• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.755-760
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to produce resistant starch preparations from acid-modified com starches prepared at various hydrolysis levels (0.5-4.0 hr). Effect of autoclaving cycles on resistant starch (RS) formation was investigated. Molecular weight distribution, pasting and functional properties of acid-modified com starches were determined. For RS formation native and acid-modified starch samples were gelatinized and autoclaved (1 or 2 cycles). While native and acid-modified starches did not contain any RS, the levels increased to 9.0-13.5% as a result of storage at $95^{\circ}C$ after first autoclaving cycle. Second autoclaving cycle together with storage at $95^{\circ}C$ brought final RS contents of the samples incubated at 4 and $95^{\circ}C$ after the first cycle to comparable level. As acid modification level increased, the amount of high molecular weight fractions decreased, resulting in significant decreases in viscosities (p<0.05). The samples produced in this study had low emulsion stability and capacity values.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2018

본 연구는 느타리버섯 수확후배지를 배지자원으로 재사용하기 위하여 미생물처리에 의한 수확후 배지의 총질소함량 증진효과를 조사하였다. Bacillus sp. GM20-4 와 Rhodobacter sphaeroides(RS) 배양액 30%를 함께 접종하여 5일간 상온에서 배양 시 총질소 함량이 가장 크게 증가하였다. 농가의 수확후배지 조성에 따른 GM20-4와 RS처리에 의한 T-N함량 변화를 조사하기 위하여 경기 지역 버섯재배농가 세 곳의 수확후배지(spent mushroom substrates, SMS A, B, C)를 수집하여 GM20-4 와 RS 배양액 30%를 처리한 결과, 무처리구에 비해 건조 SMS B에서 T-N함량이 20%p로 가장 크게 증가하였고, 건조 SMS A는 17%, C는 12% 증가하였다. 반면에 생수확후 배지에서는 미생물 처리에 의한 T-N 함량 증가 효과가 크지 않았다. 또한 아미노산 조성별 함량 변화는 건조된 SMS A, B, C 모두 GM20-4와 RS 처리로 aspatic acid와 glutamic acid가 상대적으로 높게 증가한 결과를 보였고, 특히 건조 SMS B의 처리구에서 두 아미노산의 함량이 무처리구보다 2.9배 증가를 보임으로서 미생물처리가 수확후배지의 총질소 및 아미노산 함량의 증진효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.34-46
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• 1988

This paper deals with design problem of unit load automated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS). We propose an optimal design model in which the investment and maintenance costs of AS/RS, operating under dual command model is minimized over a time horizon satisfying the warehouse dimensional constraints. The model is formulated as an integer nonlinear program and an algorithm is proposed to find an optimum solution. The valididty of the solution algorithm is illustrated through an example.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

To calculate and predict soil carbon budget and cycle, it is important to understand the complex interrelationships involved in soil respiration rate (Rs). We attempted to reveal relationships between Rs and key environmental factors, such as soil temperature, using a laboratory incubation method. Soil samples were collected from mature deciduous (MD), mature coniferous (MC), immature deciduous (ID), and immature coniferous (IC) forests. Prior to measure, soils were pre-incubated for 3 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 60% of maximum water holding capacity (WHC). Samples of gasses were collected with 0, 2, and 4 h interval after the beginning of the measurement at soil temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$ (at 60% WHC). Air samples were collected using a syringe attached to the cap of closed bottles that contained the soil samples. The $CO_2$ concentration of each gas sample was measured by gas chromatography. Rs was strongly correlated with soil temperature (r, 0.93 to 0.96; P < 0.001). For MD, MC, ID, and IC soils taken from 0-5 cm below the surface, exponential functions explained 90%, 82%, 92%, and 86% of the respective data plots. The temperature and Rs data for soil taken from 5-10 cm beneath the surface at MD, MC, ID, and IC sites also closely fit exponential functions, with 83%, 95%, 87%, and 89% of the data points, respectively, fitting an exponential curve. The soil organic content in mature forests was significantly higher than in soils from immature forests (P < 0.001 at 0-5 cm and P < 0.005 at 5-10 cm) and surface layer (P = 0.04 at 0-5 cm and P = 0.12). High soil organic matter content is clearly associated with high Rs, especially in the surface layer. We determined that the incubation method used in this study have the possibility for comprehending complex characteristic of Rs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2016

Objectives: Central obesity plays a major role in the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Chronic stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of central obesity. Although several large-scale genome-wide association studies have reported susceptibility genes for central adiposity, the effects of interactions between genes and psychosocial stress on central adiposity have rarely been examined. A recent study focusing on Caucasians discovered the novel gene early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), which was associated with central obesity-related traits via interactions with stress levels. We aimed to evaluate EBF1 gene-by-stress interaction effects on central adiposity traits, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 1467 Korean adults were included in this study. We selected 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EBF1 gene and analyzed their interactions with stress on central adiposity using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic modeling. Results: The four SNPs that had strong linkage disequilibrium relationships (rs10061900, rs10070743, rs4704967, and rs10056564) demonstrated significant interactions with the waist-hip ratio in the dominant model ($p_{int}$<0.007). In addition, two other SNPs (rs6556377 and rs13180086) were associated with VAT by interactions with stress levels, especially in the recessive genetic model ($p_{int}$<0.007). As stress levels increased, the mean values of central adiposity traits according to SNP genotypes exhibited gradual but significant changes (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that the common genetic variants for EBF1 are associated with central adiposity through interactions with stress levels, emphasizing the importance of managing stress in the prevention of central obesity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2006

