• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.77-96
• /
• 1976

In order to investigate the effects and acting mechanism on ovaries, thyroid glands and hypophyses of rabbits in short term administration of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) as medical dose, a total of 90 virgin albino rabbits (mean body weight, 1,362g) were selected at random and alloted to two groups. Rabbits in one group served as controls and the others were administered SDM of 50 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks, and then reared without medication for 4 weeks. Pathological changes of the three organs were observed each week for 9 weeks and the results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Mean body weights of both groups manifested slow increasing tendency but mean hypophysis weights fluctuated throughout the experimental term. Mean ovary weights of experiments were decreased significantly from the 3rd to 6th week but mean thyroid weights of experiments were increased significantly from the 1st to 6th week compared with those of controls. 2. Many ovarian follicles of each developing stage showed follicular atresia accompanying atrophy or necrosis of oocytes and of disintegrated follicular cells. Theca interna cells and sudanophilic interstitial cells showed atrophy and diminished sudanophilic granules and also liquor folliculi were diminished. These changes icreased from the 1st week, remaining so for 5 weeks and returned to normal status in the 8th or 9th week. 3. The thyroid gland showed a typical hyperplastic goiter. Hypertrophic and hyperplastic epithelia follicular manifested cuboidal or columnar form showing tiny or small vacuoles in cytoplasm. The follicles showed atrophy and decreasing colloidal materials. Necrotic and regenerative changes were also present. The interfollicular vessels showed congestion and hemorrhage. These changes increased from the 1st week, remaining so for 5 weeks and returned to normal status in the 9th week. 4. The rates of differential cell counts of hypophyses revealed increase of basophils (gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs) and decrease of chromophobes. Basophils which had diminished granules stainable with HE, PAS and AF revealed hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and increasing of tiny or small vacuoles in cytoplasm. These changes increased from the 1st week, remaining so for 5 weeks and returned to normal status in the 8th or 9th week. As summarized above histologically, administration of SDM led thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs of pituitary glands to hyperactivity but revealed retrogressive and compensatory changes with functional disturbance in ovaries and thyroid glands. These changes were transitional and attributed to direct actions of the drugs on the ovaries and thyroid glands.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2018

The interest about 4th Industrial Revolution was impressively increased from newspapers, iindustry, government and academic sectors. Especially AI what could be felt by the skin of many peoples, already overpassed the ability of the human's even in creative areas. Namely, now many people start fo feel that the effect of the revolution is just infront of themselves. There were several issues in this trend, the ability of deep learning by machine, the identity of the human, the change of job environment and the concern about the social change etc. Recently many studies have been made about the 4th industrial revolution in many fields like as AI(artificial intelligence), CRISPR, big data and driverless car etc. As many positive effects and pessimistic effects are existed at the same time and many preventing actions are being suggested recently, these opinions will be compared and analyzed and better solutions will be found eventually. Several educational, political, scientific, social and ethical effects and solutions were studied and suggested in this study. Clear implication from the study is that the world we will live from now on is changing faster than ever in the social, industrial, political and educational environment. If it will reform the social systems according to those changes, a society (nation or government) will grasp the chance of its development or take-off, otherwise, it will consume the resources ineffectively and lose the competition as a whole society. But the method of that reform is not that apparent in many aspects as the revolution is progressing currently and its definition should be made whether in industrial or scientific aspect. The person or nation who will define it will have the advantage of leading the future of that business or society.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2016

A stochastic process has been used to develop a condition-based model for preventive maintenance of armor units of rubble-mound breakwaters that can make a decision the optimal interval at which some repair actions should be performed under the perfect maintenance. The proposed cost model in this paper based on renewal reward process can take account of the interest rate, also consider the unplanned maintenance cost which has been treated like a constant in the previous studies to be a time-dependent random variable. A function for the unplanned maintenance cost has been mathematically proposed so that the cumulative damage, serviceability limit and importance of structure can be taken into account, by which a age-based maintenance can be extended to a condition-based maintenance straightforwardly. The coefficients involved in the function can also be properly estimated using a method expressed in this paper. Two stochastic processes, Wiener process and gamma process have been applied to armor stones of rubble-mound breakwaters. By evaluating the expected total cost rate as a function of time for various serviceability limits, interest rates and importances of structure, the optimal period of preventive maintenance can easily determined through the minimization of the expected total cost rate. For a fixed serviceability limit, it shows that the optimal period has been delayed while the interest rate increases, so that the expected total cost rate has become lower. In addition, the gamma process tends to estimate the optimal period more conservatively than the Wiener process. Finally, it is found that the more crucial the level of importance of structure becomes, the more often preventive maintenances should be carried out.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2015

