• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Objectives: This paper is intended to illustrate and to discuss the organization and functioning of community resident groups (CRGs) in a community-based participatory health promotion program for healthy aging. Methods: CRGs were convened in 12 government-subsidized apartment communities for low-income seniors in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., to promote healthy aging. Researchers facilitated CRG meetings following a 6-step process of community empowerment and utilizing a social ecological model for assessment and planning. Almost 200 project-related documents were qualitatively analyzed using matrix analysis principles such as cross-classification of multiple dimensions to identify patterns in the data and matrix building for displaying such patterns. Results: CRGs were venues at which apartment building residents could interact, discuss health priorities, and become change agents in their building. CRG members' community health priorities were about their daily living, including building conditions, poor access to fresh food, and unhealthy resident relations. Specific patterns arose in analysis indicating that leadership withing the CRGs, consistency of meetings and participants' attendance, and ability to link health concerns to daily experience impacted the CRGs' capability to identify and accomplish their goals. Conclusion: Community health issues and solutions to those issues identified by CRGs were unique to community contexts and interests. Consistent participation by community members, a consistent pattern of group activities such as monthly meetings, and having established leadership to manage CRG activities were prominent characteristics of community group functioning.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2006

The exploitation of metagenome, the access to the natural extant of enormous potential resources, is the way for elucidating the functions of organism in environmental communities, for genomic analyses of uncultured microorganism, and also for the recovery of entirely novel natural products from microbial communities. The major breakthrough in metagenomics is opened by the construction of libraries with total DNAs directly isolated from environmental samples and screening of these libraries by activity and sequence-based approaches. Screening with activity-based approach is presumed as a plausible route for finding new catabolic genes under designed conditions without any prior sequence information. The main limitation of these approaches, however, is the very low positive hits in a single round of screening because transcription, translation and appropriate folding are not always possible in E. coli, a typical surrogate host. Thus, to obtain information about these obstacles, we studied the genetic organization of individual URF's(unidentified open reading frame from metagenome sequenced and deposited in GenBank), especially on the expression factors such as codon usage, promoter region and ribosome binding site(rbs), based on DNA sequence analyses using bioinformatics tools. And then we also investigated the above-mentioned properties for 4100 ORFs(Open Reading Frames) of E. coli K-12 generally used as a host cell for the screening of noble genes from metagenome. Finally, we analyzed the differences between the properties of URFs of metagenome and ORFs of E. coli. Information derived from these comparative metagenomic analyses can provide some specific features or environmental blueprint available to screen a novel biocatalyst efficiently.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.3-19
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• 2011

Nagoya Protocol designed to establish criteria about material trade of biological genetic resources(ABS) was adopted in the 10th conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. In the course of the negotiation for adoption of the protocol, there was conflict between developed and developing countries, resource-rich and poor countries, and multinational corporations and environmentalists. This study investigates conflict process, subjects, issues and major factors in the negotiation case, and analyzes the negotiation by using the Conflict Management Process. To develope conflict management strategies for various conflict cases, we examine previous studies and analyze the intersectional conflict factors of this case and general cases, such as Fundamental side, Resource-allocation side, and Communication/Information-sharing side. These analyses of conflict prevention/resolution of the ABS negotiation show the importance of building mutual trust among stakeholders, enhancing mediator training, and constructing appropriate legislative/policy systems for successful conflict management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.898-905
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• 2019

As the positive feedback between the absorption of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and acceleration of ice melt can impact the aquatic biota and dynamic heat budget, long-term monitoring of the CDOM variation in the polar ocean is necessary. However, the monitoring of CDOM is not easy because of harsh weather and difficult access, especially in the Antarctic Ocean. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find a suitable long-term monitoring site for CDOM variation; we selected Maxwell Bay and Marian Cove at Sejong Base and horizontal and vertical distributions of CDOM were measured. After a 72 hr time-series measurement test of the CDOM variation at Sejong Dock and Sejong Cape in Maxwell Bay, Sejong Dock was selected, as it does not haveland discharge effects. The seasonal variation of CDOM was evident and the average CDOM concentration of Maxwell Bay was comparable with the adjacent sea. The CDOM at Sejong Dock from February to November 2010 was the highest in the fall and winter and the lowest during spring and summer. Thus, based on our one-year CDOM data, we suggest that Sejong Dock in Maxwell Bay is suitable for long-term monitoring of CDOM as an indicator of photochemical and biological environmental change and an important factor in determining the heating budget in the Antarctic Ocean.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-121
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• 2006

Inter-Korean exchanges using civil aviation has been continuing since the temporary direct air route from Pyongyang to Seoul was opened on June 15th, 2000 for the summit meeting with North Korea. In this paper, I analyze the North Korea Aviation law by focusing on the differences with South Korean Aviation law. While South Korean Aviation law is modeled on the Pandect system, North Korean Aviation law can only be understood by looking at North Korea's socialist ideology. Therefore, North Korean Aviation law has some expressions which can hardly be understood. With respect to the source of aviation law, both South and North Korea are in compliance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Signed at Chicago, on 7 December, 1944). Thus, they established the aviation law based on the standards and recommendations provided by ICAO. For this reason, they have similar legal systems and composition. From this analysis, a few differences are also derived regarding aircraft ownership, airports, airline liability, aircraft accident investigation organization and aviation insurance. It is important to note that this paper has a particular limitation. Not only is the information about North Korean law very limited, but North Korea also does not provide easy access to its national legal codes. This paper describes the legal comparison of South and North Korea by focusing on the formation and framework of North Korean aviation law.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.911-918
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• 2014