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the jelly prepared with various levels of resistant starch were investigated in this study. Water content of RS10 sample group had significantly the highest value of 12.55% and that of the RS20 sample group had significantly the lowest value of all (p<0.05). RS20 sample group had significantly the highest value in sweetness. The value of pH were decreased with increased levels of the resistant starch in jelly preparation. The Hunter L values were not significantly different among the sample groups, but the RS20 sample group had the highest value of all. The hardness was increased as the addition levels of the resistant starch was increased. Results of sensory characteristics of RS20 sample group showed significantly the higher values in strawberry aroma, sweetness and after taste and significantly the lower value in stickiness than those in the other sample groups at p<0.05. Strawberry flavor, springiness and glossiness of RS5 sample group had significantly the largest values of all (p<0.05). The sensory properties of clarity and glossiness were negatively correlated with the mechanical properties of the color value and hardness at p<0.05. Sensory sweetness and after taste showed negative correlation with the values of pH in jelly preparation(p<0.05).

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제36C권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1999

Reed-Solomon(RS) 부호는 CD-ROM, HDTV, ATM 그리고 디지털 VCR 등 여러 분야에서 연집(burst) 오류를 정정하기 위해 적용되어 왔다. RS 부호를 복호하기 위해서는 Berlekamp-Massey 알고리즘, 유클리드 알고리즘 그리고 수정 유클리드 알고리즘(MEA)이 개발되었다. 최근에는 이들 중에서도 MEA가 가장 자주 사용되었다. 본 논문은 부호의 복호에 사용되는 MEA을 위한 효율적인 반복 셀 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 구조의 두 가지 주된 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, MEA의 수행에 있어 기존의 방법[1] 보다 약 25% 적은 수의 클럭 사이클을 이용한다. 둘째, MEA 수행에 소비되는 클럭 사이클의 수가 부호의 길이 n보다 큰 경우 MEA 셀의 개수를 줄일 수 있었으며, 수신된 워드를 위한 버퍼 요구량 또한 줄일 수 있었다. 예로써 (128,124) RS 부호에 대한 MEA 회로가 VHDL을 통하여 기술되고 검증된다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2009

P2P 온라인 게임 시스템에서 대규모 사용자의 동시 접속을 수용할 수 있는 안전한 게임 운영 시스템이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 P2P 온라인 게임 시스템은 RS(Region Server)들의 재구성 및 RS간의 상호 정보 교환을 통해 한 영역에 플레이어가 집중되는 현상을 피하여 대규모 플레이어를 수용할 수 있으며, 안전한 게임을 운영할 수 있다. 또한 모니터링 서버의 광역 버퍼(Global Zone Buffer)를 이용한 부하분산으로 타임스탬프 시간 내의 게임 동기화가 가능하며, 미들웨어를 단위 영역별로 관리하여 게임 월드의 크기에 관계없이 수행 가능하다. 따라서, 고비용의 서버 추가 문제 및 메시지 전송의 안정성을 확보할 수 있다. 또한, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안 시스템에 대한 효율성을 입증한다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2013

Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of hepatic diseases and the assessment of liver status. They also have epidemiological significance to be prospective risk factors for bone diseases, such as osteitis deformans, rickets, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, healing fractures, and osteoblastic bone tumors. In the previous study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes have been reported to be associated with serum levels of liver enzyme in American population. We aimed to confirm whether the genetic variation of RETNLB (resistin like beta) gene also influence the serum levels of liver enzyme in Korean population. We genotyped variants in or near RETNLB in a population-based sample including 994 Korean adults. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in RETNLB gene with serum levels of liver enzyme. By examining genotype data of a total of 944 subjects in 5 hospital health promotion centers, we discovered the RETNLB gene polymorphisms are associated with serum levels of ALP. The common and highest significant polymorphism was rs736327 (${\beta}$=8.66, P=2.37E-05), rs7639070 (${\beta}$=8.56, P=3.24E-05) with ALP in all groups. Furthermore, the ALP was consistently associated with rs736327 (${\beta}$=10.40, P=5.23E-05), rs7639070 (${\beta}$=10.32, P=6.74E-05) in the male population. Consequently, we found statistically significant SNPs in RETNLB gene that are associated with serum levels of ALP. In addition, these results suggest that the individuals with the minor alleles of the SNP in the RETNLB gene may have elevated serum levels of ALP in the Korean population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Many studies have revealed an association between fat mass and the obesity-related gene (FTO) and obesity. On the other hand, no meta-analysis was conducted with data from only Koreans. Therefore, this study performed a meta-analysis using Korean data to provide evidence for the association between FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of obesity among Korean adults. SUBJECT/METHODS: Meta-analysis was finally conducted with data extracted from seven datasets of four studies performed on Korean adults after the screening passed. Five kinds of FTO SNPs (rs9939609, rs7193144, rs9940128, rs8050136, and rs9926289) were included, and the relationship between FTO SNPs and body mass index (BMI) was investigated using linear regression with an additive model adjusted for covariants, such as age, sex, and area. RESULTS: The minor alleles of FTO SNPs were associated with increased BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-1.42). In sub-group analysis, FTO rs9939609 T>A was significantly associated with BMI (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.42). The other FTO SNPs together were significantly associated with BMI (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.25-1.49). The publication bias was not observed based on Egger's test. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that minor alleles in the FTO SNPs were significantly associated with an increased BMI among Korean adults. This meta-analysis is the first to demonstrate that minor alleles in the FTO SNPs contribute significantly to the increased risk of obesity among Korean adults using data from a Korean population.