• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2000

This study is aimed at analyzing the trend of research on the use of exercise in nursing research, through suggesting directions for future research and implementation of the various exercise therapies. Research studies were taken from dissertations and theses selected from the Academic Society Journals of nursing science, Journals from universities, medical and nursing schools, research institutes in various universities, the Central Journal of Medicine, and the New Medical Journal. The research published between 1970 and 1997 in Korea were analyzed, 51 research were selected. The research are analyzed according to: published time, source of the research, research design, subjects, sample size, dependant variables, exercise therapy, and effect of exercise therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Research on exercise therapy increased rapidly in the 1990's. At this time, 88.2% of research was published. 2. Research areas included: 54.9% non- degree research, 27.5% Doctoral theses, and 17.6% Master's theses. 3. The experimental design included: 66.7% non- equivalent control group pre-test/ post-test design and 29.4% one group pre-test/post- test design. 4. Out of the Subjects: 52.9% were patients with various health problems, and 47.1% were healthy individuals. 5. Sample size included: 52.9% with above 31 subjects, 11.8% with 11~15 and 26~30. 6. Exercise therapy was analyzed by type, intensity, frequency, duration, and period. 1) The Types: Aerobic exercise at 60.8% was the most common, active exercise for muscle strengthening and building made up 21.6%. 2) Exercise with 40~65% intensity comprised 25.5%, 70~85% with 7.8%, and no description of the intensity was 66.7%. 3) Frequency of 3~5 per week was the most common at 78.4%. 4) Duration: 15~60 minutes was the most common length of time at 76.5%. 5) Periods: More than 5 weeks at 82.3% were the most common in their categories. 7. Dependant variables: Psychological response was measured as a dependant variable in 92.2%, Cardio-pulmonary function 88.2%, Body Composition was 86.3%, Physical Response was 60.8%, Lipid Metabolism was 58.8%, Physical Strength was 49.0%, Glucose Metabolism was 25.5%, Activities of Daily Living was 17.6% and others added to be 3.9%. 8. The effect of Exercise Therapy was categorized into 'positive', 'partially positive', and 'no effect' according to dependant variables: Having a positive effect - Glucose Metabolism (93.3%), Physical Response (85.0%), Activities of Daily Living (81.8%), Psychological Response (71.6%), Lipid Metabolism (67.6%), Cardio- pulmonary Function (63.6%), Physical Strength (68.1%), and Body Composition (56.4%). The following suggestions can be made on the above findings: 1. Research findings on Exercise Therapy as a Nursing Intervention need to be described by their elements of type, intensity, frequency, duration and period. 2. Toproperly study the positive effects of Exercise Therapy, there needs to be ⑴ appropriate research design, ⑵ selection criteria for the subjects ⑶ contents of exercise prescription to individuals or groups ⑷ measurement criterion for the dependent variables. 3. Meta-analysis on exercise therapy also needs to be done to analyze and integrate the various results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1401-1407
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• 2009

Many Lactobacillus strains have been promoted as good probiotics for the prevention and treatment of diseases. We engineered recombinant Lactobacillus casei, producing biologically active canine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (cGM-CSF), and investigated its possibility as a good probiotic agent for dogs. Expression of the cGM-CSF protein in the recombinant Lactobacillus was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting methods. For the in vivo study, 18 Beagle puppies of 7 weeks of age were divided into three groups; the control group was fed only on a regular diet and the two treatment groups were fed on a diet supplemented with either $1\times10^9$ colony forming units (CFU)/day of L. casei or L. casei expressing cGM-CSF protein for 7 weeks. Body weight was measured, and fecal and blood samples were collected from the dogs during the experiment for the measurement of hematology, fecal immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG, circulating IgA and IgG, and canine corona virus (CCV)-specific IgG. There were no differences in body weights among the groups, but monocyte counts in hematology and serum IgA were higher in the group receiving L. casei expressing cGM-CSF than in the other two groups. After the administration of CCV vaccine, CCV-specific IgG in serum increased more in the group supplemented with L. casei expressing cGM-CSF than the other two groups. This study shows that a dietary L. casei expressing cGM-CSF enhances specific immune functions at both the mucosal and systemic levels in puppies.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 여고생들의 라이프스타일과 교복변형행동의 관련성이 있는지 알아보고 이를 토대로 여고생들의 올바른 교복착용을 위한 의생활지도의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 광주광역시 소재의 인문계, 전문계 고등학교 6개교 1, 2학년 학생 602명의 여고생을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 설문 자료의 분석은 SPSS WIN 12.0(Kr)을 사용하여 요인분석, K-평균 군집분석, 일원배치 분산분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실행하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서는 여고생들의 라이프스타일에 따른 교복변형행동의 차이를 살펴보았으며 라이프스타일 유형간의 차이가 유의하게 크지는 않았다. 대부분의 여고생들은 교복변형을 찬성하고 있어 먼저 일반적 의복행동으로 이해되었으며 다음으로 라이프스타일의 영향을 받고 있었는데 디지털의존스타일이 다른 라이프스타일 유형과 다른 경향이 있었다. 따라서 학생문화의 하나로 자리 잡고 있는 학생들의 교복변형에 대해 정해진 규율에 맞춰 엄격히 단속하기보다 일정한 범위를 두어 개성을 표현하게하거나 속옷을 갖추어 착용하게 지도하는 것이 바람직하지 않을까 생각된다. 물론 교복의 기성복화에 따른 유행의 반영은 받아들이더라도 신체가 드러나서 부정적인 이미지를 주는 경우라면 적극적인 생활지도가 필요하리라고 생각된다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권6_1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2015

