• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze correlation of above- and below-ground biomass and to drive regression equation suitable for estimating standing tree biomass between natural and planted stands of Pinus densiflora for. erecta of one age-class in Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. Total 40 trees, 10 from the naturally regenerated and 10 from the planted stands in each of two studied sites, were uprooted to measure height, diameter at root color (DRC), and the dry weights of stem, branches, and needles. The length, weight, and volume of the main and horizontal roots were also measured. Most of the above-ground traits except height were highly correlated with most of the other above-ground traits and the below-ground traits except the length of roots (p < 0.05). Especially, the DRC, which is measured easily on the standing tree, was highly correlated with most of the traits in all studied stands (p < 0.01). Thus, the DRC would be the most desirable trait to estimate not only above-ground biomass but also below-ground biomass. However, height was not a good variable to estimate standing tree biomass of Pinus densiflora for. erecta of one age-class in Gangwon province because it was not correlated with most of other traits. Regression equations derived from the current study could be used effectively as a basic data for estimating above-ground and below-ground biomass using DRC.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

This study was carried out to estimate above-ground biomass and inorganic nutrient distribution for a Camellia japonica stand located Mt. Cheon-gwan, Jeonnam province. Regression analysis of biomass for stem, current twig, branch and foliage versus diameter at breast height(DBH) was used to calculate regression equations of the form of logY = a + blogD(Y: component biomass, D: DBH). Total above-ground biomass for a Camellia japonica stand was 115.2 ton/ha(47.9 for main stem, 1.4 for current twig, 53.4 for live and dead branch, 5.6 for current foliage and 6.9 for ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage). Component biomass was non-linearly correlated with DBH, and the difference in biomass between ${\geq}1$-yr-old and current foliage increased in proportion to DBH. Current foliage and live branch showed higher N, P and K concentrations compared to ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage and dead branch, respectively. However, Ca concentration of current foliage and live branch was lower than that of ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage and dead branch, respectively. Total above-ground inorganic nutrient contents(kg/ha) were distributed as follows; K: 366.4. N: 442.7, Ca: 433.3, Mg: 118.4, P: 50.5 and Na: 25.3. The proportions of inorganic nutrient content for live branch were generally the highest in all the inorganic nutrients.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1999

The above ground biomass and annual net productivity of Salix nipponica were estimated by the allometric method in the littoral zone of Parksil-nup wetland, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do Korea. The density of stems and individuals per hectare were 14,950 and 6,140, respectively and the mean number of stems per individual was 2.43. The proportion of the above ground biomass of stem, branch, and leaf were 59.2%, 28.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The standing crops was 109.7 ton/ha and total phytomass was 926.7 ton in the study area. Annual net production was 25.3 ton/ha estimated from the standing crops and the age structure.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2022

Background: To assess the carbon sequestration capacity and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of Quercus glauca forests, we analyzed the net primary productivity (NPP), carbon storage, and carbon emission of soil in a Q. glauca forest on Jeju Island (South Korea) from 2016 to 2018. Results: The average carbon stock in the above- and below-ground plant biomass was 223.7 Mg C ha^-1, while the average amount of organic carbon fixed by photosynthesis was 9.8 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, and the average NPP was 9.6 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Stems and branches contributed to the majority of the above- and below-ground standing biomass and NPP. The average heterotrophic carbon emission from the soil was 8.7 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, while the average NEP was 1.1 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Although the carbon stock, carbon absorption, and soil respiration values were higher than those reported in other oak forests in the world, the NEP was similar or lower. Conclusions: These results indicator that Q. glauca forests perform the role of a large carbon sink through the CO₂ absorption in the plants in terms of carbon balance. And it is judged to be helpful as data for assessment of carbon storage and flux in the forests and mitigation of elevated CO₂ in the atmosphere.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

Tropical dry forests are one of the most threatened, widely distributed ecosystems in tropics and estimation of forest biomass is a crucial component of global carbon emission estimation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the biomass and carbon storage in trees on large scale (10, 1 ha plots) in the dry mixed evergreen forest of Javadhu forest of Eastern Ghats. Biomass of adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees was estimated by non-harvest methods. The total biomass of trees in this tropical dry mixed evergreen forest was ranged from 160.02 to 250.8 Mg/ha, with a mean of 202.04±24.64 Mg/ha. Among the 62 tree species enumerated, Memecylon umbellatum accumulated greater biomass and carbon stocks (24.29%) more than the other species in the 10 ha study plots. ANOVA revealed that there existed a significant variation in the total biomass and carbon stock among the three plant types (Evergreen, brevi-deciduous and deciduous (F (2, 17)=15.343, p<0.001). Basal area and density was significant positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R² 0.980; 0.680) while species richness exhibited negative correlation with above ground biomass (R² 0.167). Finding of present study may be interpreted as most of the trees in this forest are yet to be matured and there is a net addition to standing biomass leading to carbon storage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 1985

