• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.176.1-176.1
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• 2003

The protective effects on hepatic fibrosis of an aqueous extract from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), Changkil (CK), in hepatic stellate cell line, CFSC-2G. The increased deposition of extracellular matrix by hepatic stellate cells following liver injury in a process known as activation is considered a key mechanism for increased collagen content of liver during the development of liver fibrosis. (omitted)

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2017

In this study, Fe-Ni slag, converter slag and dephosphorization slag generated from the steel industry, and fly ash or bottom ash from a power plant, were mixed at an appropriate mixing ratio and melted in a melting furnace in a mass-production process for glass ceramics. Then, glass-ceramic products, having a basalt composition with $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, CaO, MgO, and $Fe_2O_3$ components, were fabricated through casting and heat treatment process. Comparison was made of the samples before and after the modification of the process conditions. Glass-ceramic samples before and after the process modification were similar in chemical composition, but $Al_2O_3$ and $Na_2O$ contents were slightly higher in the samples before the modification. Before and after the process modification, it was confirmed that the sample had a melting temperature below $1250^{\circ}C$, and that pyroxene and diopside are the primary phases of the product. The crystallization temperature in the sample after modification was found to be higher than that in the sample before modification. The activation energy for crystallization was evaluated and found to be 467 kJ/mol for the sample before the process modification, and 337 kJ/mol for the sample after the process modification. The degree of crystallinity was evaluated and found to be 82 % before the process change and 87 % after the process change. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength and bending strength were evaluated and found to be excellent for the sample after process modification. In conclusion, the samples after the process modification were evaluated and found to have superior characteristics compared to those before the modification.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree and pattern of knowledge management process, and to identify the relationship between knowledge management process and organizational effectiveness in clinical nurses. Method: Participants were 665 regular clinical nurses who had worked for over 1 year in general units of 9 tertiary medical hospitals including 2 national university hospitals, 5 university hospitals, and 2 hospitals founded by business enterprises. Data were collected from March to May 2003 through questionnaires. Four structured instruments were used to collect the data: Knowledge Management Process Scale(Jeong, Lee, Lee, & Kim, 2003), cCommitment Questionnaire(Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979), General Satisfaction Scale(CooK, Hepworth, Wall, & Warr, 1981), and one for general characteristics. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, correlation analysis with the SPSS for Windows 10.0 program. Result: 1) The average score for knowledge management process in nurses was $3.08{\pm}.54$ on a 5-point Likert scale. In order from highest mean score, the elements of knowledge management process, were Knowledge $Utilization(3.35{\pm}.57)$, Knowledge $Sharing(3.07{\pm}.58)$, Knowledge $Creation(2.99{\pm}.63)$, and Knowledge $Storage(2.91{\pm}.82)$. 2) Four knowledge management patterns for nurses, which were derived from cluster analysis, were inactivate pattern, delayed pattern, activate pattern, and high-activate pattern of knowledge management. 3) The degree of knowledge management process activation and 4 elements of knowledge management process, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Storage, Knowledge Sharing, and Knowledge Utilization, were significantly correlated with nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction(p=.000). 4) The nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction showed significant differences according to the knowledge management patterns derived from cluster analysis of high-activate pattern, activate pattern, delayed pattern, inactivate pattern(p=.000). Conclusion: These results suggest that there are four knowledge management patterns for nurses, and knowledge management process positively affects the nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction. From the above findings, knowledge management process is empirically verified as a useful and effective method to increase organizational effectiveness, and develop the organization.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2018

