• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Delayed arrival of blood samples from the field and a large number of samples delivered often causes delay in sample analysis leading to inaccurate measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether prolonged storage in refrigerator could influence the stability of cattle blood samples and to establish an optimal time limit for complete blood count (CBC) parameters and blood gas and electrolyte (BGE) parameters analyses. Samples collected from healthy cows were tested immediately for CBC and BGE using automated hematology, blood gas and electrolyte analyzers. Samples were kept in refrigerator at 4℃ and analyzed after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 192 h of storage. Mean differences between observations were assessed at 5% significance level using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Total CBC parameters and the platelet profile remained stable for 192 h, except for MCHC. Among leukocyte-related counts, NEU and EOS remained stable for 192 hours. WBC and LYM, and MONO values produced inconsistent measurements which recovered its initial measurement after 12 h and 24 h of storage, respectively, then remained stable until 120 h. Among the blood gas indices, PCO₂, PO₂, tCO₂, and BE showed declining and significant changes over time, but pH, tHb, and SO₂ remained stable for 192 h. Electrolyte status in the blood showed that ions are unstable and tend to change in as early as 6 h of storage. This study established that cattle blood specimens for CBC analysis can be stored for 120 h at 4℃, but specimens for BGE analyses must be tested within 6 to 24 h.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.259-276
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to parental satisfaction of the Time-Extended Daycare. The subjects of this study were 1,000 parents(mothers or fathers) or caregivers whose child range in age from 0 to 5. The questionnaire was comprised of Quality of Time-Extended Daycare, Parental Satisfaction of Time-Extended Daycare, and a demographic questionnaire. The data analyses used SPSS 20.0 which employs basic statistics, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results of this study indicated a correlation between parental satisfaction and program(r=$.60^{***}$), safekeeping(r=$.56^{**}$), nutritious meals and health care(r=$.63^{**}$). Specifically, nutritious meals and health care could predict Parental satisfaction of the time-extented daycare.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.679-683
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• 2013

Background: Dysplasia and adenocarcinoma developing in Barrett's esophagus (BE) are not always endoscopically identifiable. Molecular markers are needed for early recognition of these focal lesions and to identify patients at increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma. The aim of the current study was to correlate increased telomerase activity (TA) with dysplasia and adenocarcinoma occurring in the setting of BE. Materials and Methods: Esophageal mucosal biopsies were obtained from patients (N=62) who had pathologically verified BE at esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Mucosal biopsies were also obtained from the gastric fundus as controls. Based on histopathology, patients were divided into three groups: 1) BE without dysplasia (n=24); 2) BE with dysplasia (both high grade and low grade, n=13); and 3) BE with adenocarcinoma (n=25). TA was measured by a PCR-based assay (TRAPeze$^{(R)}$ ELISA Telomerase Detection Kit). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni testing. Results: TA was significantly higher in biopsies of BE with dyplasia and BE with adenocarcinoma than in BE without dysplasia. Subgroup analyses did not reveal any significant correlations between TA and patient age, length of BE, or presence of gastritis. Conclusions: Telomerase activity in esophageal mucosal biopsies of BE may constitute a useful biomarker for the early detection of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2002

Objectives : To investigate the relationship of serum uric acid to cardiovascular risk factors in Korean male workers. Methods : We screened 522 male workers at an electrical manufacturing company by a periodic health examination and a questionnaire survey in 2000. We collected data relating to age, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum lipid, fasting blood glucose and serum uric acid. The data were analyzed using a variety of methods, including ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate regression analyses. to examine the association between uric acid and cardiovascular risk factors with a cross-sectional study design. Results : The concentration of serum uric acid showed positive associations with BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol; it was also significantly correlated to systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Life-style characteristics, such as smoking and alcohol drinking showed no significant association. From the multivariate regression analyses, BMI, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels were found to be independent positive predictors of uric acid; while age, blood pressure and smoking status give no independent contribution explaining the variability of serum uric acid levels. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that serum uric acid level have a significant association with cardiovascular risk factors, such as BMI, total cholesterol and blood glucose in some Korean male workers.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to figure out the association of nursing activity participation and clinical practice stress with career maturity during clinical practice among nursing college students. Methods: Participants of the study were 201 nursing college students located in nationwide regions. Data collection was performed between July 18 and August 8, 2019. Data analyses were performed through an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0. Results: The results of this study were as follows. We ran multiple regression analyses to see which critical factors influenced career maturity. The general characteristics significantly associated with career maturity were preference for clinical nursing, admission to nursing college due to belief, time off, and being satisfied with clinical practice. Regarding clinical practice stress, clinic environment, interpersonal relationship conflict, inappropriate role model and conflict with patients were significantly associated with career maturity. Conclusion: This study suggested that, to improve nursing students' career maturity, nursing colleges and training fields should collaboratively make an efforts to reduce students' stress by building educational clinic environments including managing conflicts in interpersonal relationships among patients, caregivers, and medical and non-medical personnel, and improving inappropriate role models in nursing.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2017

