• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.218-242
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• 2022

Background: Promising specific growth regulators are employed in the tissue cultures of various bamboo species. Specific natural hardening mixtures support the acclimatization and adaptation of bamboo under protected cultivation. Results: The growth regulators like 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin, Gelrite, Benzyl Adenine (BA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Coumarin, Putrescine, Gibberellic acid (GA₃), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) has been widely used for callus induction, root regeneration and imposing plant regeneration in various species of bamboo such as Bambusa spp. and Dendrocalamus spp. Different combinations of growth regulators and phytohormones have been used for regenerating some of the major bamboo species. Natural hardening materials such as cocopeat, vermicompost, perlite, cow dung, farmyard manure, compost, soil, garden soil, and humus soil have been recommended for the acclimatization and adaptation of bamboo species. Standard combinations of growth regulators and hardening mixtures have imposed tissue culture, acclimatization, and adaptation in major bamboo species. Conclusions: Bamboo contributes to soil fertility improvement and stabilization of the environment. Bamboo species are also involved in managing the biogeochemical cycle and have immense potential for carbon sequestration and human use. This paper aims to review the various growth regulators, natural mixtures, and defined media involved in regenerating major bamboo species through in vitro propagation. In addition, the ecological benefits of safeguarding the environment are also briefly discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

This experiments were carried out to find out the effects of different explant materials, kinds and concentration of plant growth regulators, and total nitrogen and sucrose contents on the in vitro regeneration of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. The effects of growth regulators on regeneration from 3 explant sources (leaf, internode and node) were more or less same. Leaf explants produced only callus with 2ip (Isopentenyladenine) and NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid) treatment and other regulators had no effects. Test with internode explants yielded about same results but callus was obtained with 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Node explants resulted in shoot regeneration by all regulator treatment except NAA and 2,4-D, but control also showed similar results. Callus formation from internode and node explants was vigorous by 2ip, zeatin, and 2,4-D treatments and high NAA concentration resulted in higher callus formation. In this experiment, various mixed treatment of growth regulators were also employed, using node as explant material. Shoot regeneration was obtained with BA (Benzyl adenine) + NAA treatments but the results were comparable with control. Generally shoot and root regeneration was poor with all combined treatment except 2ip + NAA and 2,4-D + NAA. However, callus was formed readily with all treatments. In this experiment, combined treatments of regulators were applied on the callus derived from singular regulator treatment. The results showed no shoot and root regeneration with any combination of 2,4-D, IAA (Indoleacetic acid) and NAA, but soft milky white callus was formed in all the treatments. No shoot and root regeneration was observed with any combination of 2iP, NAA and IAA, but somewhat hard, light green callus was formed in all the treatments. Callus formation decreased with high kinetin concentration in case of kinetin + NAA treatment. The experiments with total nitrogen content of media showed that low concentrations of 15 and 30mM were effective for the shoot and root regeneration. Sucrose experiment demonstrated shoot regeneration with 1${\sim}$4% concentration, and root and callus formation with 2${\sim}$4%. No root and callus formation was observed with 0 and 1% sucrose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

Immature and mature embryos of 18 Korean wheat genotypes were cultured in vitro to develop an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration, and to compare the responses of both embryo cultures. Immature and mature embryos were placed on a solid agar medium containing the MS salts and vitamins, 30g/l maltose, 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and amino acids. The developed calli were maintained on regeneration medium containing MS salts and B5 vitamins, 20 g/l sucrose, and the combination of two plant growth regulators, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Immature embryos in most genotypes showed high efficiency of callus induction except three genotypes; Eunpamil, Chunggemil, and Namhaemil, and significant differences among the genotypes. Plant regeneration of calli induced from immature embryos showed high efficiency in Geurumil (56.5%), Tapdongmil (50.5%), Gobunmil (45.5%), and Urimil(42.2%). The analysis of variance showed significant differences for regeneration frequency among the genotypes. Mature embryos showed low callus induction frequency compared with that in immature embryos, and significant differences among the genotypes. Plant regeneration of calli induced from mature embryos showed high efficiency in Keumkangmil (33.33%), Tapdongmil(28.13%), and Geurumil (27.78%). The analysis of variance showed significant differences for plant regeneration frequency among the genotypes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.82-87
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• 2013

