• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

The influence of $O_2$ partial pressure on saturation mgnetization, coercivity, anisotropy field and effective permeability (over 1GHz) of as-deposited Co-Fe-Al-O thin films, which were fabricated by RF magnetron reactive sputtering method, were investigated. The $Co_{69.9}Fe_{20.5}A_{14.4O_{5.2}$ thin film fabricated at $O_2$ partial pressure of 4% exhibits the best magnetic softness with saturation magnetization 4${$pi}$Ms of 18.1 kG, coercivity of 0.82 Oe, anisotropy field ($H_k$) of Oe, and effective permeability (${\mu}_{eff}$) about 1,024 above 1 GHz. the electrical resistivity of Co-Fe-Al-O thin films were increased with increasing $O_2$ partial pressure, the electrical resistivity of $Co_{69.9}Fe_{20.5}A_{14.4O_{5.2}$ thin film with the best soft magnetic properties was 560.7 ${\mu}{\Omega}$am. Therefore, It is assumed that the good soft magnetic properties of $Co_{69.9}Fe_{20.5}A_{14.4O_{5.2}$ thin film results from high electrical resistivity and large anisotropy field.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.435-441
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• 1994

The inclusion compound constituted with three-dimensional metal-complex $Cd(pn)Ni(CN)_4$ has been prepared and determined the crystal structure from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Crystal data are as follows: $[Cd(pn)Ni(CN)_4]{\cdot}0.5(CH_3COCH_3{\cdot}H_2O)$, Fw = 387.35, Orthorhombic, $Pn2_1a$, a = 13.950(3) $\AA$, b = 26.713(7) $\AA$, c = 7.628(1) $\AA$, V = 2843(1) $\AA^3$, Z = 4, $D_x=1.81 gcm^{-3}$, $\mu(MoK{\alpha})$ = $28.153 cm^{-1}$, T = 297K, final R = 0.0418 for 3521($F_0>3{\sigma}(F_0)$). The metal-complex host provides tunnel cavity, similar to thiourea inclusion compounds, accommodated guest molecules $(=CH_3COCH_3\;and\;$H_2O).$ The stoichiometric host: guest ratio is 0.5. The title inclusion compound reveals another evidence for the host-selectivity, that is, the branched aliphatic guest molecule leads T-type host structure.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1986

