• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of abdominal meridian massage either with the use of aroma oils or without using the oils for the relief of constipation in institutionalized children with cerebral palsy. Method: Using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, 40 children were randomly assigned to experimental (n=21) and control (n=19) groups. The experimental group received abdominal meridian massage with mixture of aroma oils, and the control group received abdominal meridian massage only. Prior to the intervention, baseline data were collected, and then abdominal meridian massage with or without aroma oils were given to both groups every morning for 15 minutes a day, six days a week, for 2 weeks. Outcome measures were number of bowel movements, amount of stool (gm), and frequency of laxatives, suppositories or enema. Using SPSS/Win 12.0 program, data were analyzed by $X^2$ test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Children in the experimental group defecated a larger volume of stool, and used fewer laxatives than those in the control group. The treatment effects lasted for 1 week after treatment. Conclusion: Abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils appears to be an effective adjunct maneuver in relieving constipation among institutionalized children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1325-1332
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of abdominal meridian(Kyongrak) massage on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Method: Eighty-five women (of 110 screened) enrolled in this study and were employed full-time with more than 6.0 points(in $0\~10.0$ VAS scale) in menstrual cramps or more than 20 points on the dysmenorrhea scale(range $13\~52$). The forty-two participants in the experimental group received abdominal meridian massage for 5 minutes per day during 6 days from the fifth day before menstruation to the first day of menstruation and the forty-three participants in the control group didn't receive any treatment. Data were collected from June 1st to August 30th, 2003 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, and t-test. Result: Menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea of the experimental group were significantly lower after abdominal meridian massage than those of the control group (p<.001). Conclusion: Abdominal meridian(Kyongrak) massage was very effective for relief of menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Therefore, we suggest that abdominal Kyongrak massage can be a useful nursing intervention for women with menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was aimed at developing an efficient nursing method for the management of constipation by comparing the effects of abdominal meridian massage on the symptoms of constipation. Method: The subjects were determined by the Rome II criteria and the Constipation Assessment Scale from Aug 30 through Sep 26, 2002. They were randomly divided into two groups: one experimental group of 16, another control group of 15. Abdominal meridian massage was given to the experimental group and no massage was given to the control group. The frequency of defecation and severity of constipation by CAS were measured. The data was analyzed with the t-test, $x^2$-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was a significant improvement in frequency of defecation, and severity of constipation in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Abdominal meridian massage can be considered an effective nursing method for the management of constipation among CVA patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.127-137
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• 2007

Purpose: It was investigated if abdominal meridian massage has effects on constipation in institutionalized psychiatric patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Methods: According to the constipation screening tests, 22 patients were selected as subjects. One group pre and post repeated measurement design was used. Constipation was operationalized as perceived constipation, frequency of defecation, frequency of bowel sound, and number of medicine taken to relieve constipation. Abdominal meridian massage was given for two weeks, 10-15 minutes each time and 10 times in total. Results: Perceived constipation, frequency of bowel sound, and number of medicine taken were significantly improved after massage. Except for number of medicine taken, the effects on perceived constipation and frequency of bowel sound were found to be persistent 2 weeks after massage. Conclusion: Based upon these results, abdominal meridian massage was recommended as independent nursing intervention for the relief of constipation in psychiatric patients who taking anti-psychotic drugs. Further studies to investigate the maximal duration time of effects and whether the effects of intermittent application of this method is more beneficial than the continuous application of this method are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to compare the effects of abdominal aroma massage and meridian massage on constipation and stress in college women with functional constipation. Methods: The participants were 38 college women, 18 were in the aroma group and 20 in the meridian group. The aroma massage was given using aroma oil which was a mixture of lemon, lavender, rosemary, and cyprus. The meridian massage was given at 9 accupoints which influence intestinal functions. The treatment was given 5 days a week for 4 weeks. A constipation severity score, weekly defecation frequency, and a stress response score were measured before and every week of 4 weeks of the experiment. Results: While there was no significant difference between two groups, there was a significant difference within the groups in the constipation severity (aroma group: 1st week, meridian group: except 4th week), defecation frequency (aroma group: 3rd week, meridian group: 2nd and 3rd week), and stress (aroma group: all weeks, meridian group: except 4th week) after different duration of experiment. Conclusion: Based on these results, both abdominal massages relieved constipation and stress. Resorting to either types of massage will contribute to the reduction of use of stool softeners, suppositories, or enemas.