• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1580-1584
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• 2001

A study was conducted to estimate the nutritive value of some selected acacia forages using palatability index, in sacco degradability and in vitro gas production characteristics. Ten wethers (mean wt. $18{\pm}3.5kg$) were offered Acacia tortilis, Acacia nilotica, Acacia mellifera, Acacia brevispica, Acacia Senegal and Leucaena leucocephala (control) using a cafeteria system to determine the species preference by the animals. The acacia species were rich in nitrogen and showed variable palatability pattern. Significant (p<0.05) differences in relative palatability index (RPI) were detected among the species with the following ranking: brevispica > leucaena > mellifera > tortilis > Senegal > nilotica. Acacia nilotica appeared to be of low relative palatability with RPI of 24% and this was attributed to relatively high phenolic concentrations. The DM potential degradability (B) and rate of degradation (c) of the species were significantly (p<0.05) different, ranging from 40.1 to 59.1% and 0.0285 to 0.0794/h respectively. Acacia species had moderate levels of rumen undegradable protein, much higher than that in leucaena. In vitro gas production results indicated the effect of polyphenolic compounds on the fermentation rate, with lower gas production recorded from A. nilotica and tortilis. Based on RPI, A. brevispica and mellifera were superior to the rest and comparable to L. leucocephala. Long-term feeding trials are required with the superior species when used as protein supplements to poor quality diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.935-940
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of selected fruits (pods and seeds) and leaves of acacia tree species namely; Acacia nubica (nubica), Acacia tortilis (tortilis) and Acacia brevispica (brevispica), Acacia reficiens (reficiens) and Acacia senegal (senegal). A wide variability in chemical composition, polyphenolics and gas production was recorded. The crude protein (CP) ranged from 131 to 238 g/kg DM. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (ADL) were higher in senegal and significantly different (p<0.05) from other species. The nitrogen bound to fiber tended to be higher in leaves than the fruits, ranging from 2.6 to 11.3 g/kg NDF and 1.6 to 3.2 g/kg ADF. The leaves of reficiens and senegal had higher concentrations of total extractable phenolics (TEPH), total extractable tannins (TET) and total condensed tannins (TCT), but lower in NDF, ADF and ADL than the fruits of nubica, tortilis and brevispica. Mineral concentrations varied among species; all were relatively poor in phosphorus, moderate in calcium and magnesium, and rich in microelements. A significant (p<0.05) variation in gas production after 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h was recorded between species. Nubica had the highest (p<0.05) rate of gas production (0.0925) while the highest potential gas production was recorded in tortilis. A strong negative correlation between TEPH and TET with gas production after 24, 48, 72 and 96 was established (r=-0.72 to -0.82). Crude protein and TCT correlated negatively but also weakly with gas production characteristics. Organic matter digestibility calculated from gas production after 48 h (OMD48) ranged between 465 g/kg DM in reficiens and 611 g/kg DM in tortilis. The results of this study indicate that acacia species have the potential to be used as feed supplements.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.28-37
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of plant management based on Robinia pseudo-acacia forests structure in Bucheon city, Korea. For 38 plots were established in Robinia pseudo-acacia forest of Bucheon city. As a result, Robinia pseudo-acacia community was expected to the proceeded to Quercus spp. community. In addition, the diversity of Robinia pseudo-acacia-Quercus spp. community was analyzed higher than Robinia pseudo-acacia community. Based on the result of forest structure analysis, Quercus spp. community was selected as the goal stage of plant management for Bucheon forests and 22 species that were selected by the importance value analysis, classification and ordination analysis and the correlation analysis were chosen as the ecological approprite species. This study also suggested density control guide line for sucession promotion, which individuals numbers of Robinia pseudo-acacia might be reduced from 50 individuals to 23 individuals by selective cutting in order to keep 65% of total basal area.

