• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.46-70
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• 2001

Medical Aid expenditure Increased rapidly at a higher rate than that of Medical Insurance during the period 1992-1999. To establish an effective cost containment strategy, knowledge of the cause and the nature of the increase of Medical Aid expenditure is required. The purpose of this study was to analyze increasing rates of Medical Aid expenditure by the components of medical expenses. Data were collected using the Medical Aid Statistical Yearbook during the period of 1992-1999. The major findings were as follows: 1. The annual mean increasing rate of Medical Aid expenditure between 1992 and 1999 was 22.8%, which exceeding that of Medical Insurance expenditure (17.5%) between 1992 and 1999. Since 1998, Medical Aid expenditure increased even more rapidly than in previous years, with the increase in number of Medical Aid beneficiaries. 2. Of Medical Aid expenditure, that of inpatient and outpatient annually increased 24.2% and 22.8% respectively and that of type 1 and type 2 increased annually 28.8% (outpatient) ∼29.9% (inpatient), 14.3% (outpatient) ∼ 15.5% (inpatient). Therefore, Medical Aid expenditure of inpatient and type 1 led the increase of Medical Aid expenditure. 3. Between 1992 and 1997, the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and the charges per case positively contributed to the increase of Medical Aid expenditure while the number of beneficiaries contributed negatively, but since 1998, the number of beneficiaries increased and positively contributed to the increase of Medical Aid expenditure. 4. According to the analysis of the charges per case, the increase of the price index led to the increase of the charges per case but the days of medication and service intensity also contributed to the increase of the charges per case variably by year. Considering the above findings, factors associated with the Medical Aid system affected the increase of Medical Aid expenditure in addition to the general factors of the increase in medical expenditure. In conclusion, it appears that a more intensive cost containment strategy is required to control rapidly increasing Medical Aid expenditure. For this, more precise analysis and development of policy considering the effect of the number of beneficiaries and the increase of price index is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.509-517
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• 2024

Purpose : The study examined the knowledge and health education about first aid of college students. Methods : The survey had done from October to December, 2022. Total subjects in this study were 205. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 program. Results : Regarding the difference in first aid knowledge according to the first aid education characteristics of the subjects, significant differences were observed in experience of first aid training (t=6.54, p(.01), necessity of first aid training (t=3.60, p(.01), and number of first aid training sessions (F=5.40, p(.01). In the case of first aid education experience, first aid education was necessary, and the knowledge score was the highest tn the three or more training sessions. As for the contents of first aid education, action tips in case of emergency, fracture, dislocation, sprain was the highest, and rescue and transport was the lowest. Conclusion : Continuous and systematic first aid education for college students is needed, and it is absolutely necessary to develop an advanced treatment education program to revitalize it.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.594-599
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• 2017

In this thesis, the development and the verification of the test-aid are described, providing various attitude errors through the electric stimulus to the Sun sensor. This test-aid for 2-axis analogue Sun sensor is used for polarity test in the assembly stage for GK2 satellite. The test-aid used for GK2 satellite is for COMS satellite and, due to the failure risk, manufactured by domestic company. The characteristics of the COMS test-aid used for GK2 satellite and the manufactured test-aid are showed with similar through the several tests. In this thesis, there are conformed the capability for replacing of test-aid because the characteristics of the manufactured test-aid is acquired same as that of the COMS test-aid using the controller tuning functions.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2012

Purpose: This is the descriptive research for providing the basic data necessary for the first aid education after understanding the first aid experience, first aid education, first aid knowledge, and educational needs of ski resorts workers. Methods: 323 workers of domestic 9 ski resorts were surveyed for data, which was collected using the systematic questionnaire from Oct. $6^{th}$ to $20^{th}$, 2011. The collected data has been processed using the program of SPSS Win. Version 14.0 and analyzed that according to the purpose of research in terms of real number, percentage, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. Results: 1. 58.8%(190) of ski resort workers experienced an emergency on duty and 33.6%(108) carried out the first aid for emergency patients on duty. 2. 65.6%(210) of workers experienced first aid education. 3. The percentage of correct answers of first aid knowledge was average 46.8% and average $9.35{\pm}2.54$ points out of total 20 points. 4. The first aid educational necessity indicated as follows: ski resort workers need first aid education (97.5%, 306); workers want to have the education if they have chance (94.6%, 296 persons); in addition, they need the repeated education of first aid (95.6%, 301). Conclusion: It is understood that as special first aid service can be delayed in ski resorts due to their geographical characteristics, the workers of ski resorts need the continuous and systematic first aid education enabling them to play the first responder in the first aid system when emergency situation occurs.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.155-164
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• 2005