A study on desorption and regeneration characteristics for silver ions adsorbed onto crab shells was carried out by means of Nitric acid soultion which was selected as the best desorbing agent. Desorption efficiency for silver ions was the highest as about 96% at the 1.0M of Nitric acid concentration. Also, silver ions was almost desorbed below 1.0 of S/L(mg/mL) ratio which is defined as the ratio of adding amount of adsorbent and volume of desorbing agent and most of desorption process was completed within 60min. And removal efficiency of reused crab shells for silver ions was maintained as about 92% until the 2nd cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1962

Six frogs (Rana nigromaculata 25∼40 gm) were adapted to light for 2 hours. Then 0.02 ml of 3% nicotinamide and 0.02 ml of 0.6% folic acid were injected into the vitreous body of the right eye-ball, and 0.02 ml normal saline solution into the vitreous body of the left eye-ball respectively. After dark adaptation for an hour-their heads were cut off under a dim red light (650 $m{\mu}$). The retinae were removed from the left eye-ball for the control group and from the right for the test group respectively. Then rhodopsin was extracted from the retinae with 3 ml of 2% digitonin solution(pH = 7.0) for 17 hours at 0$^{\circ}C$ in the dark. The optical densities before and after the illumination of the extract were measured and compared with those of the control group. The results are as follows: 1) The group which had been injected with 0.02 ml of 3% nicotinamide solution had the promotive action on tile regeneration of rhodopsin in comparison with the control group. 2) The group which had been injected with 0.02 ml of 0.6% folic acid solution had the controlling action on the regeneration of rhodopsin in comparison with the control group.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2015

This work has performed to examine the operation status of regeneration and scrubber system of cold rolling mill plant and established the DIWS(Dip Injection Wet Scrubber) system for the removal of hydrochloric acid with micro bubble. When the initial 22.3 ppm of HCl gas was injected into the system, the average exhaust HCl gas was 0.59 ppm with the removal efficiency of 97.3%. Hydrochloric acid was effectively removed by DIWS system. In the long term monitoring for 10 hours by 5 minutes through TMS(Tele Monitoring System), the average exhaust HCl gas was stably kept 0.69 ppm, which was also verified by manual measurement.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2003

The leaf segments of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were cultured in vitro and determined optimal concentration of plant growth regulators and sugars for callus induction, multiple shoots regeneration and in vitro bulblet formation. Highest yield of callus was observed in the leaf segment culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar. Regeneration rate of multiple shoots from callus was high in the MS medium supplemented with kinetin 3.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L or SA 1.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L, containing 30 g/L sucrose. High rate of bulblet formation was observed as the concentration of jasmonic acid increased from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L in medium, whereas addition of gibberellic acid significantly suppressed bulblet formation. The rate of in vitro bulbing was as high as $96\%$ in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L jasmonic acid and 120 g/l sucrose after two month culture at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under 16 hours day light.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1333-1338
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• 2014

LDHs(layered double hydroxides) are of use adsorbent to remove heavy metals, micro-organic pollutants as well as high concentration of phosphorus from wastewater to low concentration of surface water without pH adjustments. This study examined the generation condition of LDHs saturated with phosphorus. Less than 20% regeneration rate was obtained in the absence of alkali and regeneration solution. After the desorption of LDHs with several conditions of acid and alkali solution, more than 60% of regeneration rate could be expected in the case of using $MgCl_2$ as regeneration solution.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2003

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.192-209
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug-loaded biodegradable membranes for guided tissue regeneration(GTR). The membranes were made by coating mesh of polyglycolic acid(PGA) with polylactic acid(PLA) containing 10% flurbiprofen or tetracycline. The thickness of membrane was $150{\pm}30{\mu}m$, and the pore size of surface was about $8{\mu}m$ in diameter. The release of drugs from the membrane was measured in vitro. Cytotoxity test for the membrane was performed by gingival fibroblast cell culture, and the tissue response was observed after implant of membrane into the dorsal skin of the rat for 8 wks. Ability to guided tissue regeneration of membranes were tested by measuring new bone in the calvarial defects(5mm in diameter) of the rat for 5 weeks. The amount of flurbiprofen and tetracycline released from membrane were about 30-60% during 7 days. Minimal cytotoxity was observed in the membrane except 20% drug containing membrane. In histologic finding of rat dorsal skin, many inflammatory cells were observed around e-PTFE, polyglactin 910 and PLAPGA membrane after 1 or 2 weeks. PLA-PGA membrane was perforated by connective tissue after 4 or 6 weeks, and divided as a segment at 8 weeks. In bone regeneration guiding potential test, tetracycline loaded membrane was most effective (p