• 제목/요약/키워드: ALT

검색결과 2,201건 처리시간 0.029초

프라이버시 보호 기능이 추가된 인증서 프로화일에 관한 연구 (Enhanced Certificate with User's Privacy Protection Methods)

  • 양형규
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제30권4C호
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    • pp.290-295
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    • 2005
  • CA가 공개키를 포함하는 X.509 인증서를 사용자에게 발급할 때, 사용자는 하나 이상의 subject name을 "subject" 필드와 "subjectAltName" 확장 필드에 명시해야 한다. "subject" 필드 또는 "subjectAltName" 확장 필드는 DN, 전자메일 주소, IP 어드레스 등의 계층적인 구조를 포함할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 우리는 인증서 소유자의 프라이버시 보호를 위한 요구 조건들을 제시하였고, 그리고 공개키 인증서내의 "subject" 필드와 "subjectAltName" 확장 필드에 포함돼 있는 사용자의 프라이버시를 보호하는 즉, 제시한 요구조건들을 만족하는 방법을 제안하였다.

Asynchronous Multilevel Search Strategy for Fast Acquisition of AltBOC Signals

  • Kim, Binhee;Kong, Seung-Hyun
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.161-171
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    • 2015
  • Alternative binary offset carrier (AltBOC) signals can be approximated by four synchronized direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals, each pair of which is a quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) signal at a different frequency. Therefore, depending on the strength of an incoming AltBOC signal, an acquisition technique can reduce the mean acquisition time (MAT) by searching the four DSSS signals asynchronously; the search for each of the four DSSS signals can start at one of the evenly separated hypotheses on the two-dimensional hypothesis space. And detection sensitivity can be improved by multiple levels when different numbers of search results for the same hypothesis are combined. In this paper, we propose a fast AltBOC acquisition technique that has an asynchronous search strategy and efficiently utilizes the output of the four search results to increase the sensitivity level when sensitivity improvement is needed. We provide a complete theoretical analysis and demonstrate with numerous Monte Carlo simulations that the MAT of the proposed technique is much smaller than conventional AltBOC acquisition techniques.

Metabolic Syndrome Related with Serum Biochemical Factors Affecting Serum GGT at Transitional Ages in Gumi

  • 석성자
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.317-322
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    • 2010
  • This study has been done with 1,431 subjects who visited Health Promotion Centers of the hospitals in Gumi for National Health Screening Program for People at Transitional Ages from April to December 2007. Serum biochemical tests related with metabolic syndrome were performed. Among biochemical factors related with metabolic syndrome, the mean values of serum glucose, AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol except LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in males than in females, so a significant difference by sex was observed (P<0.001). AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL were thought to be significantly affecting serum GGT for males. In contrast, ALT and HDL cholesterol were important factors for females (P<0.001). For both sexes, serum glucose and LDL cholesterol did not produce any meaningful effect on serum GGT. In males AST, ALT and HDL cholesterol were associated with high risk of abnormality of serum GGT and in females AST, ALT and LDL cholesterol were related with high risk of abnormality of serum GGT. Therefore, AST and ALT showed a significant effect on abnormality of serum GGT in both males and females. It was observed that males exhibited significantly high correlation between metabolic syndrome related biochemical factors and serum GGT than females, and their influence on abnormality of serum GGT was also higher in males than in females. Therefore, serum GGT tests performed for health screening are considered to be useful for managements of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome as well as liver function test.

일시적으로 증가하는 간기능지표에 대한 연구 (A Temporary Increase of Liver Function Indicators, AST, ALT)

  • 김숙자;전영미;송웅주
    • 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2013
  • Introduction: ALT/AST enzymes are present inside the cells. AST is found in cardiac and skeletal muscle and red blood cells but the ALT is checked mainly in the liver. In general, the rise of these two indicators shows liver damage. The usual measurements of these enzymes are used in liver function tests, but the levels of AST and ALT do not always reflect liver function. Method and Cases: 17 cases of liver dysfunction transiently were evaluated clinically, biochemically, and imaging study of sonogram in pediatric in-patients for 3 years. Result: Most common causes of transient liver dysfunction were infection, especially viral gastroenteritis, and bacterial infection interfering oral food intake. More often occurred in the children who have infant hyperbilirubinemia, positive history of mitochondrial dysfunction or hypoglycemia. Fasting study in one case of hypoglycemia patient showed reversible liver dysfunction during fasting over 20 hours fasting. Discussion: A significant increase in AST and ALT with normal bilirubin can be observed in clinically healthy people during blunt trauma, viral infection, severe pain, metabolic syndrome, fasting or accidental health screening.

