• BMB Reports
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2016

The arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in which post-translational conjugation of Arg by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA-protein transferase to N-terminal Asp, Glu, or oxidized Cys residues generates essential degradation signals. Here, we characterized the ATE1^−/− mice and identified the essential role of N-terminal arginylation in neural tube development. ATE1-null mice showed severe intracerebral hemorrhages and cystic space near the neural tubes. Expression of ATE1 was prominent in the developing brain and spinal cord, and this pattern overlapped with the migration path of neural stem cells. The ATE1^−/− brain showed defective G-protein signaling. Finally, we observed reduced mitosis in ATE1^−/− neuroepithelium and a significantly higher nitric oxide concentration in the ATE1^−/− brain. Our results strongly suggest that the crucial role of ATE1 in neural tube development is directly related to proper turn-over of the RGS4 protein, which participate in the oxygen-sensing mechanism in the cells.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.508-513
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• 2017

공학 용어로 유지보수성(maintainability)은 제품의 유지/관리에 대한 용이성을 의미한다. 비행체 자동점검장비(ATE)는 점검대상장비(UUT)의 기능/성능 특성에 따라 점검절차가 개발되기 때문에 UUT의 설계 변경에 많은 영향을 받는다. 더욱이 통합 ATE가 다수의 UUT를 점검하는 환경이라면 UUT 설계 변경에 대한 ATE의 유지보수가 쉽지 않다. 개발자는 ATE의 유지보수성 향상을 위하여 쉽고 명확한 개발 방식을 선정하여 개발 담당자의 변경에 유연하게 대처할 수 있어야 한다. 또한 UUT 설계 변경에 영향을 받는 영역을 특정 범위로 제한하여 수정될 부분을 최소화할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 비행체 ATE 개발 과정을 기반으로 유지보수성 향상에 초점을 둔 ATE 개발 방안을 제안한다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 열상장비의 광 검출기에서 검출된 미약한 전기적 신호를 영상신호처리를 하기 위한 신호로 증폭을 해 주는 전단 증폭부의 성능 검사용 ATE(Automatic Test Equipment)를 개발하였다. 기존 ATE 장비는 주로 반도체 소자 양품검사 분야에서 활발히 개발되고 있었으나 최근에는 장비의 성능검사 분야에서도 연구되고 있다. 그러나 열상장비 성능검사 분야의 ATE 에 대한 연구는 다른 분야에 비해 미진하여 우리군의 핵심적인 감시 장비인 열상장비는 정비가 제한되었다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 새로운 열상장비 분야의 ATE 연구가 필요하여 전단증폭부 및 열상장비의 다른 회로카드의 범용적인 개발이 가능하도록 Matrix Relay를 개발하였다. 개발된 ATE로 전단증폭부의 증폭도를 측정한 결과 증폭 전압은 평균 2.71 Vpp로써 이론적인 분석 범위 내에 있음이 확인되어 개발된 ATE가 우수한 성능임이 검증되었다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

VLSI chips have been tested using various automatic test equipment (ATE). Although each ATE has a similar structure, the language for ATE is proprietary and it is not easy to convert a test program for use among different ATE vendors. To address this difficulty we propose a tester structure expression language, a tester language with a novel format. The developed language is called the general tester language (GTL). Developing an interpreter for each tester, the GTL program can be directly applied to the ATE without conversion. It is also possible to select a cost-effective ATE from the test program, because the program expresses the required ATE resources, such as pin counts, measurement accuracy, and memory capacity. We describe the prototype environment for the GTL and the tester selection tool. The software size of the prototype is approximately 27,800 steps and 15 manmonths were required. Using the tester selection tool, the number of man-hours required in order to select an ATE could be reduced to 1/10. A GTL program was successfully executed on actual ATE.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

In recent years, pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment have become a matter of increasing public concern. Environmental risk assessment (ERA), including an exposure assessment, is considered the best scientifically based approach for evaluating the potential effects of pharmaceuticals on ecosystems. Computerized exposure models constitute an important tool in predicting environmental exposures of pharmaceuticals. This paper presents the applicability of an exposure model by comparing measured data of selected pharmaceuticals with predicted environmental concentrations from an exposure model. $PhATE^{TM}$ (Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation) model developed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) was adapted to run simulations for the Keum River. A set of 7 pharmaceuticals of high production in Korea was modeled. The PECs generated by the $PhATE^{TM}$ model that were then compared to the measured concentrations. The $PhATE^{TM}$ model predicted concentrations for 7 pharmaceuticals including acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, erythromycin, ibuprofen, lincomycin, mefenamic acid, and naproxen were in good agreement with actual measured concentrations, which demonstrated the utility of $PhATE^{TM}$ as a predictive tool. In conclusion, $PhATE^{TM}$, although it does not intend to accurately represent reality, could be utilized for rapid predictions of the environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of ethanol ingestion on 131ate metabolism and plasma homocysteine concentration in Sprague-Dawley male rats receiving 0, 10, 30% of their caloric intake as ethanol for S weeks. Diets containing 10% ethanol had no effect on plasma and red blood cell(rbc) 131a1e. However, in rats fed a 30% ethanol diet, rbc folate increased and plasma 131ate decreased significantly, In the rats maintained first on a 30% ethanol diet for S weeks and then on a control diet for 2 weeks, the levels of plasma and rbc f31ate were normalized by withdrawal of ethanol. Urinary fo1ate excretion increased markedly in rats fed 10% and 30% ethanol diets and decreased to 51% of controls by withdrawal of ethanol. Plasma homocysteine concentration increased significantly in rats fed a 30% ethanol diet. The results suggest that chronic ingestion of ethanol increased urinary 131ate excretion markedly, which may decrease plasma 131ate and deplete liver folate.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