Ferulate is a phenolic compound abundant in wheat germ and bran and has been investigated for its beneficial activities. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of ferulate against the oxidative stress-induced imbalance of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), in connection with our previous finding that oxidative stress-induced imbalance of PTKs and PTPs is linked with proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B $(NF-{\kappa}B)$ activation. To test the effects of ferulate on this process, we utilized two oxidative stress-induced inflammatory models. First, YPEN-1 cells were pretreated with ferulate for 1 hr prior to the administration of 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Second, 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ferulate for 10 days. After ferulate treatment, the activities of PTKs, PTPs, and PP2A were measured because these proteins either directly or indirectly promote $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Our results revealed that in YPEN-1 cells, ferulate effectively suppressed AAPH-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity, as well as AAPH-induced PTK activation. Furthermore, ferulate also inhibited AAPH-induced PTP and PP2A inactivation. In the aged kidney model, ferulate suppressed aging-induced activation of PTKs and ameliorated aging-induced inactivation of PTPs and PP2A. Thus, herein we demonstrated that ferulate could modulate PTK/PTP balance against oxidative stress-induced inactivation of PTPs and PP2A, which is closely linked with $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Based on these results, the ability of ferulate to modulate oxidative stress-related inflammatory processes is established, which suggests that this compound could act as a novel therapeutic agent.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2002

Nitric oxide has high affinity for iron, and thus it can cause intracellular iron loss. We tested the idea that intracellular iron can be the primary target of NO toxicity by comparing the signaling mechanisms involved in cell death caused by iron depletion and that caused by NO. Treatment of HL-60 cells with a NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), decreased the intracellular iron level rapidly as that observed with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Iron chelators such as DFO and mimosine could induce death of human leukemic HL-60 cells by a mechanism requiring activation of p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, caspase-3 and caspase-8. DFO and SNAP also caused release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Inhibition of p38 kinase by a selective inhibitor, SB203580, abolished the NO and DFO-induced cell death, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8, thus indicating that p38 kinase lies upstream in the cell death processes. In a parallel situation, the cells that are sensitive to NO showed similar sensitivity to DFO. Moreover, simultaneous addition of ferric citrate, an iron-containing compound, inhibited the SNAP and DFO-induced activation of caspases and also blocked the NO-mediated cell cycle arrest at $G_1$ phase. Collectively, our data implicate that the NO-induced cell death of tumor cells including HL-60 cells is mediated by depletion of iron and further suggest that activation of p38 kinase lies upstream of cytochrome c release and caspase activation involved in this apoptotic process.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2022

혈소판의 과도한 활성화 및 응집은 심혈관계 질환의 주요원인이 된다. 따라서, 혈소판 활성화 및 응집을 억제하는 것은 심혈관계 질환을 예방하고 치료하는데 있어서 매력적인 치료 표적으로 여겨진다. 특히, 혈관 내피세포에서 분비되는 collagen에 의한 강력한 혈소판 활성화와 응집이 혈관질환에서 특징적이다. Artesunate는 Artemisia 또는 Scopolia 속 식물의 뿌리에서 추출한 화합물이며, 항암 및 알츠하이머 병 분야에서 효과가 있다고 보고된 바 있다. 그러나, artesunate가 collagen 유도의 혈소판 활성화와 응집에 미치는 영향과 그 기전에 대해서는 규명된 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 collagen이 유도하는 사람 혈소판 응집에 있어 artesunate이 미치는 영향을 확인하였고, artesunate의 작용 기전을 명확히 하였다. Artesunate은 혈소판가 활성화 될 때 신호 전달 과정에 작용한다고 알려진 인단백질인 PI3K/Akt 및 MAPK의 인산화를 억제하였다. 또한, artesunate는 TXA2 생성을 감소시켰고, ATP 및 serotonin 방출 등의 혈소판 내 과립 분비를 감소시켰다. 그 결과, artesunate는 혈관 내피세포에서 분비되는 강력한 응집 유도 물질인 collagen으로 유도된 혈소판 응집을 106.41 μM의 IC₅₀로 강력하게 억제하였다. 이 결과들을 통해, artesunate가 혈관 손상을 통해 일어나는 사람 혈소판의 활성화 및 응집을 억제하는 데 유효한 항혈전 물질로 가치가 있음을 제안한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권2D호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2009

