• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2008

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Effects of air pollutants on the chemical properties of soil in Yoch'on inductrial complex were investigated. Soil pH showed severe acidity with average value of 4.3$\pm$0.13. Soil pH decreaed along the increase in altitute of Mt. Jeseok. Soil organic matter and total N was 19.2$\pm$3.6% and 4.7$\pm$0.25mg/g, respectively, which were higher than those of unpolluted area, Kongju. Available P was 41.2$\pm$3.7 $\mu$g/g, which was 4 times greater than that of unpolluted area, Kongju. Average content of total-S was 283.5$\pm$14.1 $\mu$g/g, which was 10 times greater than that of unpolluted area. Content of available Al was o.43$\pm$0.03 mg/g, which was 2 times greater than that of unpolluted area. Available Al increased as the soil pH decrease. Contents of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg were significantly lower than those in unpolluted area, because of severe leaching in acid soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

A method of conserving the vegetation at Mt. Chonggye was established to persue a practical management of the natural ecosystem by the vegetative composition analysis. As a result, the vegetation of surveyed areas was classified into two communities and four subcommunities in Mt. Chonggye. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community, known as the roadside plant community, distributed near trails under heavy human impacts. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community included two subcommunities : Digitaria sanguinalis-Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior subcommunity and Rhus chinensis subcommunities. In these communiyies, there were many naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, known as heliophilous plant. Results indicated that the vegetation had been affected by intensive human activities. It is necessary to control the naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus for conservation of the ecosystem and nature in this area. Quercus mongolica community, a common coppice woodland in central Korea, was mostly distributed around mountain tops and ridges above 529 m altitute. In the valley where the forests well conserved, the Quercus mongolica community contained the Syneilesis aconitifolia-Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus subcommunity. On the other hand, Potentilla dickinsii subcommunity was dominated in dry rocky ridge areas. In these areas, however, the vegetation and forest soil was not properly managed for conservation.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.789-796
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• 2015

The first phase of architecture design is the field survey of the site and its surroundings. To gather the information there are two methods :the traditional method of an onsite survey, and recently using 3D geometry data and high quality image mapping from online services such as Google Earth. However, the urban condition is fast changing, and information from online services may lack sufficient information. This paper presents the to fast and effective site survey method for urban site using an affordable and fully automated UAV for the architectural design field.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 1996

This study was conducted to analyse plant community structure by the altityed and slope in Tongdaesan area, Odaesan National Park. Sixty-three plots(each plots size was 100m$^{2}$) were set up and PWINSPAN and DCA method were used for vegetational structure analysis. Division of community was cleared altitude than part of slope With increasing elevation the importance values of Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis increased, while those of Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula schmidtii, Cornus controversa decreased. Survey plots were divided into 6 groups by the TWINSPAN and DCA method. The divided groups are T. amurensis community(I), Q. mongolica community(II) of upper part of slope of east and west, Q. mongolica-T. amurensis community(III) of middle part of slope, Q. mongolica-F. mandshurica community(IV), Pinus densiflora-B. schmidtii-Carpinus laxiflora community(V) of low elevation of east, F. mandshurica-C. controversa community(VI)of low elevation of west. Also, vegetational change were showed slope of east and west in Tongdaesan except top area for the last twenty yeras.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1996

