• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2021

In this study, the relationship between the growth of abalone and the presence of epibionts was investigated in abalone cultured in Goheung, Jeollanam-do, where there are severe problems high water temperatures and attachment. The experiment was conducted for eight months (May-December 2020), and 40 abalone were collected every month. Water temperature was at its highest at a range of 13.5℃-26.6℃ and dissolved oxygen levels were at their lowest at a range of 4.0-10.2 ㎍/L in August. The shell height (mm) of abalone grew to 117.7% (81.8 ± 1.9 mm) in cultures where epibionts were removed (ER) and 111% (77.4 ± 3.3 mm) where they were not (non-epibionts, NER). Their total weight (TW) and body weight increased significantly and steadily with ER, whereas the TW increased sharply after August with NER. In the condition index, no significant difference was observed between ER and NER. The monthly proportion of epibionts increased significantly in July, accounting for the value of 69.9% reached in December.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.21.1-21.11
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• 2016

Background: The evaluation of suitable reference genes as normalization controls is a prerequisite requirement for launching quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR)-based expression study. In order to select the stable reference genes in abalone Haliotis discus hannai tissues (gill and hepatopancreas) under heavy metal exposure conditions (Cu, Zn, and Cd), 12 potential candidate housekeeping genes were subjected to expression stability based on the comprehensive ranking while integrating four different statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ${\Delta}CT$ method). Results: Expression stability in the gill subset was determined as RPL7 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL3 > PPIB > RPL7A > EF1A > RPL4 > GAPDH > RPL5 > UBE2 > B-TU. On the other hand, the ranking in the subset for hepatopancreas was RPL7 > RPL3 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL4 > EF1A > RPL5 > RPL7A > B-TU > UBE2 > PPIB > GAPDH. The pairwise variation assessed by the geNorm program indicates that two reference genes could be sufficient for accurate normalization in both gill and hepatopancreas subsets. Overall, both gill and hepatopancreas subsets recommended ribosomal protein genes (particularly RPL7) as stable references, whereas traditional housekeepers such as ${\beta}-tubulin$ (B-TU) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were ranked as unstable genes. The validation of reference gene selection was confirmed with the quantitative assay of MT transcripts. Conclusions: The present analysis showed the importance of validating reference genes with multiple algorithmic approaches to select genes that are truly stable. Our results indicate that expression stability of a given reference gene could not always have consensus across tissue types. The data from this study could be a good guide for the future design of RT-qPCR studies with respect to metal regulation/detoxification and other related physiologies in this abalone species.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2015

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been widely used in aquaculture field as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent because of its broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. Residual oxytetracycline (OTC) was studied after spray treatment of cultured abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Muscle concentration of OTC was determined after spray treatment ( 4,000, 7,000, 10,000 ppm) in the abalone. Muscle samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 day post-dose. OTC analyses were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In 4000, 7000 and 1000 ppm treatment for small size abalones, OTC levels at 1 day post-dose, have been dramatically decreased by 8.34, 3.35 and 4.47 ug/g, respectively. For medium size abalones, concentration were measured as 7.58, 15.62 and 7.8 ug/g, respectively. Those of large size abalones also were observed as 11.31, 12.38 and 15.28 ug/g, respectively, at 1 day post-dose. No significant differences in residual OTC depletion in muscles were observed between the size of abalones. More than 0.2 mg/kg of OTC was detected in muscle tissues and the residues were found over 60 days after treatment. It is expected that these results would contribute to improve recommended withdrawl periods of OTC for a safer seafood supply.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2007

The analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and the development of resources for functional genomics. To analyze the transcriptome of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai, we conducted EST analysis using seven cDNA libraries made from gill, gut, hepatopancreas, skin, muscle, testis, and ovary. Redundant ESTs were assembled into overlapping contiguous sequences using the assembly program ICAtools. We found that the total 1,393 ESTs formed 135 clusters and 951 singletons, indicating that the overall redundancy of the library was 22%. Of the 1,393 clones, BLAST identified 1,278 clones (91.7%) as known genes; 115 clones (8.3%) did not match any previously described gene. Based on the major functions of their encoded proteins, the identified clones were classified into 16 broad categories. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of micro satellite-containing genes that may be valuable for further gene mapping studies. This study contributes to the identification of numerous EST clones that can be applied to further clarifying the genetics and developmental biology of abalone.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