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Optical Properties of Poly(N-arylcarbazole-alt-aniline) Copolymers For Polymer Light Emitting Devices

  • Wang, Hui;Ryu, Jeong-Tak;Kim, Yeon-Bo;Kwon, Young-Hwan
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 영호남 합동 학술대회 및 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막 기술교육
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2006
  • Thermally stable and solution-processable poly(N-arylcarbazole-alt-aniline) copolymers with high structural integrity were synthesized in good yields via palladium-catalyzed polycondensation of aniline with corresponding N-arylcarbazole monomers such as N-(2-ethylhexyloxyphenyl)-3,6-dibromocarbazole,bis[6-bromo-N-(2-ethylhexyloxyphenyl)carbazole-3-yl] and N-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,5-dibromomethylene-phenyl) carbazole, respectively. The optical and electrochemical properties of these copolymers were measured and compared with those of poly(N-alkylcarbazole-alt-aniline) copolymer. All synthesized poly(N-arylcarbazole-alt-aniline) copolymers showed maximum UV-Vis absorption peaks at around 300 nm in THF solution, and exhibited maximum photoluminescence peaks in the blue emission range from 430 to 460 nm. It was also found that poly(N-arylcarbazole-alt-aniline) copolymers had wider band gap energy than poly(N-alkylcarbazole-alt-aniline) copolymer.

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The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap for trochanteric pressure sore reconstruction: Technical notes to optimize surgical outcomes

  • Hifny, Mahmoud A.
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.114-120
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    • 2021
  • Background The pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has become more popular for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in neighboring areas. Nonetheless, few studies in the literature have explored the use of this flap for trochanteric ulcer reconstruction. The aim of our study is to present the author's experience of utilizing the ALT flap, with a focus on technical elements regarding the flap design and the tunneling method to maximize the reach of the flap. Methods The medical records of patients who received pedicled ALT flaps for the reconstruction of trochanteric pressure sores were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' demographic data, operative details, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results Between October 2018 and December 2019, 10 consecutive patients (age range, 13-45 years) underwent 11 pedicled ALT myocutaneous flaps for trochanteric pressure sore reconstruction. Each flap was designed around the most distal cutaneous perforator that was included in the proximal third of the skin paddle. The flaps ranged in size from 11×6 to 14×8 cm. The ALT flap was transposed through a lateral subcutaneous tunnel in five patients, while the open tunnel technique was used in six patients. All flaps survived, and no vascular compromise was observed. Conclusions The pedicled ALT flap is a safe and reliable option for reconstructing trochanteric pressure sores. An appropriate flap design and a good choice of the tunneling method are crucial for successful flap transposition.

The "Sombrero-Shape" Super-Thin Pedicled ALT Flap for Complete Scrotal Reconstruction Following Fournier's Gangrene

  • Sapino, Gianluca;Gonvers, Stephanie;Cherubino, Mario;di Summa, Pietro G.
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.453-456
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    • 2022
  • When the scrotal sac is entirely debrided following a Fournier gangrene, testes exposure poses unique challenges for the reconstructive surgeon. Despite the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is considered a workhorse in such context, aesthetic results are often suboptimal because of the lack of natural ptosis and patchwork appearance. We describe the use of a super-thin pedicled ALT flap for total scrotal reconstruction, modified according to a peculiar flap design and inset technique. A 42-year-old man was referred to our department for delayed total scrotal reconstruction 8 months after a Fournier gangrene extensive debridement. A super-thin pedicled ALT flap from the right thigh was designed: in the central portion of the ALT, a lateral skin paddle extension was marked to guarantee adequate posterior anchorage during insetting and ptosis of the scrotal sac. This particular flap arrangement has inspired the name "sombrero" as the shape is akin to the famous hat. No secondary refinements were needed, and the patient showed satisfying aesthetic and functional results at 12 months' follow-up. The ALT flap design "sombrero" modification proposed in this article can improve scrotum cosmesis and patient satisfaction in a single-stage single-flap procedure.

