alcohol intake was also examined using 2005 KNHANES results of dietary intakes as well as the results of questionnaire survey on alcohol intakes. Food security, nutrition services, and food safety were analyzed using various government data and published results on the issues. Ten Dietary Goals and six Dietary Guidelines were developed after data analysis and were subjected to reviews of experts and general public. The final DGKA are: 1) Eat a variety of foods from each food group, 2) Increase physical activity and maintain healthy weight, 3) Eat proper amount of clean foods, 4) Avoid salty foods and try to eat foods with bland taste, 5) Avoid foods with high fat contents and deep-fried foods, and 6) When you drink alcohol, limit the amount. Twenty-three action guidelines are developed in order to achieve these guidelines in actual diet and life among the population. The government is disseminating the guidelines with “337” slogan and emblem. “337” indicates everyone should practice “3” guidelines of promoting good eating practice, “3” guidelines to limit or decrease in your diet, and you should practice them for “7” days a week. The guidelines will be useful in promoting healthy food habits and good nutritional status which will result in decrease nutrition related health problems in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

The underlying principle of environmental conservation and restoration is to receive continuous services from nature. In this context, the basic objective of oil spill response and recovery activities is to allow affected residents to retain sustainability of their daily livelihood and productive environment. Hence, monitoring the status of socio-economic impact and the extent of restoration is an important parameter in the restoration effort to repair the damaged functions of environmental services with oil spill accident. However, assessment of socio-economic impact poses investigators with much difficulties in selecting the most appropriate approaches because the process often involves various stakeholders, directly and indirectly. Moreover, the analyses and interpretation of the results also pose a great challenge. The present study monitored fisheries and tourism numbers which were considered as major local socio-economic indicators of living and production environment affected by M/T Hebei Spirit oil-spill accident. This monitoring was conducted by examining the published papers and statistical reports. This was supplemented by surveying how the local residents actually felt about the damage and recovery for the first time in Korea. The results showed that the rate of the recovery was about 40~50 %, and the rate of the recovery seemed to be slowed or decreased. However, what the local residents actually felt was 2~10 points less than the literature surveys and statistical reports. These results suggested limits to using only the literature and statistical surveys for the traditional socio-economic impact assessment. The study also showed the need to include in the impact assessment process what and how the local residents actual feel about the oil spill damage and recovery process.

• Strategy21
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• s.45
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• pp.148-187
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• 2019