In present study, attempts were made to preserve abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) sperm in liquid form at low temperature, to evaluate the effect of various diluents in short-term storage on sperm, and cryopreservation procedures were optimized for the cryoprotectants and freezing rates, as well as the motility, survival rate, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after short-term storage and cryopreservation were observed. The abalone sperm reached maximum motility until about 4 min after activation. The motility was constant for about 16 min, after which it dropped gradually, and about 50 min later all motility ceased. In Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS, 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg) and 150, 250 and 350 mOsmol/k artificial seawater (ASW), the sperm was immotile. After 100% ASW was added, motility of those sperm, which are in 300, 400 mOsmol/kg HBSS, 250, 350 mOsmol/kg ASW, could be again restored incompletely. Sperm motility can be maintained for 20 days of cold storage only in ASW of 850 and 1200 mOsmol/kg. A high motility index of 3.5-4.5 was observed for the first 8 days in 850 and 950 mOsmol/kg ASW. In other diluents sperm motility was constant less than 10 days, and the motility index was obviously lower than that of sperm in 850 and 1200 mOsmol/kg ASW. After 20 days of cold storage, survival rates of 10.2%-20.7% were obtained in ASW and 300 mOsmol/kg HBSS, and that in 400 HBSS (65.3%) was significantly higher than others. The constant period of sperm motility stored in 850 mOsmol/kg ASW was obviously longer than that in 1200 mOsmol/kg ASW after 6 days of storage. The sperm plunged into liquid nitrogen all died except that sperm using 15% glycerol as cryoprotectant restored 10.4% of motility. The highest motility index (3.4) was obtained with 5% glycerol and freezing procedure: $-50^{\circ}C$/min from $20^{\circ}C$ to $-80^{\circ}C$.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

This study is aimed comparative analysis for business performance of land-based ezo abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) seed farms by standardizing cost structures by region and farming size. The result of survey on average farming incomes by region showed that farming incomes in Haenam and Jindo regions were much higher than those in other regions. Followed by Wando region, incomes in other regions were analyzed to be relatively lower. It is shown that farming incomes became higher as farm size increased. Farming incomes per unit size which were modified from farming incomes by region were highest in Jindo region, followed by East sea region, Wando and Haenam regions. Incomes in Jeju and Yeosu regions were analyzed to be relatively lower. Results on farming incomes per unit size ($m^2$) showed that both farming incomes and profits became higher as size increased. It implies that a scale effectiveness might exist in case of land-based abalone culture system. Impacts of major factors on farming profits and returns on investment in abalone seed aquaculture are summarized as follow. First, only if the survival rate increased by 10% with improvement of component ratio, variable effects became largest. In variable effects of other factors, a variation in Jindo region was largest and on the other hand, a variation in Yeosu region was shown to be smallest.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2014

북방전복 선발육종에 필요한 친자확인 및 가계분석을 효율적으로 실험하기 위하여 microsatellite multiplex PCR 기술을 개발하였다. 개발한 mutiplex PCR 기술은 6개 microsatellite locus Hdh145, Hdh512, Hdh1321, Awb017, Awb083 및 Awb098을 한번의 PCR 증폭으로 다중분석이 가능하다. 이 기술은 높은 친자확인 성공률과 가계분석에 있어서도 모두 멘델의 분리법칙을 따르고 있다. 더욱이 대량의 시료처리를 필요로 하는 경우에 있어서도 시간절약 및 비용 절감뿐만 아니라 샘플 처리과정의 간소화가 가능하여 handling errors를 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 multiplex PCR은 친자확인, 가계분석, 집단유전학 및 계통분류학 분석에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1996