도시의 발달과정에서 공공기관이 도심 외곽지역으로 이전하고 이에 따라 야기되는 기존 도심의 공동화 현상은 어느 정도 예견되는 현상이다. 그리고 부산시의 경우, 국내의 다른 도시들에 비해 도심쇠퇴 현상이 심각하게 진행되었다고 평가된다. 도심 활성화를 위한 접근방법에는 여러 가지가 있을 수 있겠으나 본 연구에서는 공공청사 주변 지역을 대상으로 청사주변 기성시가지의 침체 요인을 분석한다. 그리고 공공청사 이전에 따른 기성시가지의 활성화 방안과 그에 따른 영향을 인자분석 을 통해 논의하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 도심의 활성화를 도모할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고 제시된 방안을 평가 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 부산광역시 동래구 복천동 일원 기성시가지에 입지한 동래구청사 이전계획을 사례로 동래구 구청사 및 주변 지역의 현황 및 문제점을 파악하고 이를 통하여 기성시가지의 침체 요인을 분석한다. 이 후 구청사 이전에 따른 청사주변 지역 즉, 동래구 복천동 일원의 기성시가지 활성화 및 특성화를 위한 기본방안 제시와 더불어 세부계획을 수립하고 이를 토대로 동래 지역 활성화에 어떠한 계획요소들이 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 인자분석을 통하여 분석결과를 도출하였다. 그 결과 5개의 주요 요인이 추출되었는데. 역사문화적 요인, 특성화 거리 조성 요인, 도시계획적 요인, 구청사 이전지 요인, 교통환경 개선요인 등이 주변지역에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인으로 분석되었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2006

Traditionally exhibition design as been restricted to architectural, interior, and lighting design, but recently it has begun to overlap into environmental, performance, and installation art. Exhibition design also increasingly involves the application of film, fashion, and the new media. In the past, exhibits were arranged and displayed for the visitor to view directly, but with the development of more effective exhibit media a connection has been created between the exhibit and the visitor. However exhibition design has reached the limits of continuous growth without background theory, when now it must take Into consideration the museum's activation and the importance of the exhibition's design. Exhibition design has developed and grown rapidly since the Taejeon Expo in 1993, but it is a difficult development without a theoretical structure. The flow of exhibition design must be systemized, as the systemization of the transition process of exhibition design has not yet been achieved. This study aims to present an arrangement of exhibition design flow, and to investigate the variation factors in the transition process of exhibition design and exhibit medium development, based on the 18 year history of the Independence Hall that introduced the first systematic planning of an exhibition in 1987.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.67-88
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• 2011

This study empirically investigated the effects of knowledge management(KM) strategic alignment on the KM activities as well as the product and process innovation of manufacturing firms. Based on the framework, which employs the usage levels of target costing systems(TCS) and information technology(IT) infrastructure, four types of KM strategies were identified and proposed：mixed, explorative, exploitative and negative strategies. In this research, these four types of KM strategies were empirically validated. According to the results of this study, it was found that when a explorative KM strategy is aligned with a low-cost strategy, KM activities are activated and the degree of a process innovation is increased. It was observed that in the case of the alignment between a differentiation strategy and a exploitative KM strategy, both KM activities and the level of a product innovation are enhanced. The results also demonstrated that for the enhancement of both a process and a product innovation through the activation of KM activities, a mixed KM strategy must be aligned with a composite business strategy, which focuses on a low-cost as well as a differentiation strategies. Accordingly, it is concluded that the KM activities and the levels of the product and process innovation can be activated or improved with the alignment of the KM strategies and business strategies.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.475-480
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• 2002

The reliability of the solder joint is affected by type and extent of the interfacial reaction between solder and substrates. Therefore, understanding of intermetallic compounds produced by soldering in electronic packaging is essential. In-based alloys have been favored bonding devices that demand low soldering temperatures. For photonic and fiber optics packaging, m-based solders have become increasingly attractive as a soldering material candidate due to its ductility. In the present work, the interfacial reactions between indium solder and bare Cu Substrate are investigated. For the identification of intermetallic compounds, both Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) were employed. Experimental results showed that the intermetallic compounds, such as Cu$_{11}$In$_{9}$ was observed for bare Cu substrate. Additionally, the growth rate of these intermetallic compounds was increased with the reaction temperature and time. We found that the growth of the intermetallic compound follows the parabolic law, which indicates that the growth is diffusion-controlled.d.