단순 비만아에서 간효소치와 신체 계측 및 생화학 측정치와의 관련성 (Relationships with Alanine Aminotransferase Activity, and Anthropometric and Biochemical Measures in Obese Children)

  • 윤경빈;김재영
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.30-38
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    • 2009
  • 목 적: 비만에서 발생하는 비알코올성 지방간질환은 대부분 무증상이어서 혈청 검사에서 간효소치 상승이 있거나 간초음파검사에서 지방간이 발견되는 경우에 이 질환에 대한 의학적 관심이 증가한다. 본 연구에서는 비만아와 과체중아에서 간세포손상을 반영하는 ALT 상승과 신체 계측치 및 생화학적 검사치들과의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2006년 1월부터 2008년 6월까지 충남대병원 소아청소년과에서 비만 또는 과체중으로 진단받은 142예를 대상으로 신체 계측, 생화학 검사를, 간초음파검사는 일부 환자에서 시행하였다. ALT치를 기준으로 정상 군(I군)과 상승 군(II군)으로 분류하여 신체 계측치, 생화학 검사치, 간초음파 소견을 비교하였다. 바이러스간염, 약물 유발 간염, 대사이상 간염, 내분비 장애, 유전 질환이 있는 경우는 연구 대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과: 단순 비만아에서 간전이효소치의 상승은 전체의 54.2%에서 있었으며, 남녀별로는 남아 63.0%, 여아 26.5%에서 있었다. I군과 II군의 나이는 각각 11.4${\pm}$3.3, 11.7${\pm}$3.2세로 차이가 없었다. 성별 분포는 I군은 남아 40예, 여아 25예로 총 65예, II군은 남아 68예, 여아 9예로 총 77예로 양군 모두 남아가 통계적으로 유의하게 많았으며(p=0.003, 0.001) 남녀 비는 I군 1.6:1, II군 7.6:1로 II군에서 남아의 발생빈도가 4.8배 더 높았다. 신체 계측치는 허리둘레/키 비, 엉덩이둘레/키 비가 II군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며(p=0.001, 0.046), 키, 체중, 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레, 허리둘레/엉덩이둘레 비, 비만 정도는 양 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 생화학 검사치와 인슐린 저항성에서는 AST, ${\gamma}$-GT, 총콜레스테롤 수치가 II군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고, AST/ALT비는 I군 1.10${\pm}$0.41, II군 0.55${\pm}$0.17로 II군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001, <0.001, <0.001). 중성지방, 고밀도지질단백 콜레스테롤, 저밀도지질단백 콜레스테롤 수치, 공복 시 인슐린 농도, 혈당, 인슐린 저항성 지표는 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 단변량 상관관계분석에서는 체질량지수, 엉덩이둘레/키 비, 허리둘레/키 비, ${\gamma}$-GT, 중성지방이 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 간초음파검사는 I군 11예, II군 32예에서 시행되었는데, 양 군 모두 경도의 지방간 소견이 가장 많았으며, 양 군 간에 지방간 빈도에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 비만아에서 허리둘레/키 비, AST, AST/ALT비, ${\gamma}$-GT, 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 ALT치가 정상인 군 보다 상승된 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 허리둘레/키 비와 ${\gamma}$-GT가 ALT 상승과 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보여 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 신체 계측치인 허리둘레/키 비를 ALT치가 상승된 비만아의 관리에 참고 자료로 이용해 볼 수 있겠다. 그러나 이에 대해서는 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

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만성 C형 간염에 대한 ${\alpha}$-interferon 치료 후 ALT치의 변화 (Effect of ${\alpha}$-Interferon Treatment on Serum ALT Levels in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C)

