• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2018

The $TIS21^{/BTG2/PC3}$ gene belongs to the antiproliferative gene (APRO) family and exhibits tumor suppressive activity. However, here we report that TIS21 controls lipid metabolism, rather than cell proliferation, under fasting condition. Using microarray analysis, whole gene expression changes were investigated in liver of TIS21 knockout (TIS21-KO) mice after 20 h fasting and compared with wild type (WT). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ($PPAR{\alpha}$) target gene expression was almost absent in contrast to increased lipid synthesis in the TIS21-KO mice compared to WT mice. Immunohistochemistry with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that lipid deposition was focal in the TIS21-KO liver as opposed to the diffuse and homogeneous pattern in the WT liver after 24 h starvation. In addition, cathepsin E expression was over 10 times higher in the TIS21-KO liver than that in the WT, as opposed to the significant reduction of thioltransferase in both adult and fetal livers. At present, we cannot account for the role of cathepsin E. However, downregulation of glutaredoxin 2 thioltransferase expression might affect hypoxic damage in the TIS21-KO liver. We suggest that the $TIS21^{/BTG2}$ gene might be essential to maintain energy metabolism and reducing power in the liver under fasting condition.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.237-250
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• 2016

This paper is to explore the relationship between the San-Nong expenditure and Quality of life of rural residents in China for the period of 1978-2013, using the unit root test, the Granger causality test, the cointegration test, VAR model, and VECM. The results of a study on the relationship between two variables show that an obvious mutually causal relationship exits between the financial expenditure for San-Nong(san) and gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery(apro) in China. But the case of per capita ploor space of newly built residential buildings in rural area(rho) and per capita consumption expenditure of rural households(rli) show that the financial expenditure for San-Nong(san) press for improvement in the quality of life of rural residence, while rho and rli have not yet apparent effect to san. On the other hand, It showed that the financial expenditure for San-Nong(san) and the number of medical personnel(prdo) do not have a causal relationship with each other. Therefore, the government needs to find ways for a variety of San-Nong expenditure to improve the quality of life of rural residents.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.3 s.274
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• pp.211-217
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• 2005

[ $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ (x=0-0.3) films were grown on Corning 7059 glasses by asymmetrical bipolar pulsed dc magnetron sputtering. The c-axis orientation along (002) plane was enhanced with increasing Co concentration. The $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ films are grown with fibrous grains of tight dome shape. The transmittance spectra measured from UV-visible showed that sp-d exchange interactions and typical d-d transitions become activated with increasing Co concentration. The electrical resistivity of $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ films increased with increasing Co concentration, especially it increased greatly at $30at\% Co. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and alternating gradient magnetometer analyses indicated that no Co metal cluster is formed and the ferromagnetic properties are exhibited. The low electrical resistivity and room temperature ferromagnetism of $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ thin films suggested the possibility of the application to Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMSs).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2017

BTG 1 (B-cell translocation gene 1) gene was first identified as a translocation gene in a case of B-cell chronic lympocytic leukemia. BTG1 is a member of the BTG/TOB family with sharing a conserved N-terminal region, which shows anti-proliferation properties and is able to stimulate cell differentiation. In this study, we identified and characterized the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas BTG1 (cg-BTG1) gene from the gill cDNA library by an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) analysis and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The cg-BTG1 gene encodes a predicted protein of 182 amino acids with 57% 56% identities to its zebrafish and human counterparts, and is an intron-less gene, which was confirmed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA. Maximal homologies were shown in conserved Box A and B. The deduced amino acid sequence shares high identity with other BTG1 genes of human, rat, mouse and zebrafish. The phylogenic analysis and sequence comparison of cg-BTG1 with other BTG1 were found to be closely related to the BTG1 gene structure. In addition, the predicted promoter region and the different transcription-factor binding site like an activator protein-1 (AP-1) response element involved in negative regulation and serum response element (SRE) were able to be identified by the genomic DNA walking experiment. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the mRNA of cg-BTG1 gene was expressed in gill, heart, digestive gland, intestine, stomach and mantle. The cg-BTG1 gene was expressed mainly in heart and mantle.