Growth and biomass production of natural stands of Quercus variabilis in relation to tree density were studied to obtain basic guide lines for future tending operation. Two natural stands of Quercus variabilis located at 900m (A stand: 6,600trees/ha, $15.84m^2/ha$, $\frac{19}{17-20}$) and 800m (B stand: 4,300trees/ha, $16.65m^2/ha$, $\frac{20}{17-21}$) elevation in Sancheong, Kyongnam Province were selected for the comparative study and following results were obtained through a sample plot method. After diameter of individual trees in the sample plots was measured, twelve average trees from each diameter class were cut felled to measure dry weight of $W_S$, $W_B$, $W_L$, $W_{Ba}$, and standing biomass and biomass production rates by a allometrior regressions related to $D^2H$. Vertical distribution of leaves along the stems indicated that photosynthesis was carried out 2.2m above the ground in Stand A and 1.2m in Stand B. Maximum photosynthesis was located 4.2m and 6.2m above the ground in Stand A and B, respectively. Leaf area index was 4.25ha/ha for Stand A, and 3.89ha/ha for Stand B. Above-ground standing biomass was 49.51 ton/ha for Stand A and 59.20 ton/ha and net annual production was 6.75 ton/ha/yr. for Stand A and 8.99 ton/ha/yr. for Stand B. The ratio of net annual production to standing biomass was 17.5% for Stand A and 16.7% for Stand B. Net assimilation rate was 2.75kg/kg/yr. for Stand A and 3.58kg/kg/yr. for Stand B. Stem wood production rate was 1.46kg/kg/yr. for Stand A and 2.09kg/kg/yr. for Stand B. Bark production rate was 0.60 kg/kg/yr. for Stand A and 0.34kg/kg/yr. for Stand B. Above data indicated that Stand B utilized growing spaces and sites more efficiently than Stand A. It is concluded chat productivity of natural stands of Quercus variabilis can be enhanced through optimization of basal areas and number of tree per hectare and that sound management of natural oak stands should be based on systematic sampling of the area for periodic productivity estimation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.122-128
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• 1975

With the cultivated mulberry plant which feeds silkworm on its leaves in sericulture, the measuring methods of biomass of terrestrial organs were compared and the annual net productivity was estimated. The measurement of the standing crops by means of allometric method on basis of relation between the parameter D230H, square of the diameter of the branch on 30cm high above ground($D{\frac}{2}{30}$) multiplied by its height(H), and the amount of leaves(WL) or of branch (Ws) was more accurate than other methods on basis of correlation between a character of the branch such as H, D30 or D230 and WL or Ws. The estimate of value of the net productivity of terrestrial parts of mulberry was 9.06-12.54 ton/ha.year, which was similar to that obtained from secondary forests in cool temperate zone.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 2014

Annual biomass production and amount of organic carbon in Abies koreana forest at Mt. Halla were conducted as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER). We measured standing biomass change of litter, soil production and organic carbon amounts of the forest floor and soil layer of A. koreana forest in Mt. Halla from 2009 to 2013 in permanent plots. Standing biomass, which was determined by allometric method, was converted into $CO_2$. The standing biomass in A. koreana forest was 98.88, 106.42, 107.67, 108.31, $91.48ton\;ha^{-1}$ in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 year, respectively. The amount of annual carbon allocated to above ground was 35.95, 38.69, 38.96, 39.46, $33.2ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ and below ground biomass was 8.54, 9.2, 9.49, 9.28, $7.97ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 year, respectively. Amount of organic carbon returned to the forest via litterfall was 1.09, 1.80, 1.32, 2.46 and $1.20ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. Amount of organic carbon in annual litter layer on forest floor was 2.74, 2.43, 2.00 and $1.16ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 year, respectively. Amount of organic carbon within 20cm soil depth was 55.77, 54.9, 50.69, 44.42 and $41.87ton\;C\;ha^{-1}20cm^{-1}$ in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 year, respectively. Then standing biomass and organic carbon distribution increased steadily until 2012. But there declined in 2013 because of the typhoon Bolaven. Thus, standing biomass and organic carbon distribution of this subalpine forest were largely affected by natural disturbance factor.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

In order to obtain necessary data for the use of hydrophytes to improve water quality of artificial lakes, production and nutrients absorption by some macrohydrophytes were investigated in a small water course at Woongcheon, Chungnam Province. The maximum above-ground standing biomass of Phragmites communis, Typha angustifolia and Zizania latifolia stand were 3,504 g/m$x^2$, 2,834 g/m$x^2$ and 3,125 g/m$x^2$, respectively. Estimated below-ground standing biomass of each stand were 9,671 g/m$x^2$,5,158 g/m$x^2$ and 5,813 g/m$x^2$, respectively. Concentration of nutrients in each organ was different among plant species. Maximum amount of standing nitrogen was the highest in the reed stand and that of standing phosphorus was the highest in the cattail stand. Amount of maximum standing nutrients are 2795.6 kgN/ha and 42.5 kgP/ha for the reed stand, 1,413 kg N/ha and 24.8 kgP/ha for the cattail stand and 1.901.1 kgN/ha and 38.4 kgP/ha for the wild rice stand, respectively. According to our investigation, it is concluded that reed, cattail and wild rice are suitable for water quality improvement of artificial lakes through nutrients absorption.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

We studied primary production, nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a salt marsh of Okryutung at Nakdong River estuary. The standing biomass in Phragmites longivalvis, Carex scabrifolia and Zoysia sinica stand was $5.48kg/\textrm{m}^2,{\;}1.94kg/\textrm{m}^2{\;}and{\;}1.95kg/\textrm{m}^2$, respectively. The peak above-ground biomass in each stand was $1.99kg/\textrm{m}^2,{\;}0.74kg/\textrm{m}^2{\;}and{\;}1.03kg/\textrm{m}^2$, respectively. Soil nitrogen decreased from the onset of growing seson till July, and then increased. Seasonal patterns of soil phosphorus were different from stand to stand. Nitrogen concentrations of above-ground plant tissus were quite different among the plant species at the very beginning of the growing season, however, they became similar as the plants grow. Seasonal pattern of phosphrous in C. scabrifolia roots was quite different from those other two species. Nitrogen absorbed by plants during season in P. longivalvis, C. scabrifolia and Z. sinicia stand was 224kg/ha, 111kg/ha, 156kg/ha, respectively. Phosphorus taken up by plants was 22kg/ha, 29kg/ha and 21kg/ha, respectively. Because the vascular plants growing at salt marshes can immobilize large quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus, salt marsh vegetation can be sued for preventing the pollution of coastal sea water.