• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.106-114
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• 2006

The purposes of natural science museums are to educate the general public on the principles and application of science, and help them understand various aspects of science technology. Data should be analyzed by considering these educational aspects of exhibition, and the methods of presenting exhibits should be decided. Accordingly, the composition of exhibition contents with various exhibition elements has an important role at natural science museums. The relation and structure of exhibition themes are significant factors in helping visitors understand the principles of science and a system of viewing circulation can be used as an important tool for understanding the flow of exhibition. In other words, at the planning stage for the composition of exhibition contents, the relation of exhibition themes as well as the circulation patterns of viewers can induce active viewing behaviors. Therefore, centering on the patterns of viewing circulation as well as on the connectivity of exhibition themes at natural science museums, the purposes of this research are: 1) to conceptualize the composition of exhibition contents; and 2) to find elements that can induce active viewing behaviors by analyzing visitors' viewing behaviors. This research was establishing an analytical indicator of contact for viewing behaviors observed from the composition of exhibition scenarios, the active viewing patterns of engagement, first contact, and repeated contact were analyzed. First, a composition pattern with a high participation rate, in contact with exhibits, was found to induce an overall-viewing circulation and have a big ring of the composition of exhibition themes. Second, by inducing a partial-viewing circulation pattern, a high rate of first contacts was observed from a ring pattern of theme connection. Even for the structure with theme connection with depth, a high frequency of contacts with various exhibits was found when exhibition themes have a ring pattern. Third, the repeated contacts were mostly found in the form of scenarios, which has a successive structure of ring and cross patterns.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2004

This survey of 659 mothers examined maternal childrearing attitudes of over-protectiveness vs. active involvement and restrictive and/or evaluative TV/Video viewing mediation in relation to children's emotional, cognitive and social development. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Maternal over-protectiveness was highly associated with children's negative emotionality and maternal active involvement with children was the most important determinant of children's positive development. Furthermore, appropriate parental mediation of children's TV/Video viewing was related to children's higher cognitive and social ability as well as positive emotionality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.222-235
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• 2018

This study explores the factor which effects user's viewing on online in the situation of increasing viewing via OTT. After analyzing how the amount of news coverage and viewing rate affects user's active viewing, higher the number of views, In case of groundwave programs, if number of news coverage is high, hits of view and the number of comments is also high. While viewing rate, the number of views, the number of comments are independent of each other. In case of TV channels of comprehensive programming and cable TV, there is a interaction effect of viewing rate and the amount of news coverage. This study highlights the importance of the amount of news coverage when viewers is watching video on web.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.197-218
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to help the students in middle school improve their English listening comprehension by presenting effective teaching and learning techniques using animation. A good animation provides a self-contained world with language expressed in a virtual context. A few animation such as "Mulan", "The Emperor's New Clothes", and "Gulliver's Travel" are presented. The materials are primarily for English listening comprehension, enhance awareness of American culture and life-styles, and to encourage students' active role in learning English. It is suggested that their use with content-based instruction, where animation provides relevant schema background, makes language relevant and comprehensible. Practical aspects of classroom instruction are discussed, focusing on the adaption of pre-viewing, while-viewing, and post-viewing activities to the selected animation. It is concluded that careful animation selection, purposeful lesson planning, and the integration of pre-viewing, while-viewing, and post-viewing activities into the content-based lesson encourage natural language skills, especially the listening comprehension and students' interest in English.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.941-948
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• 2021

This study investigated the differences between active and inactive TV watching groups, in terms of residential characteristics, of class-oriented drama viewing rate. We compared Flow and Social Comparison Theories to explain the relationship between class-oriented contents in the drama and viewing rate. We collected 110,000 TV viewers data of 4 class-oriented and the other 4 dramas, aired between Feb. 2016 and March 2019, through D-Live local cable service provider. Controlling gender ratio and income level which may affect viewing rate, we found that class-oriented content significantly and positively affects viewing rate in active watching group while the same content significantly and negatively affects viewing rate in inactive watching group. These results imply that Flow and Social Comparison Theories may apply in opposite directions in different watching groups.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.3-12
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• 1995

