• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.898-904
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• 2014

The stability of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) under acid condition was enhanced through direct evolution using the error-prone polymerase chain reaction. One beneficial mutation site, H281I, was obtained in BLA. The specific activity of H281I was 161/352 U/mg, which was 62.6/27.5% higher than that of the wild-type (WT) (99/276 U/mg) at pH 4.5/6.5 and $95^{\circ}C$. The pH optimum for H281I was decreased about 1 unit, whereas no significant changes of optimum temperature and thermostability were observed compared with the wild type (WT). The $k_{cat}/K_m$ value of H281I was 1.7-/1.4-fold higher at pH 4.5/6.5, respectively, than that of WT. The structure model analysis indicated that the H281I mutation altered the predicted interaction between the amino acid residues at 281 and 273, thus creating a conducive local environment for substrate binding, as reflected by its decreased $K_m$, and consequently increased the specific activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1750-1759
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• 2020

The characterization of cytochrome P450 CYP125A13 from Streptomyces peucetius was conducted using cholesterol as the sole substrate. The in vitro enzymatic assay utilizing putidaredoxin and putidaredoxin reductase from Pseudomonas putida revealed that CYP125A13 bound cholesterol and hydroxylated it. The calculated K_D value, catalytic conversion rates, and Km value were 56.92 ± 11.28 μM, 1.95 nmol min^-1 nmol^-1, and 11.3 ± 2.8 μM, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that carbon 27 of the cholesterol side-chain was hydroxylated, characterizing CYP125A13 as steroid C27-hydroxylase. The homology modeling and docking results also revealed the binding of cholesterol to the active site, facilitated by the hydrophobic amino acids and position of the C27-methyl group near heme. This orientation was favorable for the hydroxylation of the C27-methyl group, supporting the in vitro analysis. This was the first reported case of the hydroxylation of cholesterol at the C-27 position by Streptomyces P450. This study also established the catalytic function of CYP125A13 and provides a solid basis for further studies related to the catabolic potential of Streptomyces species.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the financial effect of 2-tiered copayment system on annual expenditure of pharmacy benefit in the National Health Insurance (NHI) of Korea, focusing on oral antidiabetic medications. Methods: 284 oral antidiabetic products with 14 different active single ingredients listed in the National Formulary of NHI (August 2009) were assigned to tier 1 or tier 2 according to the selected criteria. 10 different combinations of coinsurance rates were selected to estimate the changes in drug expenditure cost of NHI. Results: The annual drug cost was estimated based on the drug price per unit listed in the National Formulary and the used amount of products in 2009 from the IMS Health data of Korea. In the combinations of coinsurance rate of 20% for tier 1 and 40% for tier 2, the total annual drug cost was estimated to be reduced by 1.3% in the case of no change of generic and original drug consumptions, and to be reduced by 4.3% in the case of 10% increased generic drug consumptions. Conclusion: The tiered copayment system with optimal coinsurance rates appears to be a potential strategy to reduce the financial burden of NHI in Korea by promoting the use of generic products.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1239-1247
