• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of active foot arch support on the muscles of lower extremity electromyographic activity during squat exercise in persons with pronated foot. Methods: The study subjects were 16 persons with pronated foot. They have no history of surgery in lower extremity and trunk and limitation of range of motion or pain when performing squat exercise. Each subject was measured the navicular drop (ND) to determine the pronated foot. And then the subjects were asked to perform three repetitions of a $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion squat in both conditions which are 1) preferred squat and 2) squat with active foot arch support. Results: Paired t-test revealed that squat with active foot arch support produced significantly greater EMG activities in abductor hallucis (p=0.00), proneus longus (p=0.03) and gluteus medius (p=0.04) than preferred squat. But the EMG activities of tibialis anterior, vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis were not showed significantly different between the both squat conditions. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that active foot arch support during squat increase the activities of lower extremity muscles which are the abductor hallucis, proneus longus and gluteus medius. Also, the abductor hallucis which is one of the planter intrinsic muscle and peroneus longus play a role in support of the foot arch and active foot arch support induced the increase of the activity of gluteus medius. Therefore active foot arch support can change the lower extremity biomechanics as well as passive foot support such as foot orthotics and taping.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1093-1110
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• 2003

Purpose. The number of elders in institutions has increased as family supporting systems have changed in Korea. The purpose of this study were to understand the life satisfaction among elders in institutions and to identify the factors influencing on life satisfaction. Methods. The instruments used were Yun(1982)'s scale modified Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale for Happiness(MUNSH) in life satisfaction, ADL and IADL in activity level, Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) in depression and Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire(NSSQ) scale in social support. Also, Perceived health status was measured by Visual Graphic Rating Scale. The subject of this study is 107 cognitively intact and ambulatory elders in 7 institutions in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. The data have been collected from May 1 to June 30, 2001. For the analysis of collected data, frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis by SPSS win(version 9.0) program. Results. Life satisfaction for the elders in institutions showed negative correlation with SDS, and positive correlation with activity level. The regression form of the stepwise multiple regression analysis to investigate the influencing factors of life satisfaction for the elders in institutions was expressed by y =90.988-0. 733x1-0.188x2-0.069x3-0.565x4 (xl: SDS x2: Social support x3: Activity level x4: Monthly pocket Money) and 57.9% of varience in life satisfaction was explained by the model. Conclusion. The factors influencing on life satisfaction among the elders in institutions were SDS, social support, activity level and monthly pocket money. According to the results of this study, depression, social support and activity level are considered the prime causal factors for life satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.355-379
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to reveal the similarity and difference by comparing the quality of life between senior citizen group and disabled people group. For this purpose, I surveyed the questionnaire composed of sociological variable of population, social support, society activity participation, activity of daily living, self-efficacy, and quality of life to 113 senior citizens and 107 disabled people and analyzed the actual proof relationship of cause and effect in between variables. I executed the analysis of structural equation model by using SPSS 14.0 and AMOS 7.0 for the analysis of data. As the result of the study, firstly, the variables highly co-related with the quality of life to both senior citizen group and disabled people group were self-efficacy and society activity participation, and the variables highly co-related with self-efficacy were the quality of life and society activity participation. Secondly, the variables which show the meaningful difference between senior citizen group and disabled people group were society activity participation and activity of daily living. Thirdly, in the senior citizen group, social support, society activity participation, and activity of daily living have meaningful effect on self-efficacy, and all variables have meaningful effect on the quality of life. However, in the disabled people group, social support did not have meaningful effect on self-efficacy, and the social support and self-efficacy did not have meaningful effect on the quality of life. Based upon these study results I discussed the meaning and implications of the study, and suggested the successive study tasks.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2007

The primary aim of this study is to examine difference in psychological well-being (PWB) and family support and explore its factors by the types of productive activity: paid labor, voluntary activity, or caregiving for their grandchildren. Three hundred females aged over 60 currently participating in productive activities were interviewed. The main results are as follow. First, PWB of volunteers is higher than any other group. Second, level of support provided by family members is highest for the group of grandchildren caregiving. Third, the variables affecting PWB for paid workers are educational level and material reward. As for the volunteers, PWB is explained by satisfaction with the given activity and instrumental support of their family members on it. PWB of grandchildren caregivers is explained by their marital status, income, material reward, emotional and instrumental support.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of perceived care-related burden and social support on life satisfaction and the moderating effect of social support from elderly spouses caring for their elderly partners with dementia. The subjects were 165 spouses aged over 60 years, caring for their elderly partners afflicted with dementia, and living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The analysis results are as follows: First, the quantified total care-related burden shouldered by the participant spouses was 3.76 points (SD = .57), which was slightly higher than the median value. In the case of social support, informal support was scored 2.65 (SD = .78), and formal support was scored 2.60 (SD = .77), which was lower than the median value. Life satisfaction earned a score of 3.11 points (SD = .78), which somewhat exceeded the median. Second, subjective health status, income level, burden from social activity, and informal support influenced life satisfaction. Put differently, the higher the subjective health status of a caring spouse, the higher the income level, the lower the social activity burden, the stronger the informal support, and the greater the life satisfaction. Third, the interaction terms of social activity burden and informal support were significant. Therefore, informal support had a moderating effect on the relationship between social activity burden and life satisfaction among the elderly with dementia. In other words, even though the caring spouses experienced a burden from social activities, the higher the frequency with which they accessed informal support, the lower the decrease in life satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the leisure and social support types which affect elderly depression. The study sample comprised 275 cases, and the analysis was performed by t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression and stepwise regression on SPSS ver. 10.0. The following three principle results were obtained: First, the types of leisure and social support differed according to domographic profiles. Second, among 6 sub-factors of leisure type, sports and viewing impressions activities contributed positively to elderly depression, as did emotional and appraisement supports among 4 sub-factors of social support. Third, stepwise regression analysis, conducted to determine the effect weights of factors of leisure types and social supports, showed that emotional support, social relationships activity, and viewing impressions activity strongly affected elderly depression in the order listed. Based of these results, the study suggested methods for developing an active leisure activities program which is necessary to minimize elderly depression.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of change in the unstable support surface location during bridge exercise on the muscle activity of erector spinae and gluteus maximus. Research design, data and methodology: 12 healthy participants aged 23.32 ±1.02 were measured muscle activities of erector spinae and gluteus maximus during bridge exercise and compared between the exercise conditions; unstable support surface located on upper back and feet during bridge exercise. Paired t-test was performed to identify whether there was a significant difference in the muscle activities between the exercise conditions. Results: As a result, even though higher levels of the averaged muscle activities of both erector spinae and gluteus maximus during exercise in unstable support surface located on feet than upper back were observed, no significant differences were found. Conclusions: The change of unstable support surface location during bridge exercise for low back pain rehabilitation would be more appropriate to be used to increase levels of tension of muscle activities and train fine motor control rather than to strengthening muscle strength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.261-261
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• 2013