  • 이헌주
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.190-196
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    • 1993
  • HCV에 감염된 환자중 반이상은 만성간염 환자로 이행되며 이중 20% 정동서는 간경변증 환자가 된다고 하며 그 외 간세포암 발생과의 관련성도 높다고 한다. 혈청으로 인한 각종 감염경로를 차단하는 것이 현재로서는 가장 확실한 C형 간염의 관리방법이긴 하나 약 반수정도의 환자는 산발형의 감염으로 뚜렷한 원인을 찾지 못하고 있다. 따라서 만성 C형 간염의 치료는 주요한 과제의 하나이며 최근 interferon 제제로 치료하여 ALT치의 정상화, 혈청 HCV RNA의 소실 및 간조직검사상의 상태개선이 가능하다는 국외의 희망적 보고들이 계속되고 있음은 다행한 일이며 이 보고내용에는 간편한 ALT치 검사가 치료경과 관찰 및 판정의 지표로 사용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 저자는 1991년 5월부터 1992년 9월 사이에 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 내과에 내원하여 혈청 anti-HCV가 양성이며 임상적으로 최기간경변증 및 간조직검사상 만성간염 진단된 환자 16명에 대해 ${\alpha}$-interferon 300만 단위를 주 3회, 1-9(평균 4.0)개월동안 피하주사하고 그후 1-18(평균 7.0)개월후까지의 ALT치를 조사하였다. 치료중 대부분의 환자에서 ALT치의 감소가 있었으나 2명에서는 치료중 다시 상승되었다. 치료중단 후 6개월 이후에도 계속적으로 정상 ALT치를 보인 경우에는 9명중 4명(44.4%)였다. 대부분 환자에서 ALT치의 정상화는 치료시작후 1개월 전후에 관찰되었으며 치료중 ALT치의 파동이 있거나 늦게 정상화된 환자에서는 치료중단 후에도 ALT치의 파동이 있거나 정상 ALT치가 유지되지 않았다. 따라서 만성 C형간염 환자에서 ${\alpha}$-interferon의 치료는 간기능 개선에 도움이 되나 더 나은 성적을 위해서는 투여양과 기간을 치료에 따른 환자의 검사결과에 따라 변화시켜 사용하는 것이 도움이 될 것으로 여겨지고 이 치료에 전혀 반응이 없는 환자들에 대한 연구도 병행되어야 할 것으로 생각되며 또한 우리나라에서도 치료 후 장기간의 경과관찰, HCV RNA 검사 및 HCV genotyne에 관한 연구로서 만성 C형 간염에 대한 ${\alpha}$-interferon 치료효과를 더 정확히 평가해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 최근에는 만성 C형간염의 ${\alpha}$-interferon 치료 후의 장기효과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 여러조건들 즉 나이, 간경변의 유무, 치료전 NCV-RNA양 및 HCV와 genotype 등이 관심이 대상이 되기 시작하였으므로 향후 이점들에 대해서도 관찰이 시도되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

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The Relationships between Respiratory Virus Infection and Aminotransferase in Children

  • Oh, Jun Suk;Choi, Jun Sik;Lee, Young Hyuk;Ko, Kyung Og;Lim, Jae Woo;Cheon, Eun Jung;Lee, Gyung Min;Yoon, Jung Min
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: We sought to examine the relationship between the clinical manifestations of nonspecific reactive hepatitis and respiratory virus infection in pediatric patients. Methods: Patients admitted to the pediatric unit of Konyang University Hospital for lower respiratory tract disease between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 and who underwent reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests were examined. The patients were divided into those with increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and those with normal ALT or AST levels. Further, patients with increased ALT and AST levels were individually compared with patients in the normal group, and the blood test results were compared according to the type of respiratory virus. Results: Patients with increased ALT or AST levels had one more day of hospital stay, on average, compared with patients in the normal group ($5.3{\pm}3.1$ days vs. $4.4{\pm}3.0$ days, p=0.019). Patients in the increased ALT level group were younger and had a longer mean hospital stay, compared with patients in the normal group (p=0.022 and 0.003, respectively). The incidences of increased ALT or AST were the highest in adenovirus infections (6/24, 25.0%), followed by enterovirus (2/11, 18.2%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (21/131, 16.0%) infections. Conclusion: Nonspecific reactive hepatitis is more common among patients with adenovirus, enterovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection, as well as among those infected at a younger age. Compared with AST levels, ALT levels are better indicators of the severity of nonspecific reactive hepatitis.