한반도에서 평화통일의 기반을 구축하기 위해서는 비군사분야에 머물고 있는 남북교류협력 영역을 군사분야로 확대하여 군비통제를 적극 추진해야 할 것이다. 그동안 남북 간에 군비통제가 추진되지 못한 이유는 (1)남북 간 신뢰구축의 한계, (2)군비통제 자체의 기능적 한계, (3)남북 간 제도 구조적 한계, (4)국내 외 환경적 한계 등 태생적 요인이 자리 잡고 있기 때문이다. 첫째, 군비통제를 추진하기 위해 남북 고위급회담 수준의 정치적 대화가 선행되어야 하며, 협상 및 추진과정에서 '전략적 유연성'을 발휘해야 한다. 이를 위해 상황과 여건에 부합한 '신축적 상호주의'를 적용해야 한다. 둘째, 기존의 '선 신뢰구축, 후 군축' 원칙에서 탈피하여 새로운 절충적 방법으로 '신뢰구축 및 군축의 동시추진' 원칙을 모색해 나가야 한다. 즉, 군비통제의 낮은 수준이라 할 수 있는 군사적 신뢰구축과 합리적 충분성에 입각한 제한된 군축을 병행하는 방안을 추진할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 국무총리실 직속으로 군비통제 전담기구를 설치하여 국가정책 전략 차원에서 군비통제 문제를 적극적으로 추진해야 한다. 또한 남북 고위급회담이 성사되면 '남북 군비통제 공동추진위원회(가칭)'을 구성 운영할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 평화통일을 위한 군비통제의 필요성에 대한 국민적 공감 형성과 유리한 국제적 환경조성을 위하여 보다 능동적인 외교역량을 발휘해야 할 것이다. 특히 국제사회와 함께 북한의 핵문제를 해결해 나가고, 한미동맹과 한중협력관계의 균형을 어떻게 유지해 나갈 것인가를 더욱 고민해야 할 것이다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1981

