• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.443-448
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• 2016

The arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in which post-translational conjugation of Arg by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA-protein transferase to N-terminal Asp, Glu, or oxidized Cys residues generates essential degradation signals. Here, we characterized the ATE1^−/− mice and identified the essential role of N-terminal arginylation in neural tube development. ATE1-null mice showed severe intracerebral hemorrhages and cystic space near the neural tubes. Expression of ATE1 was prominent in the developing brain and spinal cord, and this pattern overlapped with the migration path of neural stem cells. The ATE1^−/− brain showed defective G-protein signaling. Finally, we observed reduced mitosis in ATE1^−/− neuroepithelium and a significantly higher nitric oxide concentration in the ATE1^−/− brain. Our results strongly suggest that the crucial role of ATE1 in neural tube development is directly related to proper turn-over of the RGS4 protein, which participate in the oxygen-sensing mechanism in the cells.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.508-513
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• 2017

Maintainability in engineering terms means ease of maintenance / management of the product. Aircraft automatic test equipment (ATE) is heavily influenced by the design changes of the unit under test(UUT) since the test procedure is developed according to the function / performance characteristics of the UUT. Moreover, if the integrated ATE is an environment that checks more than one UUT, it is not easy to maintain the ATE for the UUT design changes. Developers should be able to flexibly cope with the change of development staff by selecting an easy and clear development method to improve the maintainability of ATE. It is also necessary to limit the area affected by the UUT design change to a specific range to minimize the area to be modified. In this paper, we propose ATE development method which focuses on maintenance improvement based on the aircraft ATE development process.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2012

We have developed the ATE(Automatic Test Equipment) system for the performance test of pre-amplifier of thermal imaging devices. The device regenerates the electronic signals of photon detection module which is normally in weak energy, for the image signals processing. Previous ATE system was primarily and actively developed in the field of semiconductor devices quality parts inspection. Recently, it has been studied in the field of performance testing of equipment. In the field of thermal performance test equipment, however, it lacks the study of ATE compared to other areas, which causes the maintenance related to the core of military thermal imaging system maintenance to be limited. In this paper, a new study of ATE in the field of thermal imaging system is done. It is designed to be used universally for the ATE system with different types of circuit card of thermal imaging system by adopting matrix relays. Using the developed ATE measuring the pre-amplifier amplitude, an average amplified amplitude of 2.71Vpp was measured which confirms that it is within the range of theoretical analysis and also verifies the good performance of the developed ATE.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

VLSI chips have been tested using various automatic test equipment (ATE). Although each ATE has a similar structure, the language for ATE is proprietary and it is not easy to convert a test program for use among different ATE vendors. To address this difficulty we propose a tester structure expression language, a tester language with a novel format. The developed language is called the general tester language (GTL). Developing an interpreter for each tester, the GTL program can be directly applied to the ATE without conversion. It is also possible to select a cost-effective ATE from the test program, because the program expresses the required ATE resources, such as pin counts, measurement accuracy, and memory capacity. We describe the prototype environment for the GTL and the tester selection tool. The software size of the prototype is approximately 27,800 steps and 15 manmonths were required. Using the tester selection tool, the number of man-hours required in order to select an ATE could be reduced to 1/10. A GTL program was successfully executed on actual ATE.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

In recent years, pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment have become a matter of increasing public concern. Environmental risk assessment (ERA), including an exposure assessment, is considered the best scientifically based approach for evaluating the potential effects of pharmaceuticals on ecosystems. Computerized exposure models constitute an important tool in predicting environmental exposures of pharmaceuticals. This paper presents the applicability of an exposure model by comparing measured data of selected pharmaceuticals with predicted environmental concentrations from an exposure model. $PhATE^{TM}$ (Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation) model developed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) was adapted to run simulations for the Keum River. A set of 7 pharmaceuticals of high production in Korea was modeled. The PECs generated by the $PhATE^{TM}$ model that were then compared to the measured concentrations. The $PhATE^{TM}$ model predicted concentrations for 7 pharmaceuticals including acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, erythromycin, ibuprofen, lincomycin, mefenamic acid, and naproxen were in good agreement with actual measured concentrations, which demonstrated the utility of $PhATE^{TM}$ as a predictive tool. In conclusion, $PhATE^{TM}$, although it does not intend to accurately represent reality, could be utilized for rapid predictions of the environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of ethanol ingestion on 131ate metabolism and plasma homocysteine concentration in Sprague-Dawley male rats receiving 0, 10, 30% of their caloric intake as ethanol for S weeks. Diets containing 10% ethanol had no effect on plasma and red blood cell(rbc) 131a1e. However, in rats fed a 30% ethanol diet, rbc folate increased and plasma 131ate decreased significantly, In the rats maintained first on a 30% ethanol diet for S weeks and then on a control diet for 2 weeks, the levels of plasma and rbc f31ate were normalized by withdrawal of ethanol. Urinary fo1ate excretion increased markedly in rats fed 10% and 30% ethanol diets and decreased to 51% of controls by withdrawal of ethanol. Plasma homocysteine concentration increased significantly in rats fed a 30% ethanol diet. The results suggest that chronic ingestion of ethanol increased urinary 131ate excretion markedly, which may decrease plasma 131ate and deplete liver folate.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.4 s.17
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