This paper is to analyse the necessity and development direction of the ROK's maritime security strategy white paper. To this end the paper is composed of 5 chapters titled introduction; the necessity of the ROK's maritime security strategy white paper; the ROK's actual situation in relation to maritime security strategy and cases of major advanced oceanic countries; the vision, goals, strategic tasks, and implementation system of the ROK's 'national maritime security strategy'; and conclusion. The achievement of the national marine strategic vision, such as the 'Ocean G5,' is of course possible when Korea can maintain and strengthen the maritime safety and maritime security of the people. The Sewol Ferry incident reminds us that we need a 'national maritime security strategy white paper' like the advanced marine countries. In order for the national maritime security strategy to be carried our efficiently, as in advanced oceanic countries, mere should be a dedicated department with sufficient authority and status to mobilize the cooperation of related organizations including naval-coastal cooperation. It would be good to set up a tentatively named Maritime Security Council, an organization of minister-level officials involved under the National Security Council, and an executive body composed of working-level officials from related ministries. In order to successfully carry out the national maritime security strategy for the maritime safety and maritime security of the people like the United States and the United Kingdom, we need to further strengthen our domestic cooperation and cooperation system, international cooperation, and maritime security. We have to promote the establishment and promotion of maritime security strategies by the Navy; strengthening the operational link between the Navy and the Coast Guard; strengthening the maritime surveillance capability at the national level, and promoting sharing with the private sector, etc.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.454-468
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the actual condition of the farm work environment and personal protective equipment as part of the effort to improve livestock work for the safety and health of poultry farmers and provide basic data for establishing plans to improve and develop personal protective equipment. Methods: For this purpose, a questionnaire survey on general information about stables, the poultry work environment, accidents, the wearing of work clothes and personal protective equipment, and the level of awareness related to personal protective equipment was conducted among 148 poultry farmers. Results: As a result, it was found that poultry workplace environment was exposed to such risks as fine dusts; organic dusts; poisonous gases; odorous substances; chicken excrement; contact with chickens, bacteria or viruses; and accidents related to machine operation. Thirteen percent of respondents suffered severe respiratory diseases, and the most frequently injured sites due to accidents were the hands (25.7%), knees (23.8%), arms (17.3%), and head (10.9%). The most frequent type of accident was collisions between the body and obstacles or machinery during movement (36.4%), followed by erroneous machine operation such as feeders and electric shocks (8.5%). Regarding the wearing of work clothes and personal protective equipment, 51.7% of the respondents wore worn-out clothing or everyday clothes, whereas only 32.0% wore work clothes. The percentage of farmers who wore proper protective equipment for the work environment during poultry work was 48.4%. The most frequently used type of protective equipment was boots (38.9%), followed by mask (36.7%), gloves (36.3%), appropriate work clothes (22.6%), quarantine clothes (17.6%), helmets (13.4%), and goggles (12.6%). The rate of wearing goggles was low because they were considered inconvenient and lowered work efficiency. Furthermore, they purchased everyday products available on the market for their personal protective equipment which were not appropriate for maintaining safety in an actual harmful environment and its consequent risks. As a result of the survey of the awareness level related to personal protective equipment, their levels of awareness of accidents and attitude proved to be average or higher, but the practice of wearing protective equipment and the level of knowledge and management of personal protective equipment were lower. Conclusion: This survey found that the wearing status of personal protective equipment among poultry farmers was insufficient even though they were exposed to risks. Most respondents were aware of the necessity of wearing personal protective equipment and of the potential for accidents, but they did not wear proper protective equipment. Their wearing rate was low due to a lack of knowledge about protective equipment, as well as the inconvenience of wearing it. Therefore there is a need to improve and develop specialized personal protective equipment for respiration, hands, and eyes, as well as work clothes that can protect farmers from major harmful matter that is generated in the poultry workplace. Based on the results of this investigation, we will conduct further studies on the required performance and design directions of personal protective equipment while collecting more objective data through field-oriented assessments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

This study has the object of deriving schemes for not only securing safety of chestnuts, which is the most important forest product in terms of both production and exportation, to consumers with implementing persistent production of them in harmony with the environment, but also producing environmentally friendly chestnuts that can contribute to the increase of a farm household's income through price differentiation from other chestnuts, which are grown by generally accepted ways. In order to do this, I performed an analysis of the reality and outcome from the management of farm households that produce environmentally friendly chestnuts. The result of the analysis demonstrated some problems such as poor establishment of farming skills in a beginning stage, administrative problems with weeding operations and prevention of blight, difficulty in ensuring distribution channels and high production cost. Therefore, propelling productive expansion of environmentally friendly chestnuts after resolving these problems requires many supports and ideas: establishment and diffusion of farming skill system under the cooperation of civil and government organizations, construction of environmentally friendly INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) and IPM (Integrated Pest Management), creation of production areas for improving productivity, introduction of 'Institution of Income Conservation for Environmentally-Friendly Production' that can help farmers to preserve integrity of income on their switchover to production of environmentally friendly chestnuts from generally-grown chestnuts, and finally strong and persistent promotion of environmentally friendly chestnuts towards existing farmers and consumers.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.42-48
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• 2002

The design, construction and performance test of a convenient multi-purpose irradiator is described. A multi-purpose irradiator using Cesium-137 has been developed for studies of low dose radiation effects in biology and for calibration of Thermo Luminescent dosimeter(TLD). During the operation, three rods of radioactive material which are 10cm in length revolve 180 degrees and irradiate biological samples, or TLD, and return to their shielded position, after the programmed time. A programmable Logic Controller(PLC) controls the sequence of operation, interlock, motor rotation and safety system. The rotation speed of biological samples can vary up to 20 RPM. A real time monitoring system was also incorporated to check and control the operation status of the irradiator. The capacity of the irradiation chamber was 4.5 liters. The isodose distribution at arbitrary vertical planes was measured by using film dosimetry. The dose-rate was 0.13 cGy/min in air and 0.11 cGy/min in water equivalent material in the case of Cesium-137. Range of activity was 2 Ci. The homogeneity of dose distribution in the chamber was ${\pm}$7%. The actual radiation level on the surface was within permissible levels. The irradiator had a maximum 0.35 mR/min radiation leakage on its surface.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.562-569
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• 2022