No evidence has accumulated that lead compound is an essential component for biological function in animals. Lead is absorbed primarily through the epithelial mucosal cells in duodenum and the absorption can be enhanced by the substances which bind lead and increase its solubility. Iron, zinc and calcium ions, however, decrease the absorption of lead without affecting its solubility, probably by competing for shared absorptive receptors in the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, the absorption of lead is increased in iron deficient animals. Lead shows a strong affinity for ligands such as phosphate, cysteinyl and histidyl side chains of proteins, pterins and porphyrins. Hence lead can act on various active sites of enzymes, inhibiting the enzymes which has functional sulfhydryl groups. lead inhibits the activity of ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase for the biosynthesis of hemoproteins and cytochrome, which catalyzed the synthesis of monopyrrole prophobilinogen from ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid. Accordingly lead decrease hepatic cytochrome p-450 content, resulting an inhibition of the activity of demethylase and hydroxylase in liver. Little informations are available on the effect of lead on digestive system although the catastrophic effects of lead intoxication are well documented. The present study was, therefore, attempted to investigate the effect of lead on pancreaticobiliary secretion in rats. Albino rats of both sexes weighing $170{\sim}230g$ were used for this study. The animals were divided into one control and three treated groups, i.e., control (physiologic saline 1.5ml/kg i.p.), lead acetate $(l0{\mu}mole/kg/day\;i.p.)$, $Pb(Ac)_2$ and EDTA$(each\;10{\mu}mole/kg/day\;i.p.)$, $Pb(Ac)_2$ and $FeSO_4(each\;l0{\mu}mole/kg/day\;hp)$. The pancreatico-biliary juice was collected under urethane anesthesia, and activities of amylase and lipase were determined by employing Sumner's and Cherry and Crandall's methods. The summarized results are follows. 1) In the experiment for acute toxicity of lead acetate, 20% of mortality was observed in rat treated with lead acetate as well as inhibition of the activity of amylase in the juice at the 3 rd day of the treatment. 2) No increases in body weight were observed in rats treated with lead acetate, while in control group the significant increases were observed. However, the body weights of animals were increased in the group lead acetate plus EDTA or $FeSO_4$. 3) Lead acetate decreased significantly the volume of pancreatico-biliary juice whereas additional treatment of EDTA and $FeSO_4$ prevented it. 4) Total activity of amylase was markedly reduced due to lead acetate treatment, but no change was showed following additional treatment with EDTA and $FeSO_4$. 5) No changes in the cholate and lipase output were observed in rats treated with lead acetate as compared with that of control rats. 6) Increase in bilirubin output in rats treated with lead acetate was shown on the 2nd and 3rd weeks treatment. 7) In the case of in vitro experiment, lead acetate also markedly inhibited release of amylase from pancreatic fragment. 8) Histologic finding indicated that acini vacuolation was induced in the pancreatic tissue of rat treated with lead acete. From the above results, it might be concluded that lead acetate decreases the volume of pancreatico-biliary secretion and inhibits the amylase activity, by acting directly on pancreatic cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Bonogen shampoo is composed of several plant extracts which are known to be used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Bonogen shampoo on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. There were eight male and female experimental groups including distilled water(DW: negative control), a commercial shampoo[M], 3% minoxidil (MXD) and Bonogen shampoo(BNG). Dorsal skin hair of six-week-old mice was trimmed with an electric clipper carefully not to damage the skin. The next day, mice without skin scratch were selected, randomized and separated in 10 mice per group. The test compounds were topically treated with 0.15 ml per mouse or dorsal skin for 21 days daily and then washed thoroughly with DW. The hair regrowth was determined photographically at 0, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, and 21 days and histologically at day 21. No clinical signs were observed in all mice. Although body weight was slightly increased in 3% MXD group than other groups, it was not significant. Hair regrowth began to be promoted after 14 days and appeared a distinct regrowth pattern in all animals by topical treatment of test compounds at 18 days. In particular, the topical treatment of bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD for 21 days to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth faster than DW or M shampoo. At 21 days, the hair regrowth promotion speed was in order of 3% MXD>BNG>M>DW. The bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD also promoted hair follicle elongation compared to the negative control. These results suggest that bonogen shampoo has hair growth promoting activities and may be useful for treatment of bald or alopecia.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

화석연료를 사용하는 내연기관에서 배출되는 가스는 환경오염, 지구온난화와 인체에 유해하여 많은 사회적인 문제를 야기시키고 있다. 최근에는 신재생에너지의 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 정부의 정책적인 지원과 연구개발 또한 활발하다. 가정에서 많이 사용되는 태양열에너지 시스템의 집열부는 열매체로 프로필렌글리콜 부동액이 물과 50% 고정된 값으로 혼합되어 영하온도에서도 집열부에 열을 전달한다. 그러나 집열부 내의 열매체에 누수가 발생되면 태양열시스템 특성상 보충수를 태양열 집열부에 공급하는데, 이로 인하여 보충수 내의 급수로 인하여 부동액 농도가 낮아지게 된다. 이에 따라 태양열 집열부위의 온도가 저하되어 동파를 야기하게 되는데 태양열에너지 시스템 정비 보수를 위해서 비용 부담이 증가하여 많은 문제점을 증가시킨다. 이 연구는 태양열에너지 시스템에 발생되는 동파 방지를 위하여 온도 저하에 따라 자동으로 부동액 농도를 제어가능한 장치를 개발하는 것이다. 물 성분이 프로필렌글리콜보다 전기전도도가 크며, 온도가 저온으로 내려갈수록 저항값이 증가하였다. 프로필렌글리콜 농도 제어 목표값 40, 50 및 60% 값은 39.6, 50.7 및 60.1%의 프로필렌글리콜 농도값으로 보정을 통하여 제어를 해야 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1979