During 34 months from October 1982 to July 1985, a clinical study was made on 217 cases of out-patients with pediatric bronchoarthma at Kyung-Hee University Oriental Hospital. ?The observed results were as follows; ?1. In the age of the patients ranged from six months to twelve years; they were almost under six years (73.1 %) The ratio of male to female was 3: 1. ?2. In case of the age to be attacked with bronchoarthma, the age 3 covered 43.9% (95 cases), and the ages of less than 6 years 86.3% (187 cases); and, especially, the age 2 - 3 covered the highest rate (18.4%; 40 cases) ?3. The contraction period of bronchoarthma was almost less than one year (70.1%; 152 cases); especially, less than one week covered the highest rate (22.1 %; 48 cases) ?4. In case of the contraction season; winter (December to February) had the highest rate (33.2%; 72 cases), and fall, spring and summer came after it. And 13 cases (6%) were attacked in all seasons. ?5. Of a day, the severe symptom was shown most frequently from 6 pm to midnight (31.3%; 68 cases), and next from midnight to 6 am (29.1%; 62 cases) ?6. The common symptoms of out-patients were productive cough (24.0%; 147 cases), easily-catch-cold (22.5%; 138 cases), dry cough (11.4%; 70 cases), and so on. ?7. In case of the history of the patients, upper respiratory infections covered 52.1 % (113 cases) bronchitis(29.0%; 63 cases), pneumonia(17.1%; 37 cases), and tonsilitis& pharyngitis(6.0%; ?13 cases): and allergic symptoms covered (42 cases: 19.3%) fetal fever & eczema (11.5%: 25 cases), and allergie Rhinitis (7.8%: 17 cases) ?8. The family of the patients were shown to have the history of bronchitis (21.6%; 47 cases), bronchoarthma (21.2%; 46 cases), and tuberculosis (16.6%; 36 cases) ?9. The factors of bronchoarthma were shown as upper respiratory infections (38.3%; 38 cases), cold weather (18.9%; 41 cases), and exercise (175%; 38 cases) ?10. Of the treatment periods of the patients, less than one month (69.2%; 150 cases) took the highest rate, in which less than a week was 33.2% (72 cases) and one or two weeks 15.2% (33 cases) ?11. The main prescriptions were kunpyunetang (79 cases; 17.0%), Agoayangyuegunpyuetang (73 cases; 15.7%) and Haepyoyangjintang (72 cases; 15.6%) ?12. In the results of treatment, 132 cases (60.9%) was improved; especially, subjective signs of 33 cases (15.2%) of them, was almost removed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze ER patient's Triage and other statistical data. The subjects were 12,618 patients who visited the ER during the year 1998. The study showed the following results; 1. The male vs female ratio was 1.3 : 1.0, the male were in the majority (56.6%), and the age range of 20-29 old was the majority (15.3). The patients who visited ER at 8-10 pm were the majority (11.5%). On Sunday the number of patients who visited the ER were 2,189, and the majority were 17.4%. On Saturday the number of patients was visited the ER were 1,944 patients the second majority (15.4%). Their traffic means : the general passenger cars (75.5%), 119 or hospital ambulance (11.3%). 2.The reasons of visiting ER were : diseases (59.2%), injuries (23.7%). The disease vs injury ratio was 100 : 69. 3. Triage : urgent 40.7%, non-urgent 38.2%, acute 17.8%, and critical 3.2%. 4. The time of waiting and staying in the ER by the Triaget: the average time was 572 minutes (9.53 hrs.). The majority of critical patients (20.5%), acute patients (24.7%) and urgent patients (21.2%) stayed 12-24 hrs., but the majority of non-emergent (27.8%) stayed not longer than one hour. 5. Treatments by the Triage : the 42.9% of critical patients, and 61.3% of acute patients, 57.5% of urgent patients were admitted. But 91.8% of the non-emergents were discharged and 4.7% was admitted. Mortality of total ER visiter were 1.7%. DAA portion was 0.86%. 26.6% of the critical patients were DAA. DAA vs DOA ratio was 1.3 : 1.0. 6. Visiting time, monthly and seasonal distribution by the Triage : the majority of critical patients (12.2%), visited 10-12 am. The majority of acute (12.9%) and urgent (11.7%) visited 4-6 pm, but the majority of non-emergents (15.1%) visited during 8-10 pm. Autumn visiter were the majority (27.6%). The percentage of non-emergent visited in Spring was 41.4% and Autumn was 41.3%. The percentage of urgents who visited in the Summer was 45.3% and the Winter was 40.4%. By clinical departments: the 48.0% of critical patients was NS. The 45.5% of acute and the 33.6% of urgent patients were IM. But the majority of non-emergent patients was PS (21.2%), and the second majority of non-emergent patients was oral Surgery (12.8%).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1043-1050
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• 2004

In this paper, Phase noise is analyzed and a novel approach of the nonlinear approximation including second order term of phase noise is presented to analyze and quantize system performance. As results, in QPSK-OFDM system, when PLL loop bandwidth is 5.0 Hz, 1.0 kHB, 0.5 kHz respectively, there are about 0.6 dB, 1.0 dB, 1.7 dB SNR penalties at BER=10$\^$-4/ compared with system without phase noise in AWGN channel. In 16QAM modulation, there are about 1.9 dB, 3.2 dB, 6.7 dB SNR penalties at BER=10$\^$-4/ respectively. At QPSK-OFDM system, comparing the previous linear approximation method with our proposed nonlinear approximation method, there is similar BER performance at phase noise variance lower than 0.02, but certain difference occurs as variance increases more than 0.02. Furthermore, analytical BER results closely match with simulation results in the OFDM system employing QPSK and 16qAM modulation. And, BER performance of QPSK-OFDM system is considerably degraded because of the BER error floor if the phase noise variance becomes larger than 0.03.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different sowing dates and cultivars on the forage yield and quality of winter rye (Secale cereale L.). The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two sowing dates such as early (15 September) and late (30 September). The subplots consisted of rye cultivars of five different maturity groups such as 'Kodiak' (Late), 'Koolgrazer' (Early), 'Danko' (Late), 'Homil22' (Medium) and 'Olhomi1' (Early). Dry matter (DM) content at early sowing (19.7%) was higher than those at late sowing (17.8%), while crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents at early sowing (16.6% and 61.6%) were lower than those at late sowing (16.8% and 63.1%). Although DM content of early maturing cultivars (Koolgrazer and Olhomi1) was higher than the other cultivars, CP and TDN contents of those were lower compared to other cultivars. The contents of fiber components (ADF, NDF and cellulose) at early sowing were higher than those at late sowing, while ADL and hemicellulose at early sowing were lower than those at late sowing. ADF and cellulose of early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the other cultivars, while ADL and hemicellulose of Danko were higher than that of the other cultivars. DM, CP, In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and TDN yields at early sowing were higher than those at late sowing, and early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the other cultivars. Results of this study indicate that forage production technology in combination with early sowing and use of early maturing rye cultivar could enhance both production and quality of rye.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.114-132
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• 1988

