• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1587-1592
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• 2007

Locus control region (LCR) is a cia-acting element which regulates the transcription of genes in developmental stage and/or tissue-specific pattern. Typically, LCR consists of several DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs), where the binding motifs for transcriptional activators are present. The binding of activators to the HSs recruits chromatin modifying complexes to the LCR, opening chromatin structure and modifying histones covalently through the locus. LCR forms close physical contact with target gene located at a distance by looping away intervening region. In addition, non-coding RNA is transcribed from LCR toward target genes in continuously acetylated active domain. These structural and functional features of LCR suggest that the LCR plays many roles in chromatin activation and transcriptional regulation.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 간섭 신호원의 방향을 정확히 탐지 및 식별하기 위해 상호결합특성을 고려한 16소자 배열안테나의 배열 형상 및 개별소자 구조에 대해 연구하였다. 제안된 배열 안테나는 상호결합특성, 능동소자패턴의 편차, 반전력빔폭을 고려하여 개별소자의 접지면간 이격거리를 도출하였다. 개별소자는 마이크로스트립 패치안테나로 구성되며, 광대역 특성 및 안테나의 소형화를 위해 접지면과 연결된 방사체 및 L 모양의 간접 급전 급전부로 구성된다. 제안된 안테나를 사용한 신호탐지 성능 평가 결과 제시된 시나리오 범위 내에서 낮은 RMS(root mean square) error의 성능을 갖는 것을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.663-678
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• 2020

This paper proposes a novel topology optimization method generating multiple materials for external linear plane crack structures based on the combination of IsoGeometric Analysis (IGA) and eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM). A so-called eXtended IsoGeometric Analysis (X-IGA) is derived for a mechanical description of a strong discontinuity state's continuous boundaries through the inherited special properties of X-FEM. In X-IGA, control points and patches play the same role with nodes and sub-domains in the finite element method. While being similar to X-FEM, enrichment functions are added to finite element approximation without any mesh generation. The geometry of structures based on basic functions of Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) provides accurate and reliable results. Moreover, the basis function to define the geometry becomes a systematic p-refinement to control the field approximation order without altering the geometry or its parameterization. The accuracy of analytical solutions of X-IGA for the crack problem, which is superior to a conventional X-FEM, guarantees the reliability of the optimal multi-material retrofitting against external cracks through using topology optimization. Topology optimization is applied to the minimal compliance design of two-dimensional plane linear cracked structures retrofitted by multiple distinct materials to prevent the propagation of the present crack pattern. The alternating active-phase algorithm with optimality criteria-based algorithms is employed to update design variables of element densities. Numerical results under different lengths, positions, and angles of given cracks verify the proposed method's efficiency and feasibility in using X-IGA compared to a conventional X-FEM.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 일차원 배열과 이차원 배열일 때 프린티드 다이폴의 스캔 블라인드니스 특성을 분석한다. 먼저 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 일차원과 이차원 배열일 때 프린티드 다이폴안테나의 능동소자패턴을 구한다. 이차원 배열에서는 E-면 방향으로 스캔 블라인드니스가 ${\pm}36^{\circ}$ 부근에서 발생하였으나, 일차원 배열에서는 스캔 블라인드현상이 거의 관측되지 않았다. 이차원 스캔 블라인드니스 원인을 분석하기 위해 먼저 이차원 배열의 단위 셀 분산 특성을 구하고, 주파수에 따른 스캔 블라인드니스와 비교한다. 그리고 일차원 배열과 이차원 배열에서의 단위 셀에서 Q 값을 비교함으로써 일차원과 이차원 배열에서 스캔 블라인드현상 차이를 설명한다. 선형으로 배열된 다이폴 구조에서 두 포트 사이에 아홉 개의 소자가 떨어져 있을 때 E-면 방향으로 전기장의 커플링을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 관측함으로써 이론의 타당성을 보인다. 마지막으로 프린티드 다이폴 배열을 제작하고, $11{\times}1$ 부배열과 $11{\times}3$ 부배열에 대해 능동소자패턴을 각각 측정하여, 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교함으로 이론을 검증한다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2023

