• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2003

Generally, two different types of fructose polymer are found in nature. One is inulin, whose fructosyl residues are linked mainly by a ${\beta}-(2,1)-linkage$, while the other is high-molecular-weight levan, whose fructosyl residues are linked mainly by a ${\beta}-(2,6)-linkage$. In contrast to the extensive studies on the prebiotic properties of inulin, there has been no report on the effect of levan on the large bowel microflora in viva. Therefore, to examine whether dietary levan can be used as a prebiotic, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed one of two diets for 3 weeks: 1) basal diet plus sucrose; 2) basal diet plus 10% (wt/wt) levan. The cecal bowel mass, cecal and colon short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), pH, and microflora were then compared. The intake of the levan-containing diet significantly increased the total cecal weight and wall weight. The analyses of the SCFAs in the cecal and colonic contents revealed that levan was converted into acetate, butyrate, and lactate, which resulted in acidic conditions. The intake of levan also significantly increased the total number of microorganisms by 5-fold and lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) 30-fold in the feces. Accordingly, the current work shows that levan can be used as a prebiotic for stimulating the growth of LAB in an animal model.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2007

당느릅나무(Ulmus davidiana Planch) 기내번식 방법을 개발하기 위해 유식물의 뿌리로부터 부정근을 유도 한 후 이들 부정근 절편으로부터 부정아 유도과정을 거쳐 식물체를 재생시켰다. 기내발아 식물체의 뿌리 절편을 0.2 mg/L IBA 처리한 1/2 SH 배지에 배양한 결과 다수의 부정근을 유도할 수 있었다. 유도된 부정근으로 부터 절편을 만들어 부정아 유도를 위해 MS배지에 4가지 종류의 cytokinin(zeatin, 2-iP, BA, kinetin)을 첨가한 결과 0.2 mg/L kinetin을 첨가한 배지에서 가장 높은 부정아 유도율과 절편 당 부정아수를 얻었다. 유도된 부정아로부터 줄기생장 및 뿌리유도를 위한 실험에서 줄기 생장은 1/2 WPM배지에서 가장 양호하였고, 뿌리유도는 1/4 WPM배지에는 가장 양호하였다. 또한 기내 재분화묘를 기외로 순환시킨 결과 4주후 100%의 식물체 생존율을 얻었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.660-666
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 식용유지로 사용되는 돈지, 대두유 및 고추씨유를 $100^{\circ}C$에서 3일간 저장하면서 열안정성을 비교하고, 캡사이신의 첨가가 대두유 및 돈지의 산화안정성 효과에 대하여 실험하였다. 그 결과 돈지>대두유>고추씨유의 순서로 고추씨유가 가장 열에 안정적임을 밝혔다. 가장 열에 안정한 고추씨유를 돈지와 대두유에 혼합했을 때의 저장기간에 따른 산화 정도를 비교하였는데, 돈지에서는 고추씨유 30% 이상에서 산화가 억제되지만, 대두유에서는 그보다 많은 60% 이상이 혼합되어야 산화가 억제되었다. 또한 고추씨유의 주요 성분인 캡사이신을 고추씨유에 함유된 양만큼을 대두유와 돈지에 각각 첨가하여 열처리 했을 때 산화안정성에 미치는 영향도 검토하였다. 그 결과 1,200 ppm과 2,400 ppm의 캡사이신, 또는 0.3% 알파-토코페롤을 대두유에 첨가하였을 때 캡사이신은 대두유의 산화에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였고 알파-토코페를은 오히려 산화를 촉진시켰다. 하지만 돈지에 동량의 캡사이신이 첨가되었을 때에는 산화를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 고추씨유 또는 캡사이신은 돈지를 소재로 하는 튀김유나 분말유지의 가공에 이용하면 매우 좋은 산화억제 효과를 얻을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.351-372
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro effects of the loss of tooth substance and root surface changes following root planing with various periodontal instruments. The 39 extracted human teeth due to severe periodontal disease were included. The total 50 root surfaