• Title/Summary/Keyword: Accuracy average effect

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Fatigue Reliability Evaluation of an In-service Steel Bridge Using Field Measurement Data (현장계측데이터를 활용한 공용 중 강교량의 피로 신뢰도평가)

  • Lee, Sang Hyeon;An, Lee-Sak;Park, Yeun Chul;Kim, Ho-Kyung
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.599-606
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    • 2022
  • Strain gauges and the bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) method are the representative field measurement methods used for fatigue evaluationsof a steel bridge-in-service. For a fatigue reliability evaluation to assess fatigue damage accumulation, the effective stress range and the number of stress cycles applied as the fatigue details can be estimated based on the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluations with the field measurement data of the target bridge. However, the procedure for estimating the effective stress range and the stress cycles from field measurement data has not been explicitly presented. Furthermore, studies that quantitatively compare differences in fatigue evaluation results according to the field measurement data type or processing method used are still insufficient. Here, a fatigue reliability evaluation is conducted using strain and BWIM data that are measured simultaneously. A frame model and a shell-solid model were generated to examine the effect of the accuracy of the structural analysis model when using BWIM data. Also, two methods of handling BWIM data when estimating the effective stress range and average daily cycles are defined. As a result, differences in evaluation results according to the type of field measurement data used, the accuracy of the structural analysis model, and the data handling method could be quantitatively confirmed.

Estimation of Surface Reflectance by Utilizing Single Visible Reflectance from COMS Meteorological Imager - Analysis of BAOD correction effect - (천리안위성 기상 탑재체의 가시 채널 관측을 이용한 지표면 반사도 산출 - 배경광학두께 보정의 효과 분석 -)

  • Kim, Mijin;Kim, Jhoon;Yoon, Jongmin
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.627-639
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    • 2014
  • Accurate correction of surface effect from back scattered solar radiance is one of key issue to retrieve aerosol information from satellite measurements. In this study, two different methods are applied to retrieve surface reflectance by using single visible channel measurement from meteorological imager onboard COMS. The first one is minimum reflectance method, which composes the minimum value among previously measured reflectances at each pixel over a certain search window length. This method assumes that the darkest pixel corresponds to the aerosol-free condition, and deduces surface reflectance by correcting atmospheric scattering from the measured visible reflectance. The second method, named as the "atmospheric correction method" in this study, estimates the result by correcting aerosol and atmospheric scattering with ground-based observation of aerosol optical properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the retrieval accuracy of the widelyused minimum reflectance method. Also, the retrieval error caused by the loading of background aerosol is mainly estimated. The comparison between surface reflectances retrieved from the two methods shows good agreement with the correlation coefficient of 0.87. However, the results from the minimum reflectance method are slightly overestimated than the values from the atmospheric correction method when surface reflectance is lower than 0.2. The average difference between the two results is 0.012 without the background aerosol correction. By considering the background aerosol effect, however, the difference is reduced to 0.010.

Effect of food waste properties on methane production (음식물쓰레기의 특성이 메탄생성량에 미치는 영향분석)

  • Lee, Soo Gwan;Choi, Hong Lim;Lee, Joon Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2014
  • The buffer capacity of food waste lowers during the collecting and transportation period. Food waste usually shows deficiency of micro nutrients especially molybdenum(Mo) and cobalt(Co). Therefore, food waste can be considered as a good mixture of livestock waste to enhance methane production. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between properties of substrates (local food waste and livestock manure) and methane yields for successive anaerobic fermentation process and its stable management. Food wastes were taken at an intermediate storage or treatment system provided by eight local authorities (Gangnam, Gangdong, Gwanak, Guro, Dongjak, Songpa, Yeongdeungpo, and Younsan) in Seoul. The solid content and potential methane yield of food wastes were average of 16% and $446.6STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$ (range from 334.8 to $567.5STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$) respectively. As for the beef cattle manure, the solid content and potential methane yield had an average of 26% and $280.6STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$ respectively. Potential methane yield had a positive correlation with fat content, and hydrogen content and a negative correlation with carbohydrate content ($r^2>0.8$). Therefore, the potential methane yield can be predicted based on the substrate characterization results with reasonable accuracy. Further research may be needed to investigate the relation of the properties of the mixture substrate and methane production rate. The mixtures may include food waste, livestock waste, and bulking agents (saw dust, rice hull, or agricultural byproducts etc.) to determine best combination of these substrates for maximum methane production rate.

