• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of top dressing on the thatch losses in bentgrass (Agrostis palustris). Top dressing materials used were clay loam, sand, zeolite, and sawdust. Data were taken on July 10 ($T_1$), Aug. 7 (($T_2$ ) and Sept. 4 (($T_3$) respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The dry weight of accumulated thatch was significantly different between treatments and dates of survery, and for the interaction of treatment x date of survey. 2. The dry weight of accumulated thatch showed a tendency to decrease as growth progressed in all treatments. (Table 1) The dry weight of accumulated thatch was the smallest at sand but the largest at clay loam in each date of survey. 3. The losses rate of accumulated thatch showed a tendency to slightly increase as affected by top dressing materials. (Table 2) Sand showed a significantly higher losses rate of accumulated thatch than that of other treatments. 4. The dry weight of accumulated thatch showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.01) with the losses rate of accumulated thatch. (Fig. 1) 5. Turf coverage was significant difference between treatments and dates of survey. 6. Turf coverage showed a tendency to increase as growth progressed in all treatments. (Table 3) 7. Turf coverage indicated significant negative correlation (p<0.001) with the dry weight of accumulated thatch. (Fig. 2)

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

For maintaining railroad, accumulated passing tonnage is a determinant factor of appropriate rail replacement time. Recently, Seoul Metro's rail maintaining system and technology is being improved from previous years, which increasing a standard of rail replacement. Thus, this brings importance of estimating and managing for accumulated passing tonnage. In case of light weighted train such as subway, current method of calculating accumulated passing tonnage has defaults of misrepresenting accumulated passing tonnage data. Because current method is based on the weight of passengers and train., and operation data. In addition, currently there is no mechanical and electronic system that could represent and support the accurate data between heavy and non-heavy traffic area, and accumulated passing tonnage is calculated inaccurately by estimating average value each line. The current method of calculating accumulated passing tonnage misleads to unpredictable data that represent inappropriate rail replacement period, which leads to under or over analyzed replacement period. If accumulated passing tonnage is over estimated, rail replacement leads to waste of budget. Hence, it is necessary to construct reliable actual measurement system to manage rail's life safely and efficiently, and in this study the accumulated passing tonnage measurement device is installed with using rail pad of optical fiber sensors and its effect is analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Recently, interest in artificial intelligence has increased due to the development of artificial intelligence fields such as ChatGPT and self-driving cars. However, there are still many unknown elements in training process of artificial intelligence, so that optimizing the model requires more time and effort than it needs. Therefore, there is a need for a tool or methodology that can analyze the weight changes during the training process of artificial intelligence and help out understatnding those changes. In this research, I propose a visualization system which helps people to understand the accumulated weight changes. The system calculates the weights for each training period to accumulates weight changes and stores accumulated weight changes to plot them in 3D space. This research will allow us to explore different aspect of artificial intelligence learning process, such as understanding how the model get trained and providing us an indicator on which hyperparameters should be changed for better performance. These attempts are expected to explore better in artificial intelligence learning process that is still considered as unknown and contribute to the development and application of artificial intelligence models.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2010

This study is to analyze effects of the growth of Chunhyang Young Radish (CYR) and Altari Radish (AR) according to the exposure for 31 days at low dose ${\beta}$-rays. This test has one contrast sample and eleven test samples each as to AR and CYR. The seeds from contrast and test sample were planted in the culture soil after 8 seeds were chosen from each with identical condition. The accumulated dose of test samples has been measured at consistent time on a daily basis for 31 days. The growing process and germination have been measured twice at consistent time in each week. The number of leaves, length of first leave and weight have been acquired average value by measuring for 20 and 25 days, respectively after being planted. The result of test sample in case of 25 days shows that 5% increase in length and 36% increase in weight for AR each at accumulated dose 0.01 Gy compared to the contrast sample. And the length of CYR has increased by 13~17% and 1% at accumulated dose 0.01~0.08 Gy and 0.3 Gy compared to the contrast sample. For the weight at accumulated dose 0.05 Gy and 0.23 Gy has increased by 36% and 2% compared to contrast sample. As to the number of leaves, AR has increased by 0~50% at accumulated dose 0.01-0.32 Gy compared to contrast sample. It also shows that the CYR has increased to 0~67% at accumulated dose 0.01-0.62 Gy compared to contrast sample. As a result of this study, it indicates that both AR and CYR has generally increased in their length, weight, and the number of leaves at low level accumulated dose part 0.01~0.2 Gy. The size of cell, area of nucleus and density of cell for test sample has been observed quite similar to the ones from contrast sample through microscope. In conclusion, AR and CYR irradiated by ${\beta}$-rays have estimated that they are achieved a rapid growth at low level accumulated dose region corresponding to its radiation hormesis theory. Further studies need to confirm the correlation between the radiation hormesis and the growth of the plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 1987