The Gugogdong-Horyongbong valley forest in Odaesan National Park area was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of slope. Forty-eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 800m to 1,500m and part of the slote. With increasing elevation the important values of Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron schlippenvachii increased, while those of Abies holophulla, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Lindera obtusiloba decreased. As going from lower part to upper part of the slope, the importance values of Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron schlippenbachii increased while those of Acer mono and Ulmus laciniata decreased. Species diversity tended to decreased as increasing elevation. The range of similarity indices between elevation belts, and parts of the slope were 56.3~73.4% and 61.9~71.8%, respectively. According to importance value and cluster analysis, the studied valley forest was classified into tree forest communities of Abies holophulla-deciduous tree species community in lower and middle parts of slope at low and middle elevation belts, Quercus mongolica- coniferous tree species community in upper part of slope at low and middle elevation belts and lower and middle parts of slope at high elevation belt and Quercus mongolica community in upper part of slope at high elevation belt and top area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-87
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the Quercus mongolica forest on Mt. Sobaek (36°50'∼ 37°07'N, 128°25'∼ 128°35'E), Korea by a reciprocal averaging methol (RA ordination) and the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology. Atemporal vegetation tabel was prepared by the RA ordination. As a result it showed that the RA ordination on the first axis is very applicable for selecting the character and differential species of vegetation units of the Quercus mongolica forest. The phytosociological investigations were carried out in 34 stands on the mountain. The field data obtained were classified by the tabel comparison method. For the establishment of new vegetation units, the floristic composition of the Quercus mongolica forest was compared with those of the other vegetation units of the Mt. Sobaek, Considering the candidates of the character and differential species derived from RA ordination. As the result, the forest vegetation was classified into the following vegetation units; Fagetea crenatae Miyawaki et al. 1968 Acero-Quercetalia mongolicas Song 1988 em. Takeda et al.1994 Lindero-Quercetalia mongolicae Kim 1990 1. Lindero-Quercetum mongolicae assoc. nov. 1-1. quercetosum serratae subassoc. nov 1-2. typicum subassoc. nov. Rhododendro-Qurcion mongolicas Song 1988 em. Takeda et al. 1994. It is inferred that the Lindero-Quercion mongolicae and the Rhododendro-Quercion mongolicae corresponded to the cool-temperate forests of central and northern areas, respectively, in Korean Peninsula. Syntaxonomical synonyms were also rearranged based on the result of the present study. On the other hand, the RA ordination of stands and species on the first and second axes revealed some environmental gradients such as altitute, human impact and species richness between the vegetation units. However, the RA ordinations is considered to be less indicative for the gradients of the lower vegetation units than association. With the present study. some phytosociological problems in Korea were discussed here in detail from the floristic viewpoint.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.895-906
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• 2015

This study was carried out to the structure of plant community from Sinseongam to Jungdaesa in Odaesan National Park, furthermore, it seeks to curate the basic data for planning of the Abies holophylla's forest management in Odaesan National Park. In order to identify the current ecological environment, this study explored the actual vegetation as primary research and set to twenty plots(i.e. $400m^2$) for analysing detailed structure of plant communities. The research methodology was qualitative analysis, therefore it used TWINSPAN and DCA analysis tools. Especially, TWINSPAN performed well in several comparisons of classification techniques, DCA is one of the ordination technique showed that the plant communities. The plant community was analysed classification and ordination by TWINSPAN and DCA, moreover it was analysed the structure of plant community such as importance percentage of woody species, DBH class distribution, the index of diversity and rate of sample tree growth. The main vegetation was A. holophylla-Quercus mongolica forest and Deciduous broad-leaved forest in the communities where located in low altitude and valley, whereas main vegetation where located in high altitude and slope was Q. mongolica forest. The research site's plant communities were classified four groups. In all of communities, A. holophylla was dominant species in main canopy layer, furthermore, the three communities (community I, II, III) are growing up next generation of A. holophylla excluding community IV. The communities (community I, II, III) can be sustained current status which dominates the A. holophylla communities, simultaneously, there might be expanded the Deciduous broad-leaved communities by Carpinus cordata, Betula schmidtii and so on. While, it showed that the community IV tended to be weaken the forces of A. holophylla, therefore the community IV can be transferred to C. cordata-Deciduous broad-leaved communities in the future. The age of sample trees was 79~128(i.e. A. holophylla), 75~87(i.e. Pinus koraiensis) and 190 years(i.e. Ulmus davidiana var. japonica). The index of Shannon's Species diversity (H') were ranged from 0.3889 to 1.3332 in the communities.