Since dishing in the CMP process is a major factor that hinders the uniformity of the semiconductor thin film, many studies have focused this issue to improve the non-uniformity of the film due to dishing. In the metal layer, the dishing mainly occurs in the central part of the metal due to a difference in a selection ratio between the metal and the dielectric, thereby generating a step on the surface of the metal layer. Factors that cause dishing include the shape of the thin film, the chemical reaction of the slurry, thermal deformation, and the rotational speed of the pad and head, and dishing occurs due to complex interactions between them. This study analyzed the stress generated on the metal layer surface in the CMP process using ANSYS software, a commercial structure analysis program. The stress caused by the vertical load applied from the pad was analyzed by changing the area density and line width of the dummy metal. As a result of the analysis, the stress in the active region decreased as the pattern density and line width of the dummy metal increased, and it was verified that it was valid compared with the previous study that studied the dishing according to the dummy pattern density and line width of the metal layer. In conclusion, it was confirmed that there is a relationship between dishing and normal stress.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1380-1393
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 T/R(Transmit/Receive) 모듈을 이용한 항공기용 평면형 능동 전자주사식 위상 배열(AESA) 레이더 프로토 타입을 설계, 제작 및 시험하였다. LIG넥스원은 항공기용 레이더 개발에 필요한 핵심 기술 확보를 목적으로 AESA 레이더 프로토 타입을 개발하였다. 본 프로토 타입은 복사 소자 배열, 다수의 T/R 모듈, RF 급전기, 전원 분배, 빔 조향기, 아날로그/디지털 변환기(ADC)를 가지는 소형화된 수신기 및 액냉식 냉각과 지지 구조체로 구성되어 있다. 안테나 장치는 590 mm 직경에, 536개의 능동 소자를 배열할 수 있는 크기를 가진다. 각 T/R 모듈들은 삼각 배열을 적용하여 $14.7\;mm{\times}19.5\;mm$ 간격으로 배치하였다. 송신 최대 듀티 운용시 2,310 W의 전력이 입력되며, 발열은 1,554 W를 발산하게 된다. AESA 레이더 프로토 타입은 근접 전계 챔버에서 시험하였고, 그 결과 정확하고 유연한 제어에 의한 빔 조향과 빔 형성을 제공하는 빔 패턴을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.467-478
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 전자전용 재밍 송신기에 사용하기 위해서 개발된 광대역 평면형 능동위상배열 안테나 시스템의 설계 및 제작 그리고 측정 결과를 소개한다. 설계된 시스템은 $45^{\circ}$ slant 광대역 복사소자를 $8{\times}8$ 삼각 배열 구조로 배치하고, 광대역 GaN 반도체 고출력 증폭기와 GaAs 다기능집적회로(MFC)를 적용한 64개의 송신 채널을 구성하여 개발하였다. GaAs다기능집적회로는 광대역에서 빔 편이 현상을 피하기 위한 실시간 지연소자, 디지털 감쇠기 그리고 GaAs 구동증폭기를 포함하고 있어서 송신 빔 조향을 할 수 있으며, 시스템의 전자적 빔 조향 범위는 방위각/고각 방향으로 각각 ${\pm}45^{\circ}/{\pm}25^{\circ}$ 범위에서 가능하다. 개발된 시스템의 송신 빔 패턴 성능을 확인하기 위해 근접 전계 시험 시설을 이용하였다. 전자전용 송신 시스템 빔 패턴 측정 결과, 시스템의 유효방사출력은 목표성능(P) 대비 최대 9.8 dB 이상을 만족하였고, 방위각/고각 방향으로 각각 ${\pm}45^{\circ}/{\pm}25^{\circ}$ 빔 조향 결과 요구성능에 만족함을 확인하였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2015

The influence of Japonism, which is the post-mid-$19^{th}$ century phenomenon of appreciating and preferring the Japanese style that manifested all across Western art, started to grow as a result of the active open-door policy of Japan at this time. As all areas of Japanese arts and culture, such as paintings, sculptures and theater plays, influenced Europe and America, this influence developed into a cultural phenomenon that was reflected even in fashion. The characteristic elements of the kimono first expanded from Paris and showed a similar silhouette to that of the traditional kimono in the early $20^{th}$ century, but towards the middle and the end of the century, kimono sleeves that were connected as one piece without a connecting seam line between the sleeve and bodice started to appear. The foundation of this research focuses on the design characteristics of kimono sleeves that can be seen in $20^{th}$-century fashion, and five varying kimono sleeve jackets and coats based on these formative characteristics were designed. Each design had a gusset design added, which improved the external and mobility problems inherent in kimono sleeve patterns, while at the same time serving as a proposal for new design element applications. Additionally, through various changes to and attempts at designs using the kimono sleeve as a limiting factor, new design possibilities were explored.

• 복식
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop golf wear textile design, produce simulation and samples, and create original designs using geometric patterns. Significance: If modern people's trend to pursue well-being is be associated with healthy and active lifestyle and the design which combines a sport sense into artistic image appears in golf wear, it is a very significant effort to settle the role of sport as a mega trend. Contents: This study examined the general concept of geometric patterns and the situation and characteristics of women's golf wear. Finally, the design and simulation of gold wear textile were proposed. Study Instruments: For theoretical research, articles, books, literatures, and Internet materials published at home and abroad were reviewed and collected. For empirical research, a dot, a stripe(a line), a square, and an oval were selected and simulation was tested visually after the development of textile designs. Finally it was directly produced and golf wear design was developed. Photoshop CS 3 and Wacom intuos 3 were used as a general-purpose program and hardware respectively. DTP printing was used for sample work. Based on research results, geometric patterns range broadly and diversely from prehistoric remains and relics to contemporary art, design, architecture, and fashion. It is a unique formative element with value and attraction as the infinite object of inquiry beyond an area and the times. The combination of geometric patterns with art touch could complement the rigidity of design. It contributed to the perception of important role of art in the design area, namely, the importance of design containing artistry.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2020

Genetic modifications in noncoding regulatory regions are likely critical to human evolution. Human-accelerated noncoding elements are highly conserved noncoding regions among vertebrates but have large differences across humans, which implies human-specific regulatory potential. In this study, we found that human-accelerated noncoding elements were frequently coupled with DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), together with monomethylated and trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4, which are active regulatory markers. This coupling was particularly pronounced in fetal brains relative to adult brains, non-brain fetal tissues, and embryonic stem cells. However, fetal brain DHSs were also specifically enriched in deeply conserved sequences, implying coexistence of universal maintenance and human-specific fitness in human brain development. We assessed whether this coexisting pattern was a general one by quantitatively measuring evolutionary rates of DHSs. As a result, fetal brain DHSs showed a mixed but distinct signature of regional conservation and outlier point acceleration as compared to other DHSs. This finding suggests that brain developmental sequences are selectively constrained in general, whereas specific nucleotides are under positive selection or constraint relaxation simultaneously. Hence, we hypothesize that human- or primate-specific changes to universally conserved regulatory codes of brain development may drive the accelerated, and most likely adaptive, evolution of the regulatory network of the human brain.