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 GaN HEMT 소자를 이용한 X-대역 반도체 전력 증폭 장치(SSPA)의 설계 및 제작에 대하여 논의한다. 반도체 전력 증폭 장치는 안정적인 전원을 공급해 주는 전원공급기, 통신과 내부 모듈을 제어하기 위한 제어부, RF 신호를 증폭하기 위한 RF부로 구성된다. 특히, RF부를 구성하는 능동 소자로 TriQuint사의 GaN HEMT Bare 소자를 이용하였다. RF부는 초단, 드라이브 단, 메인 출력 단으로 구성되어 있으며, 각 앰프는 입 출력 정합을 통하여 구현하였다. 제작된 반도체 전력 증폭 장치는 X-대역(500 MHz 대역폭)에서 duty 26 %, 최장 펄스 100 us 조건에서 300 W 이상의 출력을 얻을 수 있었으며, 향후 선박용 레이더 시스템에 적용할 예정이다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analysis of nursing interventions performed by the ICU nurses to the patients with cerebrovascular disorder practically from one university hospital in Seoul. The data were collected from 15 nurses with 86 cerebrovascular disorder cases from one ICU with the questionaire to write frequency of nursing care done by the surveyee from May, 2, 2000 to July, 3, 2000 and the list of 66 nursing interventions selected out of 433 NIC(Nursing Interventions Classification) of Iowa University which were translated into Korean (44 items) and core nursing interventions by ICU nurses (22 items; KIm, Su-Jin, 1997). The data were analysed with SPSS program. The results are as follow : 1. The most frequently used nursing interventions were vital sign monitoring, fall prevention, cerebral edema management, dysreflexia management, neurologic monitoring, cardiac care, communication enhancement, technology management, bed rest care, respiratory monitoring in rank. 2. The most frequently used nursing intervention domains were 'Physiological : Complex', 'Physiological : basic', 'Behavior', 'Safty', 'Health system' in rank. In the domain of physiological : basic, the most frequently used nursing interventions were bed rest care, urinary elimination management, tube care : urinary, physical restraints in rank. In the domain of physiological : complex, the most frequently used nursing interventions were cerebral edema management, dysreflexia management, neurologic monitoring, cardiac care in rank. In the domain of behavior, the most frequently used nursing interventions were communication enhancement, touch, active listening in rank. In the domain of safty, the most frequently used nursing interventions were vital sign monitoring, fall prevention in rank. In the domain of health system, the most frequently used nursing interventions were technology management, specimen management in rank. 3. some difference of the frequency practicing the nursing interventions according to the shift of duties was found. For example, medication administration was common at day duty, touch was practiced at evening duty, temperature regulation was performed.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Since the active enhancement of large-scale apartment development in 1970, apartment complexes in Korea have shown considerable changes throughout, with respect to its planning and design. Depending on the government legislations, and economical and social issues of its time, apartments have been designed to respond to varying demands of the society; from minimal unit design to overall masterplan. As existing researches regarding development of apartment planning are conducted in individual and distinct manner, not only is it difficult to find cases of an overall critical analysis of apartment complexes, it is also rare to look for research that deals with a greater urban context, nor the geographical location of the site. With specific focus on apartments in the metropolitan, the focus of this research lies in critically analyzing the qualities of outdoor spaces within an apartment complex, its generational change and interpreting the value it holds for the society. With regards to analyzing its outdoor features, the core of this study deals with applying space syntax, based on the configurational properties of spatial constituents. The results of this research have some implications that the accessibility change of apartment outdoor spaces was examined through quantitative analysis, and the changes of it by time were clarified in detail. And objective and quantitative approaches were employed for an alternative to the methods used in existing related researches.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2016