Over the past few years, security breaches have been consistently reported around the world. Especially, people's personal information are at risk of being breached as the firms gather and utilize the information for their marketing purposes. As an effort to revamp their data infrastructures, companies have rebuilt their system that almost every data, including the personal information, are stored within the digital database. However, this migration provides easier access to the database but it has also increased the system vulnerability. As the data can be easily exposed to the unauthorized personnel both intentionally and unintentionally, it is necessary for companies to establish a set of security protocol and operate the personal information protection system. There are two major certified security system in South Korea; PIMS from KISA and PIPL from NIA. This paper analyzes the preferences of SMEs and small business using conjoint attributes of PIMS and PIPL. The study shows that the business owners take post certification rewards as the most important factor. It also shows that the attributes that have the highest utility rates are the following; 1) KISA certification, 2) 79 points of protection counter measurements, 3) 28 items of life cycle, 3) 50 percent discount on certification fee, and 4) Reduced amount of fine for personal information leakage incident.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.3 s.99
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• pp.429-436
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• 2005

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure or my form of centralized administration such as access points and base stations. The ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) protocol is an on-demand routing protocol for MANETs, which is one of the Internet-Drafts submitted to the Internet engineering task force (IETF) MANET working group. This paper proposes a new multipath routing protocol called maximally disjoint multipath AODV (MDAODV), which exploits maximally node- and link-disjoint paths and outperforms the conventional multipath protocol based on AODV as well as the basic AODV protocol. The key idea is to extend only route request (RREQ) message by adding source routing information and to make the destination node select two paths from multiple RREQs received for a predetermined time period. Compared to the conventional multipath routing protocol, the proposed MDAODV provides more reliable and robust routing paths and higher performance. It also makes the destination node determine the maximally node- and link-disjoint paths, reducing the overhead incurred at intermediate nodes. Our extensive simulation study shows that the proposed MDAODV outperforms the conventional multipath routing protocol based on AODV in terms of packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay, and reduces routing overhead.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.2B
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

TCP/IP protocols have been implemented in software program running on CPU in end systems. As the increased demand of fast protocol processing, it is required to implement the protocols in hardware, and Host Interface is responsible for communication between external CPU and the hardware blocks of TCP/IP implementation. The Host Interface follows AMBA AHB specification for the communication with external world. For control flow, the Host Interface behaves as a slave of AMBA AHB. Using internal Command/status Registers, the Host Interface receives commands from CPU and transfers hardware status and header information to CPU. On the other hand, the Host Interface behaves as a master for data flow. Data flow has two directions, Receive Flow and Transmit Flow. In Receive Flow, using internal RxFIFO, the Host Interface reads data from UDP FIFO or TCP buffer and transfers data to external RAM for CPU to read. For Transmit Flow, the Host Interface reads data from external RAM and transfers data to UDP buffer or TCP buffer through internal TxFIFO. TCP/IP hardware blocks generate packets using the data and transmit. Buffer Descriptor is one of the Command/Status Registers, and the information stored in Buffer Descriptor is used for external RAM access. Several testcases are designed to verify TCP/IP functions. The Host Interface is synthesized using the 0.18 micron technology, and it results in 173 K gates including the Command/status Registers and internal FIFOs.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2000

This study attempts to explore the relationships of Korean Immigrants with New Zealand agricultural environment, their choice of agricultural occupations and adjustments. New Zealand, based on agricultural products in its economy, was one of the richest countries during the 1950s and 1960s because of its dependency in market to United Kingdom Since 1971 when U.K joined the European Community, its economy was no more strong enough to support the living conditions in the 1950's and 1960's. Therefore, New Zealand Government initiated some programme to assist its farmers. Such supports resulted in severe financial problems of the country. Thus, reforms removing almost all support programmes has been proceeded after 1984. Though horticulture is still lower in New Zealand's exports of agricultural products, its growth has been remarkable. This was results due to the contribution of smallholdings, along with migration from city to urban fringe occurred during the 1970's and 1980's. In the 1900's it has been known that horticulture in the smallholding takes a hard works for old ages, who required further partitions their lands. Meanwhile, the rapid growth of Korean immigrants to New Zealand in the 1900's has been occurred, and this study shows one or two years periods in the search of job in case of Korean farmers. The most attractiveness in agriculture for them was that it provides simultaneously both jobs and housing. Korean farmers' land use succeeds previous owner's land use, and concentrates on green house agriculture cultivating mainly tomato and cucumber. The size of land is quite small and not comparable to New Zealand's average size, but a satisfactory levels are rather high and successful in evaluating themselves concerning current occupations, even though they have rarely experienced about agriculture before. Korean farmers attributes a high satisfaction to agricultural techniques learned from previous owners and a related support authority. The results of this study showed that Korean farmers has been absorbed into New Zealand economy rather than Korean economy. Finally, it has been pointed that the growth of Korean farmers and agriculture in New Zealand is the results of complex factors such as occupations, children's educational opportunity, and the access to the city.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

The most important issue the online shopping mall for clothes is facing in the rapid growth of the online shopping mali is the high rate of the return of the goods alter purchase. The high rate of the return leads to the dissatisfaction md lack of trust from the consumers in the online shopping mall for clothes, which in turn leads to the bleak prospect for the online shopping mall for clothes as a result of the consumers' dissatisfaction. Although a type of online shopping mall using the cyber-fitting technology has emerged recently, it has succeeded only in provoking a visual interest, for it is also not satisfying the demand of the consumers by falling short in providing information. Thus, this research seeks for the resolutions of the problems related to the user-oriented online shopping. First of the resolutions is the development of a new prototype which the consumers can easily access; second is the visualization of the information using the 3D virtual-reality of he prototype through interface, which will help the consumers to make more accurate judgments. In other words, this study seeks to provide a type of prototype of an online shopping mall that meets the demand of the consumers using the 3D avatars, unlike the unilateral and conventional malls out there.