우리나라 연안성에서 가장 중요한 양식대상종의 하나인 참전복의 표식 방류효과에 관한 조사는 보고된 바 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리 배양장에서 자체 생산된 참전복의 표지 방법별 효과를 검토하고, 방류효과를 구명함으로서 연안 자원의 증강을 도모 하고자 1994년 11월 10일 부터 1995년 3월 30일까지 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 참전복의 표지 및 표시 방법별 효과는 Al-teco에 의한 표지 부착이 가장 좋았다. 2. 실내 사육에 의한 표지의 탈락 및 폐사율은 각각 $6.7\%$ 및 $8.3\%$였고, 표지에 의한 폐사는 없었다. 3. 실내 사육 및 방류한 표지 개체는 실험 개시시 각구 공히 평균각장 및 전중량이 1.0 cm, 0.092 g 이던 것이 실험종료시에는 각각 1.80cm, 0.74 g, 1.68 cm, 0.68 g으로 성장하였다. 4. 재포된 모든 개체의 분포 중심 수심은 2.6m 였다. 재포된 모든 개체의 평균 이동 거리는 2.6m 였다. 6. 어획사망계수, 자연사망계수 및 전사망계수의 추정치는 각각 0.0195, 0.4652, 0.4847였다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

참전복 인공종묘 생산후 박리시 패각 파손 및 연체부 손상 등을 방지하고자 여러 가지 마취제가 사용되고 있으나, 대부분의 전복 마취제는 전복에 대하여 비교적 강한 독성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 무해하다고 인정되어 인체의 마취에 사용되는 lidocaine과 FDA에서 유일하게 수산용 어류 마취제로 인정한 MS-222를 참전복의 마취제로 사용하고자 각장 크기별로 마취 실험을 실시하였다. 각장 1 cm인 전복에 대한 lidocaine과 MS-222의 박리효과는 각장 3 cm인 공시패에서보다 훨씬 우수하게 나타났다. 그리고 각장 1 cm인 공시패에서 lidocaine과 MS-222의 적정마취농도는 각각 200 ppm과 100 ppm이었다. 전복 크기에 따라 박리 효과의 차이는 있었으나 우수한 박리 효과가 인정되었고, 더욱이 싼 가격, 안정성 및 취급 효과가 용이한 점 등을 고려할 때 기존의 전복 마취제를 대신할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1997

완전양식이 가능한 참전복에 대해 3배체를 유도하고 유도된 3배체와 정상 2배체 사이의 성장도, 사료효율 및 생존율을 조사, 비교하였다. 성장도는 3배체 유도 51개월 후 3배체 전복이 평균 각장 67.26 mm, 2배체 전복이 62.30 mm로 성장하여 3배체 전복의 성장이 유의하게 빨랐다 (P<0.05). 제1극체 방출 억제형 3배체와 제2극체 방출 억제형 3배체의 성장도 조사 결과, 제1극체 방출 억제형 3배체는 전 사육 기간을 통하여 2배체와 제2극체 방출 억제형 3배체보다 성장이 유의하게 빨랐으며(P<0.05), 이것은 제1극체 방출 억제형 3배체의 이형접합성이 크기 때문으로 생각된다. 일간 섭식률은 배수체에 따른 유의한 차가 없었으며 성장 단계별로 치패의 시기에는 높았고 성장할수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 사료전환효율도 배수체에 따른 유의한 차는 없었으나 성장함에 따라 낮은 값을 나타내 먹이 효율이 낮아지는 경향이었다. Condition index는 2배체는 59.42%였는데 비해 3배체는 64.21%로 3배체가 유의적으로 높았고(P<0.05), 생식소 지수는 2배체가 2.67인데 비해 3배체는 1.17로 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 생존율은 3배체가 63.0% (3n-1pb 62.0%, 3n-2pb 64.0%), 2배체가 62.0%로서 차이가 없었다.