Effects of application time And rate of chlorine on the chlorine absorption and distribution at different stalk positions of the plants were Investigated in burley tobacco grown under the pot condition. Treatment consisted of 6 application times (from 2 weeks before transplanting to 8 weeks after transplanting with 2 weeks' interval) and 2 application rates (2g and 4g-KCl/pot) by 6X2 factorial experimental design. The tobacco plants took up the chlorine rapidly just after chlorine application, and the chlorine content of leaf was increased proportionally to the rate of chlorine application. The chlorine was accumulated when much in lower leaves when chlorine was applied early, while the chlorine accumulated much in upper leaves when chlorine was applied late. The chlorine content of leaf was negatively correlated to the degree of brightness, red color and yellow color of cured leaf. Significant Increases In cured leaf ratio, leaf thickness, leaf weight and weight Per unit leaf area of harvested leaf were obtained with increased chlorine application. When the chlorine was applied early, the leaf weight showed Increasing tendency.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1982

This study was carried out in order to clarify the combined effect of cadmium and lead on rat bones when exposed to single metal (1 mg cd/kg body weight) and cambined metals (1 mg cd + 4 mg pb/kg body weight). Seventy five mature rats of Sprague-Dawley species were divided into a control group and a treatment group that were administered by daily peritoneum injection for 7 to 9 weeds, and their body weights were measured every week. The results were summarized as follows 1. Body weight gains of the combined injection group and the single injection groups were lower than that of the control group. 2. In case of the combined injection group, the amount of cadmium accumulated in femur was more than that of the cadmium group. These amounts of cadmium accumulated showed an increasing trend. 3. The lead amount in bone tissue of the combined injection group presented also an increasing trend. In this case, the additive action of cadmium to the lead accumulation in bone tissue was conspicuous. 4. The amounts of calcium and phosphorus in femur showed clear a decreasing trend in the cadmium group and combined administration group. The ratio of calcium and phosphorus (ca/p) in the cadmium group was not different from that of the control group, but in the combined injection group the ratio was a little lower.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.295-306
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to develop an internet nutritional counseling program using an expert system to assist obese people to lose weight through behavior modification. The internet counseling program for weight loss was developed by the accumulation of knowledge dealing with eating habits and exercising behaviors in expert system tool, Knowledge Engineering Agent (KEA) by a dietitian without any help of computer expert. To accumulate knowledge into KEA, survey was performed in 150 obese people, dietitians reviewed and consulted each survey case, and the consulted contents were learned and accumulated into KEA. Survey questionnaire was the same as that of the internet consulting program, and it included general characteristics, dietary habits, lifestyle, and exercise patterns related to obesity. Also, the dietitian selected proper factors inferred from the survey questionnaire of each case, and added the conclusions for them. Conclusions were made for helping clients to correct bad eating behaviors and accumulate good behaviors to lose weight. Counseling was divided into two parts; a two-week part and a daily part. Two-week counseling was performed based on 4 step questionnaires, and daily counseling was done for daily food consumption and physical activity. When clients answered survey questionnaires in a counseling internet program, the recommendations on how to eat, to exercise and to deal with stress in a real time for each case, was given. In conclusion, a counseling internet program for weight reduction can be used to give advices how to deal with obesity in a man-to-man way in a real time using KEA where nutritional knowledge based on behavior modification for weight loss was accumulated.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2009

This experiment was conduced to clarify the effects of growth temperature and radiation on grain weight increase and grain nitrogen accumulation in rice. Final grain weight became heavy and grain-filling duration shortened with radiation increase during grain-filling period (GFP). In addition, grain nitrogen accumulated duration during GFP was influenced strongly, but final grain nitrogen content was influenced slightly by accumulated radiation (AR). Accumulated effective temperature (AET) described well variation of grain weight (GW) and grain nitrogen content (GN), but GW and GN showed large variation under different radiation during GFP, when related with AET or AR, indicating that there was a limiting in describing variation of GW and GN by any single factor between AET and AR. However, AET multiplied by AR could describe relatively well the variations of GW and GN regardless of radiation during GFP.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 1986

Obesity is common disease resultly accumulated excess fat. In the model for obesity induced by high fat diet contains 30% fat, administration of ginseng extract inhibited increment of body weight, epididymal fat pads and enlargement of fat cell size. This was as the result of inhibition of lipogenesis in the liver and fat accumulation in the adipose tissues.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate weight changes in women during the period of TAC (docetaxel-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy after breast surgery and the differences in weight changes by disease characteristics among Korean women with breast cancer. Methods: The design of this study was retrospective survey research. The subjects of this study were 130 patients with fully completed TAC chemotherapy between January 2012 and April 2015. Body weight before their operation, and at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks, 12 weeks, 15 weeks, and 18 weeks after surgery, as well as general and disease characteristics, were reviewed via their medical charts. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.2 years. The preoperative (baseline) mean weight was $59.4{\pm}8.44$. Significant weight losses were observed in the initial (1st 3 week) period of TAC chemotherapy compared to the baseline and significant weight losses were observed with the exception of the period 6 weeks after breast surgery. There were significant differences in mean weight changes according to the stage of breast cancer, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy among disease characteristics. Conclusion: It is necessary to study weight changes after breast surgery for the long periods of TAC chemotherapy. Through the accumulated results of studies, nursing programs for breast cancer patients must be developed for the prevention of weight gain in the periods of TAC chemotherapy.