The alarm monitoring technology applied to existing operating ships manages data items such as temperature and pressure with AMS (Alarm Monitoring System) and provides an alarm to the crew should these sensing data exceed the normal level range. In addition, the maintenance of existing ships follows the Planned Maintenance System (PMS). whereby the sensing data measured from the equipment is monitored and if it surpasses the set range, maintenance is performed through an alarm, or the corresponding part is replaced in advance after being used for a certain period of time regardless of whether the target device has a malfunction or not. To secure the reliability and operational safety of ship engine operation, it is necessary to enable advanced diagnosis and prediction based on real-time condition monitoring data. To do so, comprehensive measurement of actual ship data, creation of a database, and implementation of a condition diagnosis monitoring system for condition-based predictive maintenance of auxiliary equipment and piping must take place. Furthermore, the system should enable management of auxiliary equipment and piping status information based on a responsive web, and be optimized for screen and resolution so that it can be accessed and used by various mobile devices such as smartphones as well as for viewing on a PC on board. This update cost is low, and the management method is easy. In this paper, we propose CBM (Condition Based Management) technology, for autonomous ships. This core technology is used to identify abnormal phenomena through state diagnosis and monitoring of pumps and purifiers among ship auxiliary equipment, and seawater and steam pipes among pipes. It is intended to provide performance diagnosis and failure prediction of ship auxiliary equipment and piping for convergence analysis, and to support preventive maintenance decision-making.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2012

Consumer's preference and microbial inspections on fresh raw beef were carried out to understand the actual market status in Gwanju, Korea. Over 15 questions on questionnaire by 1,111 randomly selected respondents between April and May in 2011, results showed 65.5% positive on eating fresh raw beef, 63.8% negative on good hygiene condition of fresh raw beef, and 72.5% positive on the secure of the hygiene-safety for priority program, respectively. For microbial inspections, a total of 302 samples were collected from fresh raw beef purchased from slaughterhouse (n=122), transport (n=69) and consumer (n=81) stage, from lettuce (n=30) at consumer stage. The aerobic plate count (APC), E. coli count and food borne bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus(S.) aureus and E. coli O157:H7 were tested in the samples. As results, the level of count on APC of fresh raw beef ranged $6{\times}10^1{\sim}1.8{\times}10^5CFU/g$ from slaughterhouse, $2{\times}10^2{\sim}8.3{\times}10^5CFU/g$ from transport stage and $1{\times}10^2{\sim}4{\times}10^5CFU/g$ from consumer stage. The level of count on E. coli of fresh raw beef ranged $1{\sim}9{\times}10^1CFU/g$ from slaughterhouse, $1{\sim}7{\times}10CFU/g$ from transport stage and $1{\sim}5.5{\times}10CFU/g$ from consumer stage. In total, 26 S. aureus were isolated, 10 (14.5%) from fresh raw beef at transport stage, 12 (14.8%) from fresh raw beef and 4 (13.3%) from lettuce at consumer stage. Enterotoxin of S. aureus was not detected among 26 isolates. All S. aureus isolates were typed using a DiversiLab$^{TM}$ rep-PCR system for genetic similarity test, showing over 95% of genetic relationship amon isolates.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.644-656
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• 2014

In recent years, a series of large-scale disastrous accidents have been occurred frequently both in public and private sector. Such disasters become catastrophe due to poor early response and delayed prompt rescue. Damage from catastrophe could have been drastically reduced or minimized with effective response and recovery management. The smart phone-based mobile applications have important potentials in providing solutions for the effective response and recovery management. Mobile applications can greatly improve risk communication in case of disasters by integrating process of exchange information and data on risk among risk evaluators, risk managers, and other interested parties. In this light of potentials, this study investigates the measures and management to better manage early responses and to effectively deal with domestic disaster-related of the status of public applications service, and utilization. This study examines how disaster applications can be better used and how effective information dissemination through applications could help the post-disaster management process. Based on this findings, it proposes a guideline of effective disaster-related applications by public sector for the future development of actual services and activation solutions. The results show that "User Promptness Side" and "Content Believability Side" factors found to be the two most significant factors in the disaster-related applications by public sector. Discussion and implications are discussed.