Aiming to appraise student's health status and recommend improvement and strengthening of the school health services, statistical analysis of the results of health examination were done with summarized data which were collected nation-wide through the Ministry of Education. After analysis of data obtained, the results of the study summarized as follows; 1) Requested Adequate care Requested Adequate care showed from 5 % to 3% in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In sexes, Requested Adequate in girls (2.8%) more apparent than in boys (2.5%) 2) Eyes i) Weak vision, abnormal refraction of eyes (myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism), eye diseases (trachoma, others) were found as shown in the Table 2, Figure 3. Weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes showed from 2 % (Elementary), 5 % ( Secondary) to 4 % (Elementary), 14 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In both sexes, the older the age of students the more weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes had rapidly increased especially in over 15-year old. ii) Eye diseases (trachoma, others) showed from 2% to age of students the more diseases had students. 3) Ear, nose and pharynx Hearing disturbance, ear diseases (otitis mediae, others), nose (empyema, hypertrophy) and pharynx diseases were found as following 1) Hearing disturbance was found from 0.3%(Elementary), 1 %(Secondary) to 0.05 % (Elementary), 0.4 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively, however, recently the older the age of students the more had students. ii) Ear diseases showed from 1.7 % (Elementary) 1.0 % (Secondary) to 0.3 %(Elementary), 0.5%(Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. iii) In diseases of the nose and pharynx, tonsilitis showed from 2.5% (Elementary), 3.5 % (Secondary) to 1.8 % ( Elementary). 2.5% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 4) Skin Infectious skin diseases and other skin diseases were found from 1.5% to 0.6% in 1962 am 1984 respectively. 5) Teeth Dental caries (in milk and permanent teeth) and otner oral diseases are shown from 12 % (Elementary), 8%(Secondary) to 75%( Elementary), 25% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 6) Other defects and diseases A relatively higher morbidity was shown in the tubercular diseases, in anemia, and in heart diseases among the tuberculous diseases, nodular diseases, Pleurisy, heart diseases, anemia, beriberi, hernia, neurasthenia, speech difficulty, mental disorders, bone dysformity, motion difficulty of extremities. In both sexes, tuberculous diseases were found almost equally in both sexes and anemia in girls was more apparent than in boys. Trying to provide more effective health services in schools : i) A better and more effective physical examination should be carried out in each school and prior to the physical examination, the qualified daily observation of children by teacher should be keenly practiced. ii) According to the results of the required annual physical examination the leading cause of morbidity were dental caries, myopia, angina and otitis mediae and fore these diseases follow up should be carried out. iii) For prevention and treatment of diseases and defects health education for students in the classroom as well as to parents is urgently requested.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2006

