• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.878-888
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study was getting related to the pain charactristic data of elderly. It contains past and present health status, daily living activity level, pain frequency, causes, pain area, pain intensity, pain worse causes, and pain releave causes, pain management methods. The subject were 79 elderly whose age were over 65 years old. They were lived in their home environment. Half of them were resident of middle range city at province and the others were Seoul city. The data was collected from Dec. 1st. 1995 to Jan. 30th. 1996. Interviews were held with semi-structured questionaire after pilot study by researchers. Pain measurement tool were used graphic rating scale and Abstract of Korean Pain Language Scale. To analize the subject's general characteristics, past and present health status, daily living activity level, characteristics about pain, pain management methods statistical SPSS for win frequency were employed. The findings were as follows ; 1. There were 33(41.8%) male and 46(58.2%) female Below 69 year old were 20(25.3%), 70-79 year old were 42(53.2%), over 80 year old were 17(21.5%), mean age was 74(from 65 to 89). 2. Buddhist were 24(30.4%), Christian were 29(36. 7%), the other religious status or non religians were 26 (32.9%). 3. Past good health status were 63(79.7%), not so good status were 6(7.6%). Present good health status were 19(24.1%), moderated health status were 6(7.6%), not so good status were 14(17.7%). 4. Daily living activity limitation were 39(49.4%), nonlimitation of activity were 5(6.3%). 5. Walking limitation were 3(3.8%), nonlimitation walking were 52(65,8%). 6. Insomnia was 23(29.1%), no difficult were 38(48.1%). 7. Chronic pain complaints were 64(81%), diseases causes of pain were 25(31.6%), bad health behavior causes of pain were 27(34.2%). 8. Most pain area were back 30(29.4%), leg 17(16.7%), knee 16(15.7%), arm 13(12.7%), teeth, chest and head were each 5(4.9%), loin, trunk were each 4(3.9%), the other areas were 3(3%). 9. Pain intensity was 3.49(mean) by Korean Language Scale, 6.59(mean) by graphic rating scale. Sensitive pain was 3.5(47.9%), affective pain was 3(20.8%) It was high pain level and sensitive pain. 10. Most pain worse causes moving was 35(44.3%), pain relieving causes rest was 29(36.7%), 11. Pain management method were medication 40(42.1%), physiotherapy 23(24.2%), hospital 12(12.6%), the others 7(7.4%), none 13(13.7%). The conclusion ; Present health status of eldery was not so good. Almost half of them have some diseases. Most common diseases of eldery were arthristis, respitatory and heart problems. Foully nine percent of elderly had limitation of daily living activities. Eighty one percent of eldely had chronic pain. Most of them was back pain (30%). Pain intensity was high(score over 3.5). The worsening pain causes was moving and releiving causes was rest. Pain management method were pain medication, physiotherapy. Therefore, Nursing care plan for the elderly have to focus on pain because majority of elderly have chronic high level of pain related to the arthritis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2001

This study was performed to predict the conservative treatment outcome of TMD patients by investigating the prognostic factors ; symptom duration, history of previous treatment, history of previous medication, history of trauma, disability of daily activity, severity of pain, noise, limitation of mouth opening(LOM) and maximum comfortable opening(MCO). Two hundreds and fifty-four subjects were selected for this study among the TMD patients who had visited the Dept. of Oral Medicine BNUH and been treated conservatively with medication, physical therapy, behavioral treatment, and splint therapy from 1991 to 2000. The subjects were divided into two groups improved or unimproved according to the treatment response following six months of conservative treatment. Those who showed less than 1 on NAS for pain, TMJ noise, and opening limitation belonged to the improved group and those who showed more than 2 on NAS belonged to the unimproved group. The two groups were compared with respect to symptom severity, number of diagnosis, history of trauma, previous treatment, previous medication, and disability of daily activity. A prognostic equation with the factors revealed to be significantly related to the prognosis of conservative treatment was obtained. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In improved group, mean duration of history was 12 months, mean treatment duration of a patient was 4 months an mean number of treatment was about 10 times. In other words, in unimproved group, mean duration of history was 27.4 months, mean treatment duration of patient was 10.5 months and mean number of treatment was 19 times. 2. In unimproved group, multiple diagnosis, chronicity, disability of daily activity were significantly greater than that of the improved group. 3. Patients in unimproved group revealed severe noise at first visit and smaller maximum comfortable opening comparatively. 4. Prognostic factors such as duration of treatment, number of treatment, multiplicity, and chronicity and disability of daily activity showed a significant relation in prediction of improvement. 5. Prognostic equation with significant variables is as follows ; Y = 1.984 - 0.251Noise + 0.068MCO - 0.673Multiplicity. - 0.958Chronicity - 0.065Disability. Classification accuracy of 70.3 %, sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 66.7% were shown. 6. Prognostic equation with all factors is as follows : Y = 1.599 - 0.038Pain - 0.256Noise - 0.006Limitation + 0.068MCO - 0.580Multiplicity - 1.025Chronicity - 0.720Disability - 0.329Medication - 0.087Treatment + 0.740Trauma. Classification accuracy of 70.3 %, sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 64.3% were shown. 7. Prognostic value of the improved group with significant factors was $1.0446{\pm}1.0726$ and prognostic value of the unimproved group with significant factors was $-0.013{\pm}1.0146$. Prognostic value of the improved group with all factors was $1.0465{\pm}1.0849$ and prognostic value of the unimproved group with all factors was $-0.057{\pm}1.0611$.

• 한국노년학
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.543-563
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• 2020

사람들은 노화가 진행되고 신체기능이 저하될수록 집 안에서 머무는 시간이 길어지기 때문에 주택환경의 영향을 더 많이 받게 된다. 그동안 주택환경과 건강의 관련성에 관한 연구는 다수 진행되었으나, 신체기능이 저하된 노인의 장애 발생과 우울에 미치는 주택환경의 영향을 밝히는 연구는 부족하였다. 이에 본 연구는 보행기능제한과 장애, 그로 인한 장애와 우울의 관계에 영향을 미치는 주택환경의 조절 효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 2018년 서울시 노인실태조사 자료를 활용하였으며, 주요 변수에 결측치가 있는 응답자를 제외한 총 3,027명을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다. 결과분석에는 로지스틱 회귀분석과 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 주택환경에 문제가 있다고 보고한 사람들은 그렇지 않은 사람들에 비해 보행기능제한(OR=1.487, 95% CI: 1.250 - 1.770), IADL장애(OR=1.594, 95% CI: 1.303 - 1.949)와 우울(OR=1.943, 95% CI: 1.553 - 2.430) 수준이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 주택환경은 보행기능 제한이 도구적 일상생활수행능력(IADL) 장애에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 열악한 환경에 거주하며 보행기능제한을 경험하는 노인의 IADL장애 수준이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 주택환경은 보행기능을 통제한 후에도, IADL장애가 우울에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 것으로 검증되었다. 이는 열악한 환경에 거주하는 IADL장애 노인의 우울 수준이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 높다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구결과를 기반으로 노년기 장애와 우울을 예방하고, 자신의 집에 오래 머물러 살 수 있도록 지원하기 위한 개입전략으로서 노인의 신체적, 기능적 특성을 반영한 주택환경 개선사업의 필요성과 방향성을 제시하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.422-432
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• 2009

Purpose: In this study rest-activity rhythm, sleep pattern and quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome were compared with those of a normal group. Methods: The participants in this study were 36 patients with restless legs syndrome diagnosed by a neurologist and 36 participants in the normal group. An actigraph, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scale were used as measurement tools for the study. Chi-square test, Lamda test, t-test and Kendall's correlation with SPSS 12.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: Patients with restless legs syndrome had a higher rest-activity rhythm curve of Least 5 hr's activity(L5) and Most 10 hr's activity(M10) than those of normal group and sleep problems included decreased sleep efficiency and increased sleep latency, wake time and number of awakenings. The scores for the subscales of quality of life in patients with restless legs syndrome were lower than the normal group for general health, physical functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, role limitation due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, vitality and mental health. Conclusion: The results suggest that further studies are needed to identify rest-activity rhythm according to symptom severity and to develop nursing interventions which consider rest-activity rhythm.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2002

Experiments on deactivation kinetics of immobilized lipase enzyme from Candida cyl-indracea were performed in stirred bath reactor using rice bran oil as the substrate and temperature as the deactivation parameter. The data were fitted In first order deactivation model. The effect of temperature on deactivation rate was represented by Arrhenius equation. Theoretical equations were developed based on pseudo-steady state approximation and Michaelis -Menten rate expression to predict the time course of conversion due to enzyme deactivation and apparent half-life of the immobilized enzyme activity in PFR and CSTH under constant feed rate polity for no diffusion limitation and diffusion limitation of first order. Stability of enzyme in these continuous reactors was predicted and factors affecting the stability were analyzed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

