• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2008

ASM No. 2(Activated sludge model No. 2) is very useful model to analyze the wastewater treatment which removes nitrogen and phosphorus. But, it is difficult to apply ASM No. 2 to control of wastewater treatment since it has 17 material divisions and 46 parameters. So the purpose of this study was the simplification of ASM No. 2 and the provement of simplification model. Firstly ASM No. 2 was simplified with 5 material division and three phases(Anaerobic, aerobic, anoxic phases). The simplified model was proved by R-square using track study data. As a result of provement, the values of R-square in ${NH_4}^+$ were 0.9815 in ASM No. 2 and 0.9250 in simplified model and in ${NO_3}^-$ were 0.8679 in ASM No. 2 and 0.7914 in simplified model and in ${PO_4}^{3-}$ are 0.9745 in ASM No. 2 and 0.9187 in the simplified model when the ability to express the material variation was compared by R-square. So, the simplified model has enough ability to express the variation of ${NH_4}^+$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2007

ASM No. 1 is a very useful model to analyze wastewater treatment system removing organic carbon and nitrogen material. But it isn't adequate to control the wastewater treatment system with real time since it has many material divisions and parameters. So, the purpose of this study is the simplification of ASM No. 1 to control the wastewater treatment system. ASM No. 1 was changed with the model which has 3 material divisions(COD, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$) and two phases(Aerobic and Anoxic condition). SBR was running with two phases(Phase I and II). Phase II running 20 minutes with aerobic time was used for deciding model parameters and Phase I running 12 minutes with aerobic time was used for proving the simplified model. The simplified model was compared with ASM No. 1 using data of Phase I and II. As a result of model comparison, the simplified model has enough ability to express the variation of $NH_4{^+}$ compound.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권A호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2000

This study was implemented to find an optimal model for wastewater treatment processes using PHOENICS(Parabolic, hyperbolic or Elliptic Numerical Integration Code Series) and ASM(Activated Sludge Model). PHOENICS is a general software based upon the laws of physics and chemistry which govern the motion of fluids, the stresses and strains in solids, heat flow, diffusion, and chemical reaction. The wastewater flow and removal efficiency of particle in two phase system of a grit chamber in wastewater treatment plant were analyzed to inquire the predictive aspect of the operational model. ASM was developed for a biokinetic model based upon material balance in complex activated sludge systems, which can demonstrate dynamic and spatial behavior of biological treatment system. This model was applied to aeration tank and settling chamber in Choonchun city, and the modeling result shows dynamic transport in aeration tank. PHOENCS and ASM could be contributed for the optimal operation of wastewater treatment plant.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

병 저항성 유도물질인 acibenzolar-S-methyl[benzo(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester, ASM]을 토마토 유묘에 처리하여 잿빛곰팡이균(Botrytis cinerea)에 대한 유도저항성 여부를 조사하였다. 병원균 접종전 ASM 처리구에서는 병원균의 균사생장 뿐만 아니라 발병율도 현저히 감소하였다. 접종 3일전에 토마토 유묘에 처리한 ASM은 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 균사생장억제(46.5%)와 함께 최고 55%의 발병 억제효과를 나타냈다. 한편, 토마토 유묘내 저항성 정도를 구명하기 위하여 ASM 처리에 의한 peroxidase의 활성을 측정하였다. ASM 처리된 조직 세포내에서는 현저하게 효소의 활성이 증가하였는데, 이러한 결과는 병원균을 미접종한 처리구 보다 접종 처리구에서 훨씬 크게 증가하였다. 그러나, 대조구인 물 처리구에서는 효소의 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, ASM 처리구내 병원균의 균사생장 및 발병억제는 조직세포내 산화적, 항산화적 보호시스템의 활성이 증가하였기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.548-555
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• 2007

하폐수 처리에 대한 제어는 2가지의 장점을 가지고 있다. 유출수의 수질을 제어할 수 있다는 것과 하폐수 처리 비용의 절감이 그것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 부영양화의 원인물질로 잘 알려져 있는 암모니아성 질소를 제어함을 목적으로 한다. 제어는 간략화된 활성슬러지 모델 1(ASM No. 1)에 기초하고 있으며, 제어 방법은 다음과 같다. 우선, 유입수중 암모늄 농도를 측정하고, 간략화된 활성슬러지 모델 1(ASM No. 1)에 의하여 유출수 암모늄 농도가 1.0 mg/L가 아닐 경우 유출수의 암모늄 농도가 1.0 mg/L가 되도록 최적의 포기 시간을 산정하고 결정한다. 다음단계에서 유입수의 암모늄 농도를 교정한다. 이 과정은 계속적으로 반복되었다. 이와같은 방법에 의해 호기-무산소 조건을 반복하는 SBR 반응조가 한달간 제어되었다. 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 유출수의 암모늄 농도는 $0.22\sim3.1$ mg/L 범위를 순회하였으며, 유출수 암모늄 농도의 평균값은 1.1 mg/L이었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 Adaptive control 방법은 암모늄의 유출수 농도를 제어하고 예측하는데 매우 효과적이었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4B호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2006