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of the meridian massage on constipation and stress in the patients with stroke. Methods: The subjects of this study were 31 patients with stroke who were hospitalized at the K oriental medical center. They were determined by Rome II criteria and the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). The experimental group were treated meditation massage for 10minutes daily for 2 weeks. To evaluate the effect of meridian massage, the degree of constipation was measured using the frequency of defecation per week and the scores of CAS, and the degree of stress was measured using the Stress Scale. The collected data were analyzed by with the SPSS 12.0 for windows program. Results: The experimental group had significantly more increase of defecation frequency than the control group. The experimental group had significantly more decrease of CAS score than the control group. 3) In the score of stress, there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention for the management of constipation of patients with stroke.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of 3 times/week and 5 times/week abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils (AMMAO) on the relief of constipation among hospitalized children with disabilities involving the brain lesions (cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and others). Methods: The participants were 33 hospitalized children with a disability involving the brain (15 were in the 5 times/week of AMMAO group and 18 were in the 3 times/week of AMMAO group). Data were collected from March 21 to May 1, 2011. Chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 18.0 were used to evaluate the effects of AMMAO. Results: While there was no significant difference between the two groups, there was a significant difference within groups between baseline and the end of the intervention period for the following, frequency of suppository use or enemas, amount of stool, and number of bowel movements. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that AMMAO is an effective nursing intervention in relief of constipation for hospitalized children with a disability involving the brain. Therefore it is recommended that AMMAO be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for relief of constipation to these children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2267-2277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks of abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils (AMMAO) by Volunteers on the relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. One group pretest-posttest quasi experimental research design was used. Subjects were 38 hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Data were collected from May 9 to June 19, 2011. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and Repeated Measures ANOVA with SPSS 19.0 were used to evaluate the effects of AMMAO. The results were as follows; 1. There were significant difference noted in the amount of defecation(F=3.56, p=.033) by time. 2. There were no significant difference was noted in the frequency of defecation, the frequency of suppository or enema application by time. Accordingly, it is concluded that AMMAO would be an effective nursing intervention in relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Therefore it is recommended that AMMAO be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish literatural evidence about traditional Korean medical physiotherapy through literatural review. Methods : Applicable paragraphs which were related to the traditional Korean medical physiotherapy were phrased from in "Hwang-je-nae-gyung(黃帝內經)", "Yumun-sa-chin(儒門事親)", "Geum-guei-yo-ryack(金匱要略)", "Eui-hack-ip-mun(醫學入門)", "Gyung-ack-jeon-seo(景岳全書)", "Eui-hack-gang-mock(醫學綱目)", "Dong-eui-bo-gam(東醫寶鑑)" where were archiving of Oriental or Korean medicine literatures. Searched paragraphs were analysed for establishing historical and theoretical bases of Korean medical physiotherapy. Results : 1. Theromtherapy is originated from yu(熨), hot hand, warm, water bath, warm earth, fumigation, lamp, torchlight and brazier. Matching indications are various musculoskeletal pain and diseases, skin diseases such as chronic inflammation, frostbite, gynecological and urogenital diseases such as uterine myoma, lower abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, breast diseases, digestive tract diseases such as vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache and also it treats cardiovascular disease. Other matching indications are sunstroke, rhinorrhea, psycosis and anal pain. And it used helping acupuncture therapy. 2. Cryotherapy is originated from lengfu(冷敷), lengtie(冷貼), cold stone and cold water. Matching indications are various fever disease, skin diseases such as acute inflammation, wound, fever skin disease, otorhinolaryngological diseases such as acute sore throat, otitis, stomatitis, nasal bleeding and contusions, abrasions, burn and dysuria. In addition, it treats extremity coldness, chillness, stomachache caused to accumulate fever. 3. Physiotherapy by circulating meridian system is originated from manipulation such as pushing, massage and beating to therapy point. Matching indications are musculoskeletal diseases such as various muscular pain, heavy sensation, convulsion, urogenital diseases such as dysuria, lower abdomen pain, digestive tract diseases such as stomachache, and paralysis due to blocked meridian system. And other matching indications are psycosis, leprosy, hypoesthesia, acute stroke. In addition it helps other therapy methods. In addition, the power of manipulation classify to strengthen and reduce. 4. Physiotherapy by balancing meridian system is originated from sunshine, magnet, horn, bamboo and tube. Sunshine helps improving self's care and cure inflammatory skin disease. Magnet's matching indications are paralysis, various injuries, abscess, fever and eye disease. Cupping therapy treats to skin diseases and internal diseases such as tuberculosis. Conclusions : Traditional Korean medical physiotherapy was widely used in traditional Korean medicine since ancient time based on the traditional Korean medical principle and anatomical knowledge. With modern physiotherapy and traditional Korean medicine together, effects of treatment are enhanced. And traditional Korean medical physiotherapy is appropriated to world physiotherapy's expectation.