• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.81-88
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• 2013

Active straight-leg raise (ASLR) is a physical evaluation procedure to test lumbar spine stability. Several previous studies have reported various methods to control the activation of abdominal muscles during ASLR. We investigated the effects of three different hip positions in frontal plane on abdominal muscles to increase or decrease the difficulty level of lumbar spine stability exercise during ASLR in pain free subjects. Eleven young and healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study (6 men, 5 women; mean age=$24.0{\pm}1.2$ years, height=$160.0{\pm}7.3cm$, weight=$55.0{\pm}10.6kg$, body mass index=$21.5{\pm}2.3kg/m^2$). The subjects had three trials on each ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction, neutral hip, and hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction. Separate repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Bonferroni tests (with ${\alpha}$=.05/3=.017) were performed for each muscle among the three different hip positions in frontal plane (ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction, neutral hip, and hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction). The ipsilateral external oblique (EO), contralateral EO, ipsilateral internal oblique/transverse abdominis (IO/TrA), and contralateral IO/TrA were significantly greater in ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction compared with ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction. Also, the ipsilateral EO, contralateral EO, and ipsilateral IO/TrA were significantly greater in ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction compared with ASLR with neutral hip. These results suggest that ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction and neutral would be useful method to strengthen the EO and IO/TrA. And, ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction would be effective in early stages of lumbar stabilization program due to low activation of EO and IO/TrA during maintaining of ASLR position with low load.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity ratio of the lower limb according to changes in straight leg raise (SLR) test angles on hamstring muscle shortening during squat exercises. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects were 14 healthy adults who were informed of and agreed to the method and purpose of the study. The participants were classified into SLR groups according to two angles (over $80^{\circ}$ or under $80^{\circ}$) assessed using the SLR tests. After training and practicing the wall squat posture to be applied to the experiment, electromyography (EMG) was used to measure changes in muscle activity during the performance of a wall squat. After stretching, a sequence of pre-stretch tests were performed again, and the active and passive SLR tests were also reconducted; thereafter, a wall squat was performed again by attaching EMG electrodes. The EMG results before and after stretching were compared. Results: The muscle activity of the vastus lateralis oblique muscle increased in both groups. The muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique muscle decreased in over both group. Rectus femorus activity increased in the under 80-degree groups but decreased in the over 80-degree group. The muscle activity of the biceps femoris muscle decreased after stretching in the over 80-degree group and increased in the under 80-degree group, and the semitendinosus muscle activity after stretching was decreased. The quadriceps-to-hamstring muscle (Q:H) ratio before and after stretching between groups showed that the hamstring muscle ratio decreased after stretching in both groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the Q:H ratio before and after stretching between groups was not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify a more effective intervention in sling and resistance exercise for chronic low back pain patients. METHODS: Seventy (70) subjects were randomly divided into the sling group (SG) and resistance exercise group (REG). Muscular activity of the internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA), and pelvic rotation angle during active straight leg raise (ASLR), a pressure pain threshold (PPT) and a visual analog scale (VAS) were measured. Sling and resistance exercises were conducted for 12 weeks. Intermediate measurements were taken after 8 weeks and final measurements were taken after 12 weeks. RESULTS: Both groups showed significantly decreased RA muscle activity and significantly increased IO muscle activity (p<.05). Additionally, EO muscle activity was significantly decreased in the REG, but significantly increased in the SG (p<.05), while the pelvic rotation angle and VAS were significantly decreased in the SG (p<.05). The pressure pain threshold was significantly increased in both groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, a 12-week intervention seems to be effective at improving back pain in both groups. However, a lower VAS was seen in the sling group after 8 weeks of intervention. Therefore, it is recommended that the sling be applied first when establishing a chronic back pain treatment program to shorten the treatment period and reduce the pain period.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.92-104
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spinal mobilization with leg movement (SMWLM) and neural mobilization (NM) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) accompanied by radiating pain. Design: Three-group pre-test-post-test control group design. Methods: We enrolled 48 participants, whom we randomly assigned to three groups. The SMWLM group (n=16) underwent 20 min of conventional physical therapy (CT) and 20 min of SMWLM. The NM group (n=16) underwent 20 min of CT and 20 min of NM. The control group (n=16) underwent 20 min of CT. These interventions in all the groups were performed three times a week for 4 weeks. Numeric pain rating score (NPRS), body grid chart score (BGCS), passive straight leg raise (PSLR), active lumbar flexion range of motion (ALFROM), korean version oswestry disability index (KODI), and korean version fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (KFABQ) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: In all three groups, the NPRS, PSLR, KODI, and KFABQ scores were significantly different pre- and post-intervention (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed in BGCS and ALFROM in the SMWLM and NM groups pre- and post-intervention (p<0.05). The SMWLM group showed more improvement in the NPRS of leg pain, ALFROM, and KFABQ score than that exhibited by the NM and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Both SMWLM and NM were effective for improving back and leg pain, centralization of symptoms, mechanical sensitivity, lumbar mobility, lumbar functional disability, and psychosocial functioning in patients with LDH with radiating pain.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7439-7446
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find the risk factors of injury by FMS and to investigate the effects of 12-weeks' combined training program on body imbalance, physical fitness, muscle strength and FMS score in woman rugby players of the national team. Fourteen subjects were woman rugby national players to participate in the 17th Incheon Asian Games. These players tested FMS and performed 12 weeks' (May~Aug, 2014) combined training program (4days, 120min${\geq}$). Statistical evaluation was undertaken using paired t-test (pre vs. post). The results of this study were as follows; Frist, the score of FMS test on Deep Squat, Hurdle Step, Active Straight Leg Raise, and Trunk Stability Push up were significantly increased after 12 weeks' combined training program (p<.05), and also Inline Lunge (p<.01) and Rotary Stability (p<.001) were significantly increased. However, Shoulder Mobility was not significantly increased(p=.104) although the tendency of increased was FMS score. Second, the sum of the entire item was significantly increased after combined training(p<.001). These results suggest that 12-weeks' combined training program has effect of improving FMS score and low-injury risk in woman rugby national players. Therefore, we consider that FMS have effect on prevention of athletic injury and improvement of athletic performance in woman rugby national players.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the stability and balance of the body, mobility complex exercise group and a student group for FMS tests to compare the differences between the two groups to identify its purpose. Method : The subjects of this study FMS measuring D University Physical Therapy, a student enrolled patients (7:7), and 7 patients total of 14 patients was conducted, compound exercise group weekly stretching 10 minutes, the 24 members who have run a complex exercise, 10 minutes of cool down stretching, 20-minute aerobic exercise were included in the study. Result : The results of this study, according to 1) Deep squat, Inline lunge, Trunk Stability Push-up there was significant difference(p<0.05), compound exercise group came out significantly higher. 2) Hurdle Step, Shoulder Mobility Reaching, Active Straight-leg Raise, Rotary stability in measured target these women flexibility because the test items that did not show a significant difference(p>0.05), the two groups averaged compared to the other items were higher. Complex exercise group, a statistically significant difference was overall average. Conclusion : FMS can not be resolved because of a compensatory mechanism to identify disparities and unbalanced movement patterns can help. Therefore, if the FMS and other tests conducted by splicing, will be utilized more profitably, and you will be able to suggest ways that can have a positive impact injury prevention is added to the side to expand the scope of the physical therapist.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2015