Purpose: To quantify artifacts from different root filling materials in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired using different exposure parameters. Materials and Methods: Fifteen single-rooted teeth were scanned using 8 different exposure protocols with 3 different filling materials and once without filling material as a control group. Artifact quantification was performed by a trained observer who made measurements in the central axial slice of all acquired images in a fixed region of interest using ImageJ. Hyperdense artifacts, hypodense artifacts, and the remaining tooth area were identified, and the percentages of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts, remaining tooth area, and tooth area affected by the artifacts were calculated. Artifacts were analyzed qualitatively by 2 observers using the following scores: absence (0), moderate presence (1), and high presence (2) for hypodense halos, hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines. Two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test were used for quantitative and qualitative artifact analysis. The Dunnet test was also used for qualitative analysis. The significance level was set at P<.05. Results: There were no significant interactions among the exposure parameters in the quantitative or qualitative analysis. Significant differences were observed among the studied filling materials in all quantitative analyses. In the qualitative analyses, all materials differed from the control group in terms of hypodense and hyperdense lines (P<.05). Fiberglass posts did not differ statistically from the control group in terms of hypodense halos(P>.05). Conclusion: Different exposure parameters did not affect the objective or subjective observations of artifacts in CBCT images; however, the filling materials used in endodontic restorations did affect both types of assessments.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

Background: A set of logical criteria that can accurately identify and verify the cultivation region of raw materials is a critical tool for the scientific management of traditional herbal medicine. Methods and Results: Volatile compounds were obtained from 19 and 32 samples of Angelica gigas Nakai cultivated in Korea and China, respectively, by using steam distillation extraction. The metabolites were identified using GC/MS by querying against the NIST reference library. Data binning was performed to normalize the number of variables used in statistical analysis. Multivariate statistical analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed using the SIMCA-P software. Significant variables with a Variable Importance in the Projection (VIP) score higher than 1.0 as obtained through OPLS-DA and those that resulted in p-values less than 0.05 through one-way ANOVA were selected to verify the marker compounds. Among the 19 variables extracted, styrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and ${\beta}$-terpinene were selected as markers to indicate the origin of A. gigas. Conclusions: The statistical model developed was suitable for determination of the geographical origin of A. gigas. The cultivation regions of six Korean and eight Chinese A. gigas. samples were predicted using the established OPLS-DA model and it was confirmed that 13 of the 14 samples were accurately classified.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine how college students' attitudes toward the use of money and credit cards have affected their financial management practices. The data were collected from 231 college students in Seoul using by a self administered questionnaire. Frequencies, factor analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression were conducted using by SPSSWIN 12.0. The results from this study were as follows. First, results of the factor analysis of attitudes toward the use of money were divided into 5 dimensions such as instrument of ostentation, sufficiency of desire, source of anxiety, diligence and economy, and instrument of preparation for the future. Attitudes toward the uses of credit cards were divided into 3 dimensions, such as positive affection, cognition of reverse function, and attitudes of use-behavior. Financial management practices were divided into 2 dimensions: planning and performing. Second, social-demographical & economical factors, among such as gender, allowance, financial stress, number of credit -cards possessed, and expenses of credit -cards totals each month were significant in the regression analyses for the financial management practices. The results indicate that attitudes toward the use of money have a bigger effect on financial management practices than attitudes towards credit cards. Specifically, attitudes toward the use of money as an instrument of preparation for the future had the most effect on the financial management practices. These results imply that for sound financial management practices to take place, there needs to be education on attitudes toward the use of money.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.327-340
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• 2022

The Collapse Margin Ratio (CMR) is a notable index used for seismic assessment of the structures. As proposed by FEMA P695, a set of analyses including the Nonlinear Static Analysis (NSA), Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), together with Fragility Analysis, which are typically time-taking and computationally unaffordable, need to be conducted, so that the CMR could be obtained. To address this issue and to achieve a quick and efficient method to estimate the CMR, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Response Surface Method (RSM), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) will be introduced in the current research. Accordingly, using the NSA results, an attempt was made to find a fast and efficient approach to derive the CMR. To this end, 5016 IDA analyses based on FEMA P695 methodology on 114 various Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames with 1 to 12 stories have been carried out. In this respect, five parameters have been used as the independent and desired inputs of the systems. On the other hand, the CMR is regarded as the output of the systems. Accordingly, a double hidden layer neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt training and learning algorithm was taken into account. Moreover, in the RSM approach, the quadratic system incorporating 20 parameters was implemented. Correspondingly, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been employed to discuss the results taken from the developed model. Additionally, the essential parameters and interactions are extracted, and input parameters are sorted according to their importance. Moreover, the ANFIS using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system was employed. Finally, all methods were compared, and the effective parameters and associated relationships were extracted. In contrast to the other approaches, the ANFIS provided the best efficiency and high accuracy with the minimum desired errors. Comparatively, it was obtained that the ANN method is more effective than the RSM and has a higher regression coefficient and lower statistical errors.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-119
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify profiles of loners and those likely to suffer academic burnout among middle school students and to determine whether these profiles differed by gender, ego-resilience, ego-weakness, and school adaptation. The participants in this study were 270 middle school students in Kyung-nam. The results showed that there were four main profiles of students related to their likelihood of being loners and suffering academic burnout: the adaptive group, which had a low tendency towards both loneliness and academic burnout; the burnout group, which had a high tendency towards academic burnout but a low tendency towards loneliness; the lonely group, which had a high tendency towards loneliness but a low tendency towards academic burnout; and the loner-burnout group, which had high tendencies towards both loneliness and academic burnout. Cross-tabulation and one-way ANOVA analyses of the four groups showed that the loneliness-burnout group had a statistically lower level of ego-resilience, higher level of ego-weakness, and lower level of school adaptation than the other groups. This paper discusses the implications for counseling middle school students and presents suggestions for future research.