The smart design of nanocatalysts can improve the catalytic activity of transition metals on reducible oxide supports, such as titania, via strong metal-support interactions. In this work, we investigatedtwo-dimensional Pt nanoparticle/titania catalytic systems under the CO oxidation reaction. Arc plasma deposition (APD) and metal impregnation techniques were employed to achieve Pt nanoparticle deposition on titania supports, which were prepared by multitarget sputtering and sol-gel techniques. APD Pt nanoparticles with an average size of 2.7 nm were deposited on sputtered and sol-gel-prepared titania films to assess the role of the titania support on the catalytic activity of Pt under CO oxidation. In order to study the nature of the dispersed metallic phase and its effect on the activity of the catalytic CO oxidation reaction, Pt nanoparticles were deposited in varying surface coverages on sputtered titania films using arc plasma deposition. Our results show an enhanced activity of Pt nanoparticles when the nanoparticle/titania interfaces are exposed. APD Pt shows superior catalytic activity under CO oxidation, as compared to impregnated Pt nanoparticles, due to the catalytically active nature of the mild surface oxidation and the active Pt metal, suggesting that APD can be used for large-scale synthesis of active metal nanocatalysts.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.207-223
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• 1993

Inpatients are mostly occupied in bed with restricted activity, nearly all patient populations are at risk for the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy due to decreased level of activity. Restriction of mobility is far greater in pediatric patients compared with adult patients since almost all the activities of daily living is performed by parents or caregivers. It could be assumed that pediatric patients are more vulnerable to skeletal muscle atrophy than adult patients, however, there have been no attempts to reduce the atrophy of developing muscle. Therefore it is important to determine the effect of exercise in developing muscle during decreased activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic weight support during hindlimb suspension on the mass and cross-sectional area of Type I and II fibers in developing soleus(Type I ) muscle. To examine the effectiveness of periodic weight support activity in maintaining mass and fiber size. the hindlimb of young female Wistar rats was suspended(HS) and half of these rats walked on a treadmill for 45min / day(15min every 4h) at 5m / min at a 15 grade(HS-WS). After 7days of hindlimb suspension, soleus wet weight was 28. 57% smaller and relative soleus weight was 28. 21% smaller in comparison with con-trol rats (p〈0.05) Soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight increased by 67.72% and 71.43% each with periodic weight support activity during hindlimb suspension (p〈0.01, p〈0.005), moreover soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight of the HS -WS rats were greater than those of the control group. No change was observed in fiber type percentage of the developing soleus muscle after 1 week of hindlimb suspension plus weight support activity. Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus muscle were 50.45% and 43.39% lower in the HS group than in the control group (p〈0.0001), type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus were 24.49% and 29.93% greater in the HS - WS group than in the HS rats (p〈0.0001), whereas Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of HS - WS group were less than those of the control group, The results suggest that periodic weight support activity can ameliorate developing soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension, even in type II fibers that would not have been expected to be recruited by this type of neuromuscular demand. Clinical experimental study is needed to deter-mine the effect of periodic weight bearing exercise on developing atrophied leg muscle based on these results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.543-552
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• 2014

A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study is performed for modeling and prediction of oral bioavailabilities of 216 diverse set of drugs. After calculation and screening of molecular descriptors, linear and nonlinear models were developed by using multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) techniques. Comparison between statistical parameters of these models indicates the suitability of SVM over other models. The root mean square errors of SVM model were 5.933 and 4.934 for training and test sets, respectively. Robustness and reliability of the developed SVM model was evaluated by performing of leave many out cross validation test, which produces the statistic of $Q^2_{SVM}=0.603$ and SPRESS = 7.902. Moreover, the chemical applicability domains of model were determined via leverage approach. The results of this study revealed the applicability of QSAR approach by using SVM in prediction of oral bioavailability of drugs.