건설산업은 수요층의 질적 성장에 따른 건축물 설계의 다양화가 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 이러한 시도는 중 장기적으로 발생할 수 있는 하자에 대한 인식이 부족하여 오히려 건축물의 가치가 하락하는 문제를 야기하였다. 때문에 건축물의 특성과 하자에 대한 관계를 명확히 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 개념을 건축물 외부에 적용하여 건축물 입면 요소와 하자에 대한 관계를 정량화하는 기법을 제안하였다. 이는 기존에 정성적, 경험적으로 인지했던 입면 요소와 하자의 관계를 정량적으로 제시하여 명확한 관계를 파악할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 본 연구는 이를 픽셀화기법이라 지칭하였으며, 이는 건축물의 입면을 단위구획으로 구분하여 단위구획의 특성에 따른 코드를 부여함으로써 데이터화하는 기법이다. 본 연구에서 제안한 픽셀화기법을 통해 건축물 입면 요소와 하자에 대한 관계를 정량화하고, 이에 대한 능동적 대처 방안의 기틀을 구축하는데 일조하고자 한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2018

Background: Panax ginseng is one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs worldwide for a variety of therapeutic properties including neurocognitive effects. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most abundant active chemical constituents of this herb with known neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and cognition improving effects. Methods: We investigated the effects of Rg1 on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key brain region involved in cognition, information processing, working memory, and decision making. In this study, the effects of systemic administration of Rg1 (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg) on (1) spontaneous firing of the medial prefrontal cortical neurons and (2) long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortical (HP-mPFC) pathway were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: The spontaneous neuronal activity of approximately 50% the recorded pyramidal cells in the mPFC was suppressed by Rg1. In addition, Rg1 attenuated LTP in the HP-mPFC pathway. These effects were not dose-dependent. Conclusion: This report suggests that acute treatment of Rg1 impairs LTP in the HP-mPFC pathway, perhaps by suppressing the firing of a subset of mPFC neurons that may contribute to the neurocognitive effects of Rg1.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 일반기업의 IT조직에서 형성되는 의사소통 네트워크 특성을 분석함으로써 IT직원들 간의 상호 협력 네트워크 구축 및 일반기업에서 전문화된 IT조직의 운영 개선에 시사점을 주고자 하였다. K(사)社의 IT조직에 근무하는 39명의 직원을 대상으로 설문 조사와 면담 조사를 실시하였으며, 수집한 자료는 네트워크 분석법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 의사소통 영역별로 직원들 간에 강한 연결, 약한 연결 혹은 집중형 구조, 분산형 구조의 모습을 보이며 다양하게 네트워크가 형성되어 있었다. 대표적으로 IT역량관련 네트워크는 약한 연결인 성긴 네트워크를 보였다. 직장생활 관련 네트워크는 중앙 집중적이고 위계적인 특성을 보였으며, 각 네트워크의 중심에는 각 팀의 부장 및 관리자들이 차지하고 있었다. 이러한 결과의 개선 방안으로 IT역량 관련 네트워크의 활성화, 업무집중 현상 개선, IT조직의 의사소통 네트워크에 대한 연구자료의 축적을 제언으로 제시하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1979

The objectives of this study have been conducted to establish effective clinical teaching program to I.C.U in terms of proper assignment of the clients for the students, proper rotation schedule, priorities in critical nursing problems and selection of the teaching and learning. We have analyzed statistically 1,850 patients who have been admitted during a period from January 1977 to October 31 1979 in Ewha Woman's University Hospital. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion to the total inpatients number was 6.5% and mortality rate was 16.3%. 2. The average hospitalized days were 5.8 days in I.C.U and the total death was occured from 1 st hospital day to 5th hospital day. So it shows a certain difficulties for clinical experiences of the senior students in I.C.U. 3. In the age of the death, 41.3% of the patients were in the 41-60 year age group. It shows highest mortality rate in socially active and productive age groups. 4. The mortality rates of the departments of the medicine was 18.7%, general surgery 18.5%, and neurosurgery 14.7%. 5. The number of patients admitted to the department of neurosystem was 30.6%, cardiovascular system 22.6%, respiratory system 11.1 ％ and urinary system 2.9%. 6. On utilizing instruments and machine for diagnosis and client's assessment in I.C.U, they have utilized everything a usual. But they never utilize angiogram and cardiac catheterization in cardiovascular system, and retroperitoneal pneumography in the urologic system. Further more we would recommend as follows 1. In consideration of the average hospital days and the date of death, the rotation program for clincal experience need to be adjusted as continuing practice program in apposite to current alternative practice program for comprehensive nursing care. 2. Socioeconomic needs for the patient's families and himself should be emphasized by the students in addition to physical needs. 3. Course content for critical care might be built up in considering of core disease centered nursing problems. 4. The diagnostic procedures and client's assessment items which could not experience in our university hospital by the students might be considered and refilled as filled trips to another hospital and visual aids.