Detection of Urban Trees Using YOLOv5 from Aerial Images (항공영상으로부터 YOLOv5를 이용한 도심수목 탐지)

  • Park, Che-Won;Jung, Hyung-Sup
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.38 no.6_2
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    • pp.1633-1641
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    • 2022
  • Urban population concentration and indiscriminate development are causing various environmental problems such as air pollution and heat island phenomena, and causing human resources to deteriorate the damage caused by natural disasters. Urban trees have been proposed as a solution to these urban problems, and actually play an important role, such as providing environmental improvement functions. Accordingly, quantitative measurement and analysis of individual trees in urban trees are required to understand the effect of trees on the urban environment. However, the complexity and diversity of urban trees have a problem of lowering the accuracy of single tree detection. Therefore, we conducted a study to effectively detect trees in Dongjak-gu using high-resolution aerial images that enable effective detection of tree objects and You Only Look Once Version 5 (YOLOv5), which showed excellent performance in object detection. Labeling guidelines for the construction of tree AI learning datasets were generated, and box annotation was performed on Dongjak-gu trees based on this. We tested various scale YOLOv5 models from the constructed dataset and adopted the optimal model to perform more efficient urban tree detection, resulting in significant results of mean Average Precision (mAP) 0.663.

A Study on the Effect of Using Sentiment Lexicon in Opinion Classification (오피니언 분류의 감성사전 활용효과에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Seungwoo;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.133-148
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    • 2014
  • Recently, with the advent of various information channels, the number of has continued to grow. The main cause of this phenomenon can be found in the significant increase of unstructured data, as the use of smart devices enables users to create data in the form of text, audio, images, and video. In various types of unstructured data, the user's opinion and a variety of information is clearly expressed in text data such as news, reports, papers, and various articles. Thus, active attempts have been made to create new value by analyzing these texts. The representative techniques used in text analysis are text mining and opinion mining. These share certain important characteristics; for example, they not only use text documents as input data, but also use many natural language processing techniques such as filtering and parsing. Therefore, opinion mining is usually recognized as a sub-concept of text mining, or, in many cases, the two terms are used interchangeably in the literature. Suppose that the purpose of a certain classification analysis is to predict a positive or negative opinion contained in some documents. If we focus on the classification process, the analysis can be regarded as a traditional text mining case. However, if we observe that the target of the analysis is a positive or negative opinion, the analysis can be regarded as a typical example of opinion mining. In other words, two methods (i.e., text mining and opinion mining) are available for opinion classification. Thus, in order to distinguish between the two, a precise definition of each method is needed. In this paper, we found that it is very difficult to distinguish between the two methods clearly with respect to the purpose of analysis and the type of results. We conclude that the most definitive criterion to distinguish text mining from opinion mining is whether an analysis utilizes any kind of sentiment lexicon. We first established two prediction models, one based on opinion mining and the other on text mining. Next, we compared the main processes used by the two prediction models. Finally, we compared their prediction accuracy. We then analyzed 2,000 movie reviews. The results revealed that the prediction model based on opinion mining showed higher average prediction accuracy compared to the text mining model. Moreover, in the lift chart generated by the opinion mining based model, the prediction accuracy for the documents with strong certainty was higher than that for the documents with weak certainty. Most of all, opinion mining has a meaningful advantage in that it can reduce learning time dramatically, because a sentiment lexicon generated once can be reused in a similar application domain. Additionally, the classification results can be clearly explained by using a sentiment lexicon. This study has two limitations. First, the results of the experiments cannot be generalized, mainly because the experiment is limited to a small number of movie reviews. Additionally, various parameters in the parsing and filtering steps of the text mining may have affected the accuracy of the prediction models. However, this research contributes a performance and comparison of text mining analysis and opinion mining analysis for opinion classification. In future research, a more precise evaluation of the two methods should be made through intensive experiments.