• 한국잔디학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잔디학회 2002년도 제15차 한국잔디학회 정기총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.3-5
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• 2002

This study was carried out to get better understandings about morphological, ecological, and genetical characteristics of annual bluegrass collected from different golf courses in Korea and eventually to establish a successful control strategy. Twenty five local lines of annual bluegrass collected from 20 golf courses in Korea were classified into annual or perennial type on the basis of morphological characteristics. Twelve local lines showing obvious morphological differences were selected and then genetically assessed using RAPD analysis. Classification of the 12 local lines through RAPD analysis were considerably similar to that determined by both of morphological differences and phenotype. Responses of the two types of annual blugrass to herbicides were also examined. Shoot growth of annual bluegrass was significantly suppressed by flazasulfuron and the annual type was more susceptible than perennial type, regardless of flazasulfuron concentrations used. By pendimethalin treatment, there was no clear difference in susceptibility between the two types of annual bluegrass. However, by the treatment of dithiopyr, annual type was more sensitive than perennial type in both shoot and root growth. Nine tree species were screened to detect their allelopathic potential on turfgrasses and annual bluegrass. Acacia (Robinia pseudo-acacia) leaves showed selective inhibition in the shoot and root growth as well as their seed germination when treated with 2% and 10%(v/v) of the extract. However, the other leaf extracts except acacia inhibited non-selectively the growth of three turfgrass species such as bentgrass, perennial ryegrass and zoysiagrass and annual bluegrass. The PAL activities of annual bluegrass increased at 24 h after treatment of acacia leaf extract and peaked at 36 h and then decreased till 60h. The highest PAL activity was observed at 36h after treatment of 10%. The highest activity of CA4H in annual bluegrass was observed at 2h after treatment of acacia extract and the level was 4 times greater than that of the control. The phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid and ferulic acid were increased with the treatment of acacia leaf extract. The chloroplast membrane and cell wall of annual bluegrass were destroyed by treatment of acacia leaf extract and its inner materials were released. The membranes in annual bluegrass cells might be destroyed by phytotoxic compounds from acacia leaf extract.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

Multiple regression equations (Rehman et al. 2000) have been developed to predict the salinity tolerance of Acacia seeds, expressed as the I$\sub$50/ (the concentration of NaCl required to reduce final germination to 50% of the control value in DW). Accurate predictions can be made using one or more chemical and biological seed parameters. In this study the theoretical effect of varying final germination percentage in distilled water, germination rate in distilled water. (Rate), Ca$\^$2+/ or K$\^$+/ contents and their ratios, as independent factors or related factors, on the predicted salinity tolerance (I$\sub$50/) of Acacia species was investigated. Simulation of the effects of changing final germination, rate, calcium and potassium suggest the possibility of practical application of these results to modify the salinity tolerance of seeds. The predicted I$\sub$50/ increased with increasing final germination. Similarly, the higher the rate of germination, the higher the predicted salt tolerance of Acacia species. The Ca$\^$2+/ content of seeds was found to be positively correlated with I$\sub$50/. Species with higher Ca$\^$2+/ contents had a higher I$\sub$50/. This suggests that I$\sub$50/ might be increased by increasing the Ca$\^$2+/ contents of seeds by pretreatment with calcium salts or by supplying these to the mother plants.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2006

Marginal soils such as BRlS (Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales) soils and ex-tin mining land make up approximately 0.5 million ha or about 2% of Malaysia's land area. In the coastal areas of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia impoverished sandy BRIS dominates the landscape with most lying idle as there is no national management plan for their utilization. A field study was carried out to see whether mycorrhizal application had any effect on the growth of three exotic Acacia spp., i.e. Acacia auriculiformis, A. mangium and Acacia hybrid (A. auriculiformis ${\times}$ A. mangium) on BRIS soils. Two types of mycorrhizal inoculum, namely, a commercially available arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum marketed as $MycoGold^{TM}$ and an indigenous ectomycorrhizal Tomentella sp. inoculum were tested. In the initial six months, height growth of all three tree species inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum was significantly improved compared to the ectomycorrhizal inoculated and uninoculated control plants. The mycorrhizal effect was not evident thereafter and repeated application of the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum may be necessary for continued growth enhancement. Of the three species, A. mangium had the highest relative height growth rate over the 24 months on BRlS soils.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권3호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 Eucalyptus pellita와 Acacia mangium 용기묘를 대상으로 관수 주기 처리를 통해 3가지 수준(1회/1일, 1회/2일, 1회/3일)으로 수분 조건을 달리하여 광합성, 수분이용효율, 기공전도도 및 생장 특성 변화를 조사 분석하였으며, 열대림 두 수종에 대한 용기 양묘 시 최적의 수분 환경을 구명 하고자 하였다. 그 결과, E. pellita는 1회/1일 관수 처리구에서 우수한 광합성 능력을 보였으며, A. mangium은 세 처리구 모두 좋은 광합성 능력을 나타냈다. 두 수종 모두 관수 주기가 짧을수록 기공전도도는 높아진 반면, 수분이용효율은 낮은 값을 보였다. 근원경과 간장 생장은 두 수종 모두 1회/1일 관수 처리구에서 높았으며 관수 주기가 짧을수록 높은 생장을 나타냈다. H/D율, 물질생산량 및 묘목품질지수(DQI)도 같은 경향을 보였으나, T/R율은 반대의 경향을 나타냈다. 1회/1일 관수 처리구는 건전하게 양묘된 묘목으로 평가할 수 있으며, 세 처리구 중 가장 우수한 묘목을 생산할 수 있는 수분 조건으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2010