In the manufacturing processes of semiconductor, test process is important for quality of products. In the manufacturing process of dynamic memory, memory test is more important. So, automatic test equipment(ATE) is used necessarily. But, according to increase of speed of dynamic memory operation, the rapid test equipment is needed. Impedance matching between ATE and dynamic memory is expected to be an important problem for making a rapid test equipment over 1Gbps. According to increase of speed, inner impedance of ATE also works on important parameter for test. This paper is about the method that is for impedance matching of inner impedance and coaxial cable occurring in manufacturing of ATE. We proved effects of inner impedance by electric theory and verified the method of impedance matching using computer simulation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.379-391
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations between eating away from home (EAFH) and overweight and obesity among Ugandan adults using the 2014 Uganda non-communicable disease risk factor survey. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 3,025 participants aged 18-69 years were included in the analysis. The frequency of EAFH was assessed by asking participants the number of meals eaten per week that were not prepared at a home. EAFH frequency was categorized as; less than once/week, 1-2 times/week, or ≥ 3 times/week. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between overweight, obesity, and EAFH. We also tested whether sex and age modified these associations. RESULTS: Participants that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 2.13 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.54). However, when the analysis was stratified by sex, women that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 42% less likely to be overweight than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.94). Men that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.89 times and 2.23 times more likely to be obese and overweight, respectively, than those that ate away from home less than once/week (obesity: OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.50-10.09; overweight: OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.51). Age-stratified analysis showed that among participants aged 31-50 years, those that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.53 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.69-7.37). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent EAFH was positively associated with overweight and obesity among men, and obesity among young/middle-aged adults, but negatively associated with overweight in women. Nutritional interventions for obesity reduction in Uganda should include strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of eating meals prepared away from home, and specifically target men and young/middle-aged adults.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.136-141
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the action mechanism of the roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extract (ATE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell toxicity test by MTT assay and lipid accumulation was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect on the differentiation of adipocyte from preadipocytes induced by MDI differentiation medium, while adipogenesis related proteins expression level were evaluated by western blotting. As a result, ATE inhibited MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells dose-dependently without cytotoxicity. Our results showed that ATE inhibited the phosphorylation of IRS1, thereby decreasing the expression of PI3K110α and reducing the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR, resulting in attenuated protein expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, ap2 and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest anti-adipogenic functions for ATE, and identified IRS1 as a novel target for ATE in adipogenesis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.134-144
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• 2015

The anti-diabetic effects of Allium tuberosum Rottler extracts (ATE) and ATE fermented with lactic acid bacteria in db/db mice were evaluated. The electron donating activity of ATE fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei, respectively, increased compared to that of ATE, but the superoxide radical scavenging activity of the ATE incubated with L. plantarum decreased. The superoxide radical scavenging activity of the ATE fermented with both L. plantarum and L. casei was similar to that of the ATE. Therefore, fermented ATE (FATE) was prepared for in vivo testing by incubating it with both L. plantarum and L. casei. The db/db mice were divided into six groups: normal (non-diabetic mice), diabetic control (DM), and four experimental groups administered 200 or 400 mg/kg/day ATE (ATE200 and ATE400) and 200 or 400 mg/kg/day FATE (FATE200 and FATE400). Weight gain was significantly inhibited in the FATE200 group compared with that in the other db/db mice groups (p<0.05). The areas under the curve of the ATE400 and FATE400 groups were significantly smaller than that of the DM group in the glucose tolerance evaluation. The serum glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in the ATE400 and FATE400 groups increased. These results indicate that administering ATE and FATE may be effective against anti-hyperglycemia by regulating insulin resistance. In particular, FATE may be beneficial for controlling obesity in type 2 diabetes.