Purpose: Flexibility has been considered one of the most important goals in rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with the static stretching technique on the flexibility of hamstrings. Methods: Twenty-four subjects (15 men, 9 women) with limited hamstrings flexibility received three different intervention sessions in random order. The treatment sessions included static stretching (SS), static stretching with motor-level TENS (SS with motor TENS) and sensory-level TENS (SS with sensory TENS). All sessions of SS were performed in the straight-leg raise position for 30 seconds followed by rest for 15 seconds, in repetitions for 10 minutes using a belt. The TENS groups underwent TENS stimulation ($40{\mu}s$, 100 Hz) during the stretching for 10 minutes. Outcome measures were evaluated according to active knee extension (AKE) and recorded before the session and at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 15 minutes after the session. Results: There was significant improvement in hamstrings flexibility within all groups (p<0.05). SS with TENS (both sensory and motor) maintained significant increases in knee extension range of motion until 15 minutes post-treatment. In contrast, the SS-only group maintained significantly increased hamstrings flexibility only until 6 minutes post-treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Improvement in hamstrings flexibility with SS with TENS was maintained longer than with SS-only intervention. Electrical stimulation with stretching may be more effective than SS alone for increased duration of maintained hamstrings flexibility.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigated the muscle activity difference of lower extremity by abdominal co-contractive activation. 30 healthy women without pain in the low back and lower extremity were conducted. Muscle activities of lower extremity were measured with the active straight leg raise (ASLR) in 20cm raised from the floor without bending the knee at rest, abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and abdominal bracing maneuver (ABM), respectively. Hip adductor longus (HadL), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF) muscle activity in the Abdominal bracing maneuver were statistically significantly higher, also gluteus medius (Gmed) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle activity in the ADIM were higher. We provide the evidence to the positive effects of individual abdominal co-contractive activation training which can enhance postural stability and lower extremity strengthening with volitional preemptive abdominal contraction.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 2012

Objectives: This study is designed to compare clinical symptoms between Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation and Separation of the pubic symphysis. And report the clinical effectiveness of Traditional Korean Treatment on two case. Methods: Two patients who delivery in one week ago had pain that located symphysis and around. Treatment was acupuncture, Placenta Herbal Acupuncture and herbal medicine. The progress of symptom and aggressiveness of pain and disability were measured by Visual Analogue Scale, McGill pain Questionnaire-short form, Oswestry Disability Index and Active Straight Leg Raise test. Results: After treatment most two patients' pain and disabilty were improved. At first case, width of symphysis pubis were increased in normal range. Conclusions: These cases shows that Traditional Korean therapy might be effective in decreasing symptoms on separation of symphysis pubis during delivery and Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effects of therapeutic exercise on range of motion (ROM), the manual muscle test (MMT), functional movement screen (FMS) and radiological evaluation in a youth football player with football-specific anterior pelvic tilt (APT). METHODS: The subject of this case report was a 12-year-old youth football player, who presented with football-specific APT. Therapeutic exercise consisted of hamstring stretch, prone hip extension, abdominal crunch, bridging with isometric hip abduction, plank exercise with posterior tilt and posterior pelvic tilting exercise using a swiss-ball for 40 min/day, twice a week for 8-weeks. ROM, MMT, FMS (deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, rotary stability and trunk stability push-up) and radiographs (lumbar lordotic and sacral horizontal angle) were analyzed before and after week 8 of therapeutic exercise. RESULTS: The ROM, MMT, and FMS increased and the lumbar lordotic angle and sacral horizontal angle improved after 8-weeks of therapeutic exercise. CONCLUSION: The results of this case report suggest that therapeutic exercise improves ROM, MMT and radiography associated parameters in youth football players with football-specific APT. These findings have clinical implications for therapeutic exercise in youth football players with football-specific APT.