The Acacia seyal Del. var. seyal belongs to family Mimosaceae is known locally as gum Talha tree. It is a multipurpose tree species occurs throughout the African gum belt in Savannah mostly in pure forest. In Sudan it thrives on heavy clay soils that receive an annual rainfall between 400-800 mm. It is an important source of rural energy (fuelwood and charcoal) and forage. As mentioned by Nair (2007) the economic damage causes by insect in natural forest often difficult to judge due to no enough research attention The tree is frequently affected by biotic factors among them the insect pests. During a survey in the 1980's the tree was severely infested by the longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) severely infesting other Acacia species, but the ecological data are overlooked. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess infestation characteristics and to determine environmental factors triggering the attack of longhorned beetles. A temporary random sampling technique was applied to observe the damage characteristics of the longhorned beetles on tree species during May-July 2007. Five sample plots occupies by A. seyal were taken in Kordofan region directly observed for the presence of hole of emergence of the longhorned beetles, presence of dusts, presence of insect stages, girdling as well as other characteristics of damage. The study results indicate that the infestation rate of trees in the sampled sites ranged between zero and 23.08%. Further ecological researches are recommended.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.123-140
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• 1998

The flora of Kunsan Wolmyong park was 77 families, 168 genera, 240 species, 2 subspecies, 35 varieties, 1 formae or 278taxa. Using the Phytosociology method, 12 plant communities were recognized ; Alnus japonica, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus rigida, Castanea crenata, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus serrata, Aluns firma, Liriope platyphylla and Reynoutria communities. Similarity between different communities was low for most of the cases except for Pinus densiflora, Pinus Thunbergii and Pinus rigida communities kept comparely high with ond another. Species diversity was analyzed by species richness(SR), species diversity index(H') and evenness(J'). Castanea crenata, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Alnus firma communities were higher in SR, H' than the other communities. But Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima and castanea crenata communities were higher in evenness than the other communities. To investigate the plant community structure and to establish restoration counter plan of a Wolmyeng Park in Kunsan City. As a remedial approach, following is propesed. first, Establishment of an adequate planting plan and development of slope stalilization method by planting native species. second, Sellection of adequate species by planting experiments for pioneer species, native species, and dietary species. third, Landscape planting zones should be managed artificially, the others be managed with ecological approach.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

This study was carried out for the purpose of presenting basic data bases for conservation and management measures of Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area in Bongsan. The analysis results of the actual vegetation showed that rate of vegetation cover were composed of 72.3% of Robinia pseudo-acacia Forest, 10.7% of Sorbus alnifoila Forest, and Sorbus alnifoila was founded as a dominant woody plant species in the Core Zone of Bongsan Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area. To investigate the vegetation structure of Sorbus alnifolia Community in Bongsan Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area, twelve $100m^2$ sized plots were set up in Bongsan. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, the communities were divided into the three groups of Sorbus alnifolia Community, Pinus koraiensis Community and Robinia pseudo-acacia Community, To analyze annual diameter growth rate for major tree species, nine sample trees from research plots were measured. Expected ages of Sorbus alnifoila trees were 27~37years, Robinia pseudo-acacia trees were 17~26 years, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Prunus sargentii, and Quercus mongolica trees were 27~38 years. As a result, annual diameter growth rates of Robinia pseudo-acacia and Pinus rigida tended to remarkably decreased, Sorbus alnifoila had the wood on inter-specific competition of the woody plant species. Importance values of Sorbus alnifoila in the three layers of Sorbus alnifoila communities were evenly high.