Up to the present there were the blood transfusion and the use of apparatus not to sterilize at surgical operation and medical treatments in well known infectious ways of hepatitis B virus. But all its ways were still not surely known. As the other ways of hepatitis B virus infection, it was suggested that contagion such as kissing, sexual contact, homosexuality, and varieties discharged out human body urine, stool, tear, salivary, menstrual blood, Vaginal discharge etc, and low economic status, unsanitary environmental life, alcohol and smoking related to hepatitis B virus infection. From 800 waitress who frequently contact with a lot of drinker with low economic status and unclear environmental life, this study were investigated HBs Ag (Hepatitis B surface antigen) known marker for hepatitis B virus infection in their serum, and a few conditions of their private life in order to known dangerous rate b~ing exposed to the source of hepatitis B virus infection as comparison with control group. The results were summarlized as following 1. The positive rate of HBs Ag (4.3%) was significantly higher in waitress than in control group(1.1%). 2. In waitress old, 20-24 ages group was the most as 59.5%, and positive rate of HBs Ag was trend of higher in twenties than thirties. 3. Among the waitress, one that it was less than a year were the most (62.4%) in the period to work at restaurant business, and positive rate of HBs Ag was trend of higher in propotion to period to work at there. 4. Among the waitress, one who entertained to beer hall was the most (46%), and they were trend of higher in positive rate of HBs Ag (6.3%) than other waitress. 5. Among the waitress, one to drink with smoking, and only to drink, and only to smoke, and not to drink and smoke 66.1%, 21.5%, 4.6% and 7.8%. Espically in one to drink with smoking, ther was trend of indicating the high positve rate of HBs Ag, and it was made suspicion of the relationship of alcohol smoking, contact with a lot of drinker, unclear environment to hepatitis B virus infection. In the above results, it was found that dangerous rate being exposed in hepatitis B virus infection was high in the waitress. Therefore there are required for active preventions against hepatitis B virus infection them. Also as it is possible to be infectious source in public health that waitress infected to viral hepatitis, it is thought that appropriate rules about them.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.703-708
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• 2000

최근에 상용차용 디젤 엔진의 성능 향상을 목적으로 엔진 설계가 급격히 변화되면서 캠 팔로우어(cam follower)와 캠(cam) 사이에 작용하는 접동면 하중의 증가로 접동면에서의 마모가 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 주절체 및 소결합금 캠 팔로우어에 비해 내마모성이 우수한 세라믹 캠 팔로우어를 개발하였다. 잔류 응력을 완화시켜주는 중간층을 사용하지 않고 질화규소($Si_3N_4$) 팁과 중탄소강을 활성납재를 사용하여 직접 접합후 냉각시키는 과정에서 두 모재의 열팽창계수차에 의한 크라우닝(crowning, R) 이 형성되도록 하였다. 접합에 사용한 중탄소강은 열팽창시 이력(hysteresis) 거동을 나타내었으며, $A_{c1}$ 변태점인 $723^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 접합할 경우 원하는 크라우닝이 형성되었다. 접합온도가 $723^{\circ}C$ 이상이 되면 크라우닝 (R) 값이 온도에 따라 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며 이는 중탄소강의 상변태에 의한 열팽창.수축의 이력 특성으로 설명되어질 수 있었다. 규격에 맞는 크라우닝이 형성되는 최적 접합 온도는 $700~720^{\circ}C$의 범위였다. 질화규소와 중탄소강의 직접 접합방법으로 접합과 동시에 크라우닝을 형성시키고 제어함으로써 난가공재인 세라믹을 곡면 가공하지 않고도 적당한 곡률을 갖는 저가의 세라믹 캠 팔로우어를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.2-11
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• 2017

소비자들의 전반적인 생활환경 향상에 따른 웰빙 라이프 추구에 따라 소비자는 맛뿐만 아니라 식품의 질적인 측면 또한 중요시하게 되었으며, 이에 따라 안전한 식품 섭취에 대한 요구가 확대되었다. 또한 가공 곡류 등의 저장 식품에서의 해충의 피해가 빈번히 일어나며, 이는 식중독 유발 등 인체에 위해를 가할 수 있다는 보고가 계속 됨에 따라 이에 대한 해결 방안이 필요하다는 목소리가 커지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 전 세계적으로 식품에의 해충 오염 원인을 파악하고 이에 대한 해결 방안을 제시하기 위한 연구들이 지속적으로 진행되고 있으나 궁극적인 해결 방안이 제시되지 않고 있는 실정이며, 특히 방충 식품 포장재 개발 연구에 뒤따른 실질적인 상용화는 상당히 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 식품 업계에서는 식품포장 본연의 목적을 충실히 만족하며 기능성 포장으로서 해충의 침입을 방지하는 합리적인 방충 포장재 개발기술을 발전시키는데에 총력을 기울여야 할 것이다. 더불어 앞으로 산학연의 협력하에 저장해충을 방지할 수 있는 안전성이 입증된 적합한 방충 물질 탐색에 관한 연구는 물론, 실제 산업에도 도입시킬 수 있도록 경제성을 갖춘 포장재 개발에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어져야 할 것이다.