In this research, we investigated the effect of three visual feedback conditions (direct viewing, one-monitor viewing, and tow-monitors viewing) on the task performance of human operator in teloperation task. The three different level of task difficulties under each concitions were performed by thirty-six subjects. The result of the experiments was analysed by the task difficulties, and the measurements of performance are the task completion time and the frequency of task errors. In a teleoperator, the participation of a human operator is always required, and the man-machine interface and the operator's abilities is an important issue. Recently, the different types of sensory feedback conditions(force, vision, sound, tactile, etc) for teleoperation is a very active research area in ergonomics. Among them, visual feedback conditon is an important sense that can provide the information of task environment. Therefore, the sufficient understandings and investigation for human ability under various visual feedback conditions is required to establish the efficient man-machine interface of teleoperation. The result showed that the visual feecback conditions and the level of task difficulties have a significant effect on the task performance. For three level of task difficulties, the task completion time was the shortest under the condition of direct viewing. The number of task errors under the conditions of direct viewing and two-monitors viewing were reduced by more than half compare to that of one-monitor viewing.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2006

Top Emission Active Matrix OLED is of particular interest to high performance display consumers. OLEDs offers excellent viewing angle, contrast, and color gambit. The present work centers on the development of a crystalline silicon active matrix OLED for high performance applications.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.84-91
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate how visitors' behavior change in relation to the pattern of exhibition in art museum. For the purpose Busan Museum of Modern Art was selected as the sample in this study. And two patterns of exhibition, namely the planar exhibition and the three dimensional exhibition, were surveyed using the tracking movement method. The data gathered from random-sampling 60 visitors in a art museum was analyzed by the correlation analysis and T-test. The results are as follows; 1) There is no meaningful difference in visitors' behavior by the exhibition pattern in terms of their viewing area, viewing time, viewing distance, viewing velocity, viewing rate. 2) In contrast, there is meaningful difference in terms of the number of stops by visitors and the time spent without movement to see the objects; visitors stopped more often and stayed longer within the three dimensional exhibition space than the planar exhibition in a art museum. In sum, visitors extrinsically show no big behavioral difference between the planar exhibition and the three dimensional exhibition, but much difference in the way they communicate with objects; they show more active behavior within the three dimensional exhibition space.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

With the introduction of the digital technology in the exhibition environment, the information of the exhibit has come to be transmitted through diverse media. The visitors desire has been increased from the simple viewing of the exhibition to the active participation in the exhibition viewing and the utilization of the exhibit information. Subsequently, the study on the service to effectively support the viewing experience and provide the information by utilizing the internet and mobile device for visitors in movement has become important in terms of the exhibition environment. Accordingly, in this study, the current condition in studying the service supporting the exhibition environment and the exhibition viewing, which are being changed into a digital network environment, was examined through the literature and case studies. In order to find out the viewing situation and viewing type of visitors, the visitors behaviors of viewing the exhibition were observed. By analyzing the contents observed, the viewing type and keyword were drawn in accordance with the visitors behaviors of viewing. On the basis of this, visitors needs and problems occurring in case of the exhibition viewing were found out via in-depth interview. The service factors of supporting the exhibition viewing were proposed on the basis of the factors by which visitors needs and problems could be solved via interface in the circumstance when visitors would move round the exhibition hall and view the exhibition. In terms of the service factors, the method to resolve was presented on the basis of the relationship between the exhibit and the space in case of selecting and viewing the exhibit. This was applied into the mobile PDA with the example of the exhibition environment in the national museum. Through the scenario of using, the usefulness of the service proposed and the relevant possibility of utilization were reviewed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.262-271
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to classify types of family visitors' behaviors more concretely, which could be useful in planning of exhibition spaces in a science museum, with given priority to their behaviors according to interaction between them, and to understand characteristics of the behaviors. With this view, the scope of this study was restricted to subjects, who were family visitors of Gwacheon National Science Museum, consisting of parents and their one elementary school child per family unit. For understanding their behaviors, itinerary tracking and observation method of behavior were conducted. Moreover, for understanding substantial types and characteristics of family visitors' behaviors, multivariate analysis was applied. Accordingly, the results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of factor analysis, two main factors were derived. In other words, they were 'Durability of viewing' as the first and 'Interactivity between family members' as the second, which were shown valid in classification of the types of their behaviors. Second, according to the factors derived, the types of their behaviors were classified into in-depth cooperative viewing, selective independent viewing, interest concentration child-led viewing and consideration parent-led viewing. They were shown valid in topological localization and classification, as a result of analysis of the main factors. Third, in view of common characteristics of the types, it is judged that active orientation prior to regular viewing could encourage visitors coming to the museum for the first time to feel more friendly to unfamiliar exhibition environments, during the initial seek time, and to reduce visual supersaturation. Fourth, it is judged that distributed arrangement of exhibits, which result in continuous standby, could avoid confused visitor circulation by the estimated time required for viewing.