This study investigated the possibility of reducing the residual aluminum (Al) in the treated water using polymers. Two raw waters (lake and river water) and three kinds of polymers (coagulant, flocculant, and filtration aids) were used for this purpose. This study found that coagulation at the high dose did not necessarily lead to the high concentration of the residual Al in the treated water. The coagulation efficacy was found more important in determining the residual Al than the coagulant dose. The use of a polymer enhanced the removal of turbidity as well as the residual Al. The coagulant aid removed the dissolved Al as well as the particulate Al by helping the coagulation and the solid-liquid separation. The flocculant aid and the filtration aid preferentially removed the particulate Al while helping the solid-liquid separation. The filtration aid reduced the residual Al substantially more effectively than the flocculant aid. The polyamine-based coagulant aid (FL) showed the better performance in reducing the residual Al and turbidity than DADMAC (WT). The cationic flocculant aid with weak charge density and the medium molecular weight (SC-020) showed the best performance in reducing the residual Al.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.230-239
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• 2012

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an enzyme that is predominantly expressed in germinal center B cells and plays a pivotal role in immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation for antibody (Ab) maturation. These two genetic processes endow Abs with protective functions against a multitude of antigens (pathogens) during humoral immune responses. In B cells, AID expression is regulated at the level of either transcriptional activation on AID gene loci or post-transcriptional suppression of AID mRNA. Furthermore, AID stabilization and targeting are determined by post-translational modifications and interactions with other cellular/nuclear factors. On the other hand, aberrant expression of AID causes B cell leukemias and lymphomas, including Burkitt's lymphoma caused by c-myc/IgH translocation. AID is also ectopically expressed in T cells and non-immune cells, and triggers point mutations in relevant DNA loci, resulting in tumorigenesis. Here, I review the recent literatures on the function of AID, regulation of AID expression, stability and targeting in B cells, and AID-related tumor formation.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-80
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• 2014

After the outbreak of the Korean War on June 25, 1950, the US included the Republic of China on Taiwan (Taiwan hereafter) in its Asia-Pacific containment line, and restored the military and economic aid to Taiwan for the sake of regional security. The US aid to the countries along the Asia-Pacific defense line was not only in the form of supplying munitions, but also linked these countries together in an economic dimension. Taiwan is one of the 120 countries which had accepted US aid and also successfully moved from "dependence" to "independently sustained growth." This article will firstly review the historical background of US aid to Taiwan and related institutional development; secondly, this article will illustrate how Taiwan used US aid, and which economic sector the US aid affected; thirdly, it will trace the impact of US aid on Taiwan's foreign trade, and finally, to make a conclusion.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper examines whether foreign aid influences public sector efficiency in policy areas of administration, education, and stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study uses panel data of 77 aid recipient developing countries over the period 2000-2020 and employs various panel data techniques to estimate. Results: We found that a percentage change in foreign aid increases administrative efficiency by 0.02 to 0.04 on average ceteris paribus in the short run. On the other hand, a percentage increase in foreign aid decreases education efficiency by 0.005 to 0.006 on average. While the impact of foreign aid on the policy area of stability is insignificant. Conclusions: The empirical results of this study have important implications for both donors and aid recipient countries. It suggests that to get positive influence from foreign aid, in the area of education and stability, the recipient countries need to increase accessibility of secondary schools with quality education especially; technical and vocational. Also, the donor should provide a minimum threshold amount of foreign aid to developing countries for reforming the institutions' capacity building.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

This research, by analyzing the current first aid education status in K district, Seoul and comparing first aid education systems in other developed countries, introduces the need of first aid/Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) education with Automated External Defibrillator(AED) usage to high school students, who are on the verge of becoming adults. The thorough research shows that schoolsshould be appointed as mandatory facilities for AEDs by laws and execute first aid education to their students. Only through organized and consistent first aid education would the students develop into true volunteers who not only have altruistic minds, but the ability to fluently adapt to medical emergency and properly use AED. In addition, the research also outlines various laws that could be legislated such as having to master the basic degrees of first aid education before getting driver's license and graduating high school so that more people become aware of first aid.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2024

This study surveyed 171 police officers working in Jeollabuk-do to investigate their first aid knowledge and the need for education. The results showed that the correct answer rate for first aid knowledge among police officers was 75.61 points out of a possible 100 points. Additionally, 98.8% of respondents indicated a need for first aid training, expressing a preference for 2-hour sessions integrated with their work education. There was a statistically significant difference in the correct answer rate for first aid knowledge based on education level and experience in emergency situations, but no significant difference in the need for education was observed across respondents. The significance of this research lies in its provision of foundational data for first aid education among police officers, which can be instrumental in developing training programs and policies aimed at enhancing their first aid capabilities. Specifically, the study contributes to improving the effectiveness of police officers' responses in emergency situations by offering concrete suggestions on the content, method, and duration of first aid training. These findings underscore the necessity and importance of providing comprehensive and effective first aid training not only to police officers but to all first responders, emphasizing that such training is crucial for ensuring public safety.