In the manufacturing processes of semiconductor, test process is important for quality of products. In the manufacturing process of dynamic memory, memory test is more important. So, automatic test equipment(ATE) is used necessarily. But, according to increase of speed of dynamic memory operation, the rapid test equipment is needed. Impedance matching between ATE and dynamic memory is expected to be an important problem for making a rapid test equipment over 1Gbps. According to increase of speed, inner impedance of ATE also works on important parameter for test. This paper is about the method that is for impedance matching of inner impedance and coaxial cable occurring in manufacturing of ATE. We proved effects of inner impedance by electric theory and verified the method of impedance matching using computer simulation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.379-391
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations between eating away from home (EAFH) and overweight and obesity among Ugandan adults using the 2014 Uganda non-communicable disease risk factor survey. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 3,025 participants aged 18-69 years were included in the analysis. The frequency of EAFH was assessed by asking participants the number of meals eaten per week that were not prepared at a home. EAFH frequency was categorized as; less than once/week, 1-2 times/week, or ≥ 3 times/week. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between overweight, obesity, and EAFH. We also tested whether sex and age modified these associations. RESULTS: Participants that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 2.13 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.54). However, when the analysis was stratified by sex, women that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 42% less likely to be overweight than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.94). Men that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.89 times and 2.23 times more likely to be obese and overweight, respectively, than those that ate away from home less than once/week (obesity: OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.50-10.09; overweight: OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.51). Age-stratified analysis showed that among participants aged 31-50 years, those that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.53 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.69-7.37). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent EAFH was positively associated with overweight and obesity among men, and obesity among young/middle-aged adults, but negatively associated with overweight in women. Nutritional interventions for obesity reduction in Uganda should include strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of eating meals prepared away from home, and specifically target men and young/middle-aged adults.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the action mechanism of the roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extract (ATE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell toxicity test by MTT assay and lipid accumulation was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect on the differentiation of adipocyte from preadipocytes induced by MDI differentiation medium, while adipogenesis related proteins expression level were evaluated by western blotting. As a result, ATE inhibited MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells dose-dependently without cytotoxicity. Our results showed that ATE inhibited the phosphorylation of IRS1, thereby decreasing the expression of PI3K110α and reducing the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR, resulting in attenuated protein expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, ap2 and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest anti-adipogenic functions for ATE, and identified IRS1 as a novel target for ATE in adipogenesis.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.134-144
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 비 상품 부추의 산업적 활용의 활성화를 위해 제 2형 당뇨모델인 db/db 마우스에서 부추 추출물과 부추 발효물에 대한 항당뇨 효과를 조사하였다. 부추 발효물 제조를 위한 균주선발을 위해 L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. casei을 접종하여 배양시킨 부추 추출물(부추 발효물)에 대한 전자공여능을 측정한 결과, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum 부추 발효물은 활성이 증가되었으나 L. plantarum 접종한 부추 발효물의 superoxide radical 소거능은 부추 추출물의 0.6배 수준으로 감소하였다. L. plantarum와 L. casei 균주를 접종한 부추 발효물의 superoxide radical 소거능은 부추 추출물과 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 따라서 L. plantarum과 L. casei를 이용하여 발효한 부추 발효물과 부추 추출물을 제2형 당뇨질환 동물모델인 db/db mice에 두 가지 농도구간으로(저농도 : 200 mg/kg, 고농도 : 400 mg/kg) 경구 투여한 후, 항당뇨 효능을 평가하였다. 체중 및 식이섭취량을 측정한 결과, 저농도 부추 발효물을 투여하였을 때, 식이섭취량의 변화 없이 체중증가량이 유의적으로 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 혈당증가량과 혈청 내 insulin 함량은 고농도 부추 추출물을 투여하였을 때, 유의적으로 감소되었고, 부추 발효물을 투여한 군에서도 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 경구 당 부하검사 결과에서도 고농도의 부추 추출물 및 부추 발효물을 투여한 군에서 포도당 내성 효과가 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 당뇨병에 의해 감소된 혈청 내 GLP-1 농도는 고농도 부추 추출물 및 고농도의 부추 발효물 투여로 인해 증가되었으며 이상의 결과들은 부추 추출물 및 부추 발효물이 GLP-1 분비를 증가시켜 insulin 저항성을 개선시킬 수 있음을 나타낸다. 비록 본 연구결과에서 제2형 당뇨질환에 대한 항당뇨 효능은 부추 추출물이 부추 발효물 보다 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났으나, 두가지 유산균으로 혼합발효한 부추 발효물은 부추 추출물과 유사한 수준의 항당뇨 효능을 보임과 동시에 제2형 당뇨병으로 인한 체중증가도 감소시킬 수 있어 비만을 동반하는 제2형 당뇨병의 예방과 개선을 위한 기능성 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.