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (KSPID) has participated in the task force team consisting of government authorities as well as civil medical experts and facilities to block the spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 2015. KSPID posted the "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Pop-up" in the homepage of The Korean Pediatric Society and The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. KSPID also released the "Guidelines for testing for MERS in children and adolescents" and the "Instructions for the Operation of National Safe Hospital" for children and adolescents in a timely manner. Such actions were aimed to prevent unnecessary anxieties, studies and isolation of pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms and signs caused by other common microbial etiologies as being suspected for MERS patients. This strategy relieved the doctors and parents from unnecessary fear and prevented the loss of unnecessary health care costs, and has proven to be a well-judged guideline and management protocol as evaluated after the final end of MERS outbreak. KSPID and its members should support the presence of pediatric infectious disease (PID) specialists in every medium size hospitals in Korea by developing the need for consultation fees for PID consultation in the hospital based practice and promoting the potential for cost savings related to prevention of health care associated infections and optimal prescription of antimicrobial agents. KSPID and its members need to approach and develop a communication plan to political decision makers to demonstrate and convince them of the importance of a PID specialist service.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2020

"The Man Standing Next" was a 'anger-character movie' that shows a fierce psychological game between the characters. Inspired by this point, it was analyzed the narrative structure of this film based on scene unit applying the 'Five-stage Anger Model' formulated by Lakoff and Kövecses and others. The results showed that the causality and feasibility of the protagonist's anger behavior were highly reflected above the model. In particular, among the five steps, the film-maker spent the longest time on 'anger control' justifying the hero's motivation for punishment or retaliation, while giving the shortest time to 'loss of control' to maximize the urgentness of the punitive actions. The detonator causing his anger at each stage was disposed two to six times each stage with neglect, contempt, arrogance, ostentation, mockery, unauthorized intervention, etc. Sneering of "Chief Security Officer" and insulting of "The President" make the protagonist feel the scorn of a terrible friend-murderer each functioned as a "rage trigger." In conclusion, the film follows the above sophisticated model in its narrative structure. Though it was a political drama that sets up a lot of anger scheme caused from public reasons, it reflects ordinary people's routine anger, which corresponds to 24 percent of the list of Nobaco's Provocation Inventory (PI). The producers elaborately reflected the anger procedure theory and balanced the public and private drivers of rage. It was considered to be derived from the intention to enhance communication with the audience increasing their understanding and aspiration for political movie that are usually heavy and unfamiliar.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.372-378
• /
• 2007

The Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and probably the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies being used in the treatment of abdominal pain hepatitis chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. Recently the biological and pharmacological actions of herb have been studied well such as antibacterial, antidiabetic and antitumor activities. This experiment was conducted to investigate antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of Artemisia capillarix extracts against Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180 cancer cells on in vivo experimental tests. On in vivo experimental tests using 280 ICR mice the gain of body weight in the control-group mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor was 1.5 times more than that of the normal-group mice after 33 days. However, the gain of body weight in all experimental groups administered with Artemisia capillaris extracts was significantly lower than that of the control-group mice (P<0.05). The mean survival times of mice administered with Artemisia capillaris extracts of 25 and 100 mg/kg for 28 days were shown to be 25.39% and 15.39% longer than that of the control-group mice injected with saline (P<0.05). Artemisia capillaris extracts showed the highest tumor inhibition effects, which were 42.4% and 27.2% when intraperitoneally injected with doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg once a day for 28 days in inoculated ICR mice with Sarcoma 180 solid tumor cells (P<0.05). The results suggest that Artemisia capillaris methanol extracts have prominent antitumor effects on the cancer cell lines Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2021

In the last 5 years, a total of 567 accidents of operating vessels occurred under the influence of alcohol at sea, most of which occurred in fishing boats. Accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol at sea are causing human and physical damages. There were 69 accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol, leading to five deaths and one missing. The social damage due to operating vessels under the influence of alcohol is also increasing. Under the current law, punishment is given lightly compared to the seriousness of violation. In order to prevent the recurrence of accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol, cases in Korea need to be analyzed. Regulations on the crackdown in foreign countries were compared to those in Korea and reviewed. In addition, risks of operating vessels under the influence of alcohol should be provided to ship workers while improving related laws and systems. In addition, efforts should be made to reduce the number of accidents due to operating vessels under the influence of alcohol by strengthening crackdowns on ships at sea so that accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol could be prevented in advance in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 2015