Optimal Localization through DSA Distortion Correction for SRS

  • Shin, Dong-Hoon;Suh, Tae-Suk;Huh, Soon-Nyung;Son, Byung-Chul;Lee, Hyung-Koo;Choe, Bo-Young;Shinn, Kyung-Sub
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2000
  • In Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), there are three imaging methods of target localization, such as digital subtraction Angiography (DSA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Especially, DSA and MR images have a distortion effect generated by each modality. In this research, image properties of DSA were studied. A first essential condition in SRS is an accurate information of target locations, since high dose used to treat a patient may give a complication on critical organ and normal tissue. Hut previous localization program did not consider distortion effect which was caused by image intensifier (II) of DSA. A neurosurgeon could not have an accurate information of target locations to operate a patient. In this research, through distortion correction, we tried to calculate accurate target locations. We made a grid phantom to correct distortion, and a target phantom to evaluate localization algorithm. The grid phantom was set on the front of II, and DSA images were obtained. Distortion correction methods consist of two parts: 1. Bilinear transform for geometrical correction and bilinear interpolation for gray level correction. 2. Automatic detection method for calculating locations of grid crosses, fiducial markers, and target balls. Distortion was corrected by applying bilinear transform and bilinear interpolation to anterior-posterior and left-right image, and locations of target and fiducial markers were calculated by the program developed in this study. Localization errors were estimated by comparing target locations calculated in DSA images with absolute locations of target phantom. In the result, the error in average with and without distortion correction is $\pm$0.34 mm and $\pm$0.41 mm respectively. In conclusion, it could be verified that our localization algorithm has an improved accuracy and acceptability to patient treatment.

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Influence of Ischemic Lesions on $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT Findings in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease ($^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT를 이용한 알쯔하이머병의 진단에서 허혈성 뇌병변이 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Kyung-Han;Lee, Myung-Chul;Lee, Dong-Soo;Kwon, June-Soo;Kim, Jong-Ho;Chung, June-Key;Woo, Jong-In;Koh, Chang-Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.282-292
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    • 1994
  • Brain perfusion SPECT shows typical regional perfusion abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease(AD) and is useful for its diagnosis. However, there is also arguement that these patterns show significant overlap with other causes, and the accuracy for SPECT in differentiating AD has shown conflicting results. We postulate that the variation in re-ported results are partly due to a difference in patient or control selection with special reference to the mixture of ischemic cerebral disease in the studied population. To deter-mine the effect of ischemic lesions and the nature of control subjects on SPECT studies for AD, we performed $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 11 probable AD patients with a low (<4) Hachinski ischemic score and 12 non-demented age matched controls. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) disclosed ischemic cerebral lesions in 27% (3/11) of the PAD group and 25% (3/12) of the control group. Regional perfusion indices were quantitated from the SPECT images as follows and the distribution of perfusion indices from both groups were compared. This was repeated with controls after excluding those with significant ischemic lesions by MRI : regional perfusion index = average regional count/average cerebellar count All PAD patients showed perfusion abnormality in SPECT. However, 53% (10/12) of controls also showed perfusion at-normalities, and no pattern could reliably differentiate the two groups. After excluding controls with significant cerebral ischemia, the difference in temporal and parietal perfusion index was increased. A decreased tempore-parietal and any parietal or temporal per-fusion index had a sensitivity of 18% and 36% in detecting AD, respectively. When using a separate group of normal age mathced controls, the indices showed an even more difference in the temporal and parietal lobes and the sensitivity of a decreased tempore-parietal and any parietal or temporal perfusion index had a sensitivity of 36% and 55% in detecting AD, respectively. Thus, the type of control with special reference to the pres-once of ischemic cerebral lesions contribute significantly to the accuracy of perfusion SPECT in diagnosing AD. This nay have particular importance in the diagnosis of AD in populations where the prevalance of cerebrovascular disease is high.

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Dosimetric Analysis of Respiratory-Gated RapidArc with Varying Gating Window Times (호흡연동 래피드아크 치료 시 빔 조사 구간 설정에 따른 선량 변화 분석)