Using PCR amplification, we cloned a cellulase gene (ce/H) from the Bacillus subtilis AH18 which has plant growth-promoting activity and antagonistic ability against pepper blight caused by Phytophthora capsici. The 1.6 kb PCR fragment contained the full sequence of the cellulase gene and the 1,582 bp gene deduced a 508 amino acid sequence. Similarity search in protein database revealed that the cellulase of B. subtilis AH18 was more than 98% homologous in the amino acid sequence to those of several major Bacillus spp. The ce/H was expressed in E. coli under an IPTG inducible lac promoter on the vector, had apparent molecular weight of about 55 kDa upon CMC-SDS-PAGE analysis. Partially purified cellulase had not only cellulolytic activity toward carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) but also insoluble cellulose, such as Avicel and filter paper (Whatman No. 1). In addition, the cellulase could degrade a fungal cell wall of Phytophthora capsici. The optimum pH and temperature of the ce/H coded cellulase were determined to be pH 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was activated by $AgNO_3$ or $CoCl_2$. However its activity was Inhibited by $HgC1_2$. The enzyme activity was activated by hydroxy urea or sodium azide and inhibited by CDTA or EDTA. The results indicate that the cellulase gene, ce/H is an antifungal mechanism of B. subtilis AH18 against phytophthora blight disease in red-pepper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-37
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to establish more rational and practical planning theory for amusement park. It analyze and consider the fluctuation of people who come and use the Tong-Ch'on amusement park. The results drawn from this reserch work are as follows; 1. The main visitors of the Tong-Ch'on amusement park are students in their twenties and thirties, and people whose incomes are below 300,000 Won a month. The purpose of visit is for a rest rather than for amusement and user prefer summer, while the user is so rare in wintertime. Those phenomena observed are somewhat different from the real purpose of a amusement park which is on purpose to make profits by offering entertainments to the users. So planner should pay attention to the three points. They are varieties, seasonable diversification and fantastic character of facilties, in the amusement park. 2. The access time of the Tong-Ch'on amusement park was 41 minutes, the use frequency was 4 times a year and resident time was 164 minutes. The relationship of the three factors are as follows; log Y(F) =1.7832-0.0277(A.T) R$^2$=0.75 Y(R. F)=31.8885+3.3217(A.T) R$^2$=0.53 Y(R. T)=224.8959-87.8309 1og(F) R$^2$=0.38 F;Use frequency(time/year) A.T;Access Time(minute) R.T;Resident Time(minute) 3. In the choice of space, there were much differences according to tole user's age, job, degree of education, companion type and purpose of use. 4. There are considerable correlation between use fluctuation and some factors. The factors are season(summer, winter) as a time, temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine, weather(rainy-day) as a climate and a day of the week(weekday, holiday) as a social system. The important variables are temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine and a day of the week(weekday, holiday) to estimate the user of amusementpark. 5. 1 can reduce the following two types of regression models. 1) log$\sub$e/ Y1 = 6.9114 + 0.l135 TEM + 0.00002 SUN -0.4068W1 + 0.4316 W3 (R$^2$= 0.94) 2) log$\sub$e/ Y2 = 7.2069 + 0.l177 TEM - 0.0990 CLO + 0.4880 W3 (R$^2$=0.95) Y; Number of User TEM; Temperature CLO; Amount of cloud SUN; Duration of Sunshine W1; Weekday W3; Holiday Those model is in order to estimate the user for management of Tong-Ch'on amusement park and use on the computation of facility sloe for reconstruction. Besides the amusement park, city park and outdoor recreation area could estimate of user through this method. But, I am not sure about the regression models because I did not apply the regression models to the other amusement park, city Park or outdoor recreation area. Therefore, I think that this problem needs to be studied on in the future.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.417-423
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• 2011

A series of new quinoxaline-based thiophene copolymers (PQx2T, PQx4T, and PQx6T) was synthesized via Yamamoto and Stille coupling reactions. The $M_ws$ of PQx2T, PQx4T, and PQx6T were found to be 20,000, 12,000, and 29,000, with polydispersity indices of 2.0, 1.2, and 1.1, respectively. The UV-visible absorption spectra of the polymers showed two distinct absorption peaks in the ranges 350 - 460 nm and 560 - 600 nm, which arose from the ${\pi}-{\pi}^*$ transition of oligothiophene units and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between a quinoxaline acceptor and thiophene donor. The HOMO levels of the polymer ranged from -5.37 to -5.17 eV and the LUMO levels ranged from -3.67 to -3.45 eV. The electrochemical bandgaps of PQx2T, PQx4T, and PQx6T were 1.70, 1.71, and 1.72 eV, respectively, thus yielding low bandgap behavior. PQx2T, PQx4T, and PQx6T had open circuit voltages of 0.58, 0.42, and 0.47 V, and short circuit current densities of 2.9, 5.29 and 9.05 mA/$cm^2$, respectively, when $PC_{71}BM$ was used as an acceptor. For the solar cells with PQx2T-PQx6T:$PC_{71}BM$ (1:3) blends, an increase in performance was observed in going from PQx2T to PQx6T. The power conversion efficiencies of PQx2T, PQx4T, and PQx6T devices were found to be 0.69%, 0.73%, and 1.80% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW/$cm^2$) illumination.