In order to utilize different nitrogen sources and to survive in a situation of nitrogen limitation, microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to adapt their metabolism to a changing nitrogen supply. In this communication, the recent knowledge of nitrogen regulation in the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum is summarized. The core adaptations of C. glutamicum to nitrogen limitation on the level of transcription are controlled by the global regulator AmtR. Further components of the signal pathway are GlnK, a $P_{II}-type$ signal transduction protein, and GlnD. Mechanisms involved in nitrogen control in C. glutamicum regulating gene expression and protein activity are repression of transcription, protein-complex formation, protein modification by adenylylation, change of intracellular localization, and proteolysis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the resistance conditions on the electromyography (EMG) activity ratio of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during partial lunge exercise in healthy subjects in order to suggest the basic data of exercise intervention for such as patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: The participants of this study were healthy twenty two people with no knee pain, limitation of motion and past history of operation at lower extremity. The participants performed three types of lunge 1) no resistance, 2) anterolateral 45° resistance and 3) lateral 90° respectively. The EMG activity of the VMO and VL were recorded by surface EMG and the measured data normalized by the %MVIC value was analyzed by repeated measured ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the VMO/VL EMG activity ratio during lunge with anterolateral 45° resistance was significantly higher than with no resistance and lateral 90° resistance (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in VMO, VL, and VMO/VL muscle activity between male and female subjects (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that partial lunge exercise with anterolateral 45° resistance can increase the VMO/VL muscle activity in healthy subjects. This result could be used as basic data to develop therapeutic exercise programs such as PFPS patients.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with unmet dental needs among adults with activity limitations. Methods: Data were obtained from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The final sample consisted of 945 adults aged 20 years or older with limited activity. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influence of predisposing, enabling, and need factors on unmet dental needs. Results: The proportion of adults with unmet dental needs during the last year was 52.2% in the middle-aged group and 45.5% in the older adult group. Higher household income was associated with fewer unmet dental needs in both groups. In the older adult group, married people were less likely to have unmet dental needs. In the middle-aged group, adults who perceived their oral health as poor were more likely to have unmet dental needs. Conclusions: All three factors (predisposing, enabling, and need) were found to be associated with unmet dental needs among adults with activity limitations. Special efforts should be made to improve access to dental care services for middle-aged adults with activity limitations.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated carabid beetles residing in the wetlands to understand their ecological adaptation and strategy selection associated with restricted resources and habitat limitation. The species richness, abundance, seasonal activity, and spatial distribution of the carabid beetles between the Mujechi Wetlands (wetland sites) and Mt. Jeongjok (mountain sites) have been compared. A total of 1,733 individual beetles from 30 species were collected and classified at the studied sites. The wetland sites were identified as having lower species richness and abundance for carabid beetles when compared with the adjacent mountain sites, whereas these beetles were observed to be dominant in the wetland sites than in the adjacent mountain sites. Calosoma inquisitor cyanescens, Carabus sternbergi sternbergi, and Carabus jankowskii jankowskii species were dominant in both the wetland and mountain sites. These species showed significantly different seasonal activity patterns in the wetland sites relative to the mountain sites. Although the three listed carabid species were observed to be widely distributed throughout the wetland sites, they still showed preference for drier sites, which clearly shows a distinction in their habitats. The results of the spatial-temporal distribution of carabid beetles in the wetland sites reflect their special strategies regarding space and time partitioning for maintaining their population. The distribution patterns of carabid beetles in the wetland sites also showed the desiccation gradient and environmental changes prevalent in wetlands. Ecological surveys, which use carabid beetles in the wetlands, can then be performed when restoring wetlands and for establishing management practices for improving the habitat quality.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-68
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to report the physical status of adult with cerebral palsy who live in local community areas including Seoul, Busan, Daegu in Republic of Korea at 2004. 202-individuals with cerebral palsy(140 male, 62 female; mean age 31.9 years; range 19 to 64 years) were surveyed. Measures included a 29-item self-reported health status measure focusing on musculoskeletal status and functional performances. Adult cerebral palsy required continuous management for musculoskeletal and ambulatory function through therapeutic approach. This survey is restricted to population who had cared in welfare center for cerebral palsy in local community, so it needs to investigate home-residual adults with cerebral palsy and the population in rural community. The results were as follows: 1. Participants reported that they had a limitation of a daily of life activity due to musculoskeletal pain($43\%$), there was significant differences between a limitation of a daily of life activity and the decreased ambulatory function(p<.05). 2. Thirty six point six percentile of participants had the decreased ADL function, it was significant related with the impaired body location(p<.05) 3. Thirty nine point one percentile of participants who can independently gait had the decreased ambulatory function, it was significant differences with the usage of ambulatory assistive devices(p<.05). 4. There was significant differences ambulatory function both the body region with impairment and a grade of disability(p<.05). 5. Sixteen point three percentile of participants could not ambulate any more, there was significant differences between a age and a point of time for non-ambulation(p<.05). 6. There was significant differences between ambulatory function and physical activity(p<.05).