  • Yoon, Mee Sun;Kim, Yong-Hyeob;Jeong, Jae-Uk;Nam, Taek-Keun;Ahn, Sung-Ja;Chung, Woong-Ki;Song, Ju-Young
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2015
  • The gated RapidArc may produce a dosimetric error due to the stop-and-go motion of heavy gantry which can misalign the gantry restart position and reduce the accuracy of important factors in RapidArc delivery such as MLC movement and gantry speed. In this study, the effect of stop-and-go motion in gated RapidArc was analyzed with varying gating window time, which determines the total number of stop-and-go motions. Total 10 RapidArc plans for treatment of liver cancer were prepared. The RPM gating system and the moving phantom were used to set up the accurate gating window time. Two different delivery quality assurance (DQA) plans were created for each RapidArc plan. One is the portal dosimetry plan and the other is MapCHECK2 plan. The respiratory cycle was set to 4 sec and DQA plans were delivered with three different gating conditions: no gating, 1-sec gating window, and 2-sec gating window. The error between calculated dose and measured dose was evaluated based on the pass rate calculated using the gamma evaluation method with 3%/3 mm criteria. The average pass rates in the portal dosimetry plans were $98.72{\pm}0.82%$, $94.91{\pm}1.64%$, and $98.23{\pm}0.97%$ for no gating, 1-sec gating, and 2-sec gating, respectively. The average pass rates in MapCHECK2 plans were $97.80{\pm}0.91%$, $95.38{\pm}1.31%$, and $97.50{\pm}0.96%$ for no gating, 1-sec gating, and 2-sec gating, respectively. We verified that the dosimetric accuracy of gated RapidArc increases as gating window time increases and efforts should be made to increase gating window time during the RapidArc treatment process.

Lip Contour Detection by Multi-Threshold (다중 문턱치를 이용한 입술 윤곽 검출 방법)

  • Kim, Jeong Yeop
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.9 no.12
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    • pp.431-438
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    • 2020
  • In this paper, the method to extract lip contour by multiple threshold is proposed. Spyridonos et. el. proposed a method to extract lip contour. First step is get Q image from transform of RGB into YIQ. Second step is to find lip corner points by change point detection and split Q image into upper and lower part by corner points. The candidate lip contour can be obtained by apply threshold to Q image. From the candidate contour, feature variance is calculated and the contour with maximum variance is adopted as final contour. The feature variance 'D' is based on the absolute difference near the contour points. The conventional method has 3 problems. The first one is related to lip corner point. Calculation of variance depends on much skin pixels and therefore the accuracy decreases and have effect on the split for Q image. Second, there is no analysis for color systems except YIQ. YIQ is a good however, other color systems such as HVS, CIELUV, YCrCb would be considered. Final problem is related to selection of optimal contour. In selection process, they used maximum of average feature variance for the pixels near the contour points. The maximum of variance causes reduction of extracted contour compared to ground contours. To solve the first problem, the proposed method excludes some of skin pixels and got 30% performance increase. For the second problem, HSV, CIELUV, YCrCb coordinate systems are tested and found there is no relation between the conventional method and dependency to color systems. For the final problem, maximum of total sum for the feature variance is adopted rather than the maximum of average feature variance and got 46% performance increase. By combine all the solutions, the proposed method gives 2 times in accuracy and stability than conventional method.

Application of microwave water surface current meter for measuring agricultural water intake (농업용수 사용량 계측을 위한 전자파 표면유속계의 적용)

  • Baek, Jongseok;Kim, Chiyoung;Lee, Kisung;Kang, Hyunwoong;Song, Jaehyun
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.53 no.12
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    • pp.1071-1079
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    • 2020
  • For integrated water management, it is essential to secure basic data such as the amount of agricultural water intake. The river water intake through the intake weir is carried out through the agricultural irrigation canal, and a method for measuring the quantity of water intake is required to suit the characteristics of the measuring points. In this study, the accuracy of the calculated flow data was determined by applying a microwave water surface current meter. The microwave water surface current meter is a method of calculating surface velocity using doppler effect, which is mainly used in high-velocities situations such as flood. Surface velocity is difficult to represent the average velocity of the entire section at low dicharges or high wind speeds, it is considered to be low in continuous utilization throughout the year, and it is necessary to verify whether the measurement using an microwave water surface curren meter is appropriate in agricultural irrigation canal. The data measured with an microwave water surface curren meter were compared with the actual flow data to calculate the intake data in agricultural irrigation canal. In agricultural irrigation canal, the low-level discharge calculated using an microwave water surface current meter at a minimum velocity of about 0.3 m/s and a minimum discharge of about 1.0 m3/s or higher was found to have a high tendency and accuracy compared to the standard discharge, especially when the high discharge was high. Although effective results can be obtained in terms of quantity at low discharge, it is deemed that subsequent studies are needed to calculate the average discharge of the cross section at low discharge, given that the trend of data is unstable. Through this study, it is suggested that it is appropriate to calculate the amount of water intake through the microwave water surface current meter in artificial waterways with a certain discharge or higher, so it is expected to be widely distributed as a method for measuring river water intake.