Muscle atrophy, known as a sarcopenia, is defined as a loss of muscle mass resulting from a reduction in the muscle fiber area or density due to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and an increase in protein breakdown. Schisandrae fructus (SF) extract of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baillon has been used as a tonic in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Although a great deal of work has been carried out on the therapeutic potential of SF, its pharmacological mechanisms of action in muscle diseases actions remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SF ethanol extracts on the production of muscle atrophy factors in C2C12 myotubes stimulated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide (AICAR), an AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator, and sought to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. AICAR upregulated atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and stimulated the levels of the forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcription factor in the C2C12 myotubes. SF supplementation effectively and concentration- dependently counteracted AICAR-induced muscle cell atrophy and reversed the increased expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a. Our study demonstrates that SF can reverse the muscle cell atrophy caused by AICAR through regulation of the AMPK and FoxO3a signaling pathways, followed by inhibition of MuRF-1.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.435-448
• /
• 2002

Accidents are important causes of death and disability in children. They also have enormous financial implications. Young children become an victim of accidents easily because of their physical fragileness and their coping behavior being vulnerable to any actions taken by accidents. Once they have a accident, the children whose not fully developed, suffer from devastating long-term after-effects. Lee, Lee, Kang and Han(1995) reported that ninety percent of accidents can be prevented. But there is no national system to manage, evaluate and analyse the information about child accidents, even though it is necessary for accident prevention policies and health promotion of the general public. The purpose of the study was to determine how often children have accidents and define the accident prevention strategies in children. The investigator conducted a descriptive study by performing the surveys, interviews, and workshops for the 2,458 young children, 10 teachers, and 1,494 parents. The data collection for the study began on September 2000 and completed on April 20, 2001. The analysis of the data was done with Window SPSS 10.0 for descriptive statistics. Among those children, 1,298 children(52.8％) injured from accidents. The children who had accident answered that they injured from traffic accident(27.3％), inside the home(26.3％), on the playground(17.0％), during playtime(13.6％), in the school(5.9％) and food poisoning(7.1％). To define accident prevention strategies for the school children, the parents and the teachers who had a special interest in this topic formed a special task force under the guidance of the investigator. The team was charged to prepare the basis of content materials by identifying the problems, setting standards for the program, prioritizing the process, and selecting the methods of implementation and evaluation. Eight issues and concerns identified by the team were: 1)allowing young children to learn undesirable habits and behaviors that would bother others without knowing; 2) not guarding young children from car accident; 3)unattended accident at playground; 4) considering home places safe; 5)unattended accident at school. These issues were found to be coinciding with the actual child accident cases occurred recent years in Korea. Greater efforts are required to reduce unnecessary deaths and disability from childhood accidents. This study gave a very useful and important data to prepare accident prevention educational program and to prepare accident prevention strategies.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.127-139
• /
• 2021

This study is intended to review the poetic directing created by the aesthetics of silence of Claude Régy, a French director who carries out playwriting in silence, departing from conventions through the concept of "potentiality" proposed by Giorgio Agamben, an italian philosopher. Claude Régy stated, "What's fundamentally important is not to say what you want to say." Thus he tries to create the stage of "silence" rendered in overly slow, excessively segmented dialogues while selecting restrained minimal means. Agamben makes Bartleby who "prefers not to" as a cardinal model of his perfect potentiality, asserting that the nature of potentiality is revealed in the pause of actuality. As in Agamben's philosophy, Claude Régy's directing is also the "pause" of words and actions. This silence is not a return to actuality but a creation of the moment at which "the invisible" become visible. The silence of words or the silence of an empty stage with dim lighting is viewed by Agamben as potentiality that has "underlying passivity" and is "hospitable to non-existnece". In this light, this study is to create another direction for the theater arts of our time and the 21^st century and to extend the horizon of new directional modes. It aldo reviews the concept of Agamben's "potentiality" that provides critical viewpoints to "the artist without content", works directed by Claude Régy who has created his own distinctive styles of direction with the aesthetics of "slowness" and "silence", L'intérieur by Maurice Maeterlinck and Quel'un va venir By Jon Fosse.