최근, 활성 슬러지 공법에 대한 수학적 모델링은 폐수처리장의 설계와 운영에 있어서 매우 중요한 인자로 인식되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, BNR 공정에서 미생물의 성장 및 호흡과 관련한 내 외부 기질의 이용 경로에 관한 정보는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 ASM No.3와 비교되는 새로운 개념의 활성슬러지 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 미생물의 단계별 성장이론에 근거한 이 모텔의 구조는 호기성 저장, 내부저장물질(ISCs; Intercellular Storage Compounds)과 외부기질 활용에 따른 미생물의 성장, 내생호흡과 내부저장물질을 이용한 호기성 호흡 등 5 단계로 구성되어 있다. 단계적 성장모델에 기초한 예측결과는 산소이용율(OUR)과 TCOD에 의한 실험결과에 있어 ASM No.3의 결과보다 더욱 일치함을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1518-1524
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• 2016

본 연구는 농축 딸기 퓌레를 제조 시 구연산(CA) 또는 산성 메타인산나트륨(ASM)을 산미료로 이용하여 열처리 과정에서 농축 딸기 퓌레의 폴리페놀과 안토시아닌과 같은 기능성 성분 농도와 항산화 활성의 저하를 최소화시키는 데 있다. 열처리한 농축 딸기 퓌레의 색가는 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군이 13.027로 가장 높았고, 1% CA 처리군이 9.539, 대조군이 6.905의 순으로 나타났다. 총안토시아닌 함량에서도 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군이 3.049 mg/100 g, 1% CA 처리군, 대조군 순으로 각각 1.140 mg/100 g, 0.757 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. 항산화 활성으로써 DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 대조군은 58.148%, 1% CA 처리군은 72.638%, 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군은 83.763%로 나타났다. 모든 분석치에서 대조군과 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군 간에는 5% 내에서 유의성 차이가 있었다. 기호도 검사 결과 전체적인 기호도에서는 1% CA 처리군이 가장 높았고 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군, 대조군 순이었으나 세 처리군 간에 5% 내에서 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 결과를 통해 ASM 처리가 열처리 과정에서 기능성 성분과 생리활성의 저하를 억제해 주는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났으며 새로운 산미료로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.309-313
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• 2007

In Activated Sludge Model, COD fraction of primary settled municipal wastewater was a very important parameter. In this study, the COD fraction was determined using the oxygen utilization rate experiments. Readily biodegradable COD ($S_S$) fraction was observed about 29.7% of influent TCOD. $S_I$, $X_I$, and $X_S$ were analyzed to be 7.6%, 7.3%, and 55.4% of TCOD, respectively. The model used in this study was developed based on ASM3 and modified Bio-P module in order to simulate the existing BNR process. Parameter estimation results showed that $Y_{STO,O2}$, $Y_{STO,NO}$, $Y_{H,O2}$, $Y_{H,NO}$, $Y_{PO4}$, ${\mu}_H$, $b_H$, ${\mu}_A$, $q_{PHA}$, $q_{PP}$ and ${\mu}_{PAO}$ were 0.7, 0.64, 0.61, 0.48, 0.31, 3.9, 0.1, 1.35, 4.98, 1.8 and 0.59, respectively. Using the presented model and the estimated parameters, the simulation of the existing BNR process was successfully conducted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to measure the hair melanins of various colors and to find the relationship between the quantity of melanins and hair color phenotypes in alpacas. According to the Munsell color system, 3 healthy alpacas were selected for each of the 22 different hair color phenotypes (66 alpacas altogether). Alpaca hair was taken from the lateral thoracic region and then dissolved with different solutions to obtain melanins. The values of alkali-soluble melanins (ASM), eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM) were measured by spectrophotometric assay, and labeled as Sp.ASM, Sp.EM and Sp.PM, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS11.5 software. Results showed that average Sp.ASM and Sp.PM were increased as the color deepened from white to black, ranging from 0.500 to 4.543 for Sp.ASM and from 0.268 to 1.457 for Sp.EM. However, average Sp.PM had no such apparent relationship with color. Based on the value of Sp.ASM and EM, 7 hues were produced and gray was a single hue. Most of the data were in a normal distribution (p>0.10). ANOVA analysis showed that mean values of Sp.ASM, Sp.EM and Sp.PM were significantly different (p<0.05). The results also showed that Sp.ASM was positively correlated with Sp.EM but the correlation between Sp.ASM and Sp.PM was not significantly different from 0. It is concluded that EM is the major constituent of alpaca hair melanin; there is a significant correlation among ASM, EM and alpaca hair colors, and EM is the most reliable parameter for distinguishing these groups.

• 대한골대사학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

Background: Although studies and interest in sarcopenia have increased, it is still a matter of debate which muscle mass index better represents the aging process. We compared 3 indices for muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM]/weight, $ASM/height^2$, and the body mass index [BMI]-adjusted muscle mass index [ASM/BMI]) to determine which better reflected the aging process in terms of the decline in bone mineral density (BMD), visual acuity (VA), hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the Korean population. Between 2008 and 2011, a total of 14,415 men and 17,971 women aged 10 years or older participated in the study. We plotted the changes in the 3 indices of muscle mass and compared these with changes in BMD, VA, hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength according to each age group. Results: The ASM/BMI showed similar changes in terms of surrogate markers of the aging process, while the ASM/weight and $ASM/height^2$ showed no correlation. Conclusions: Among muscle indices for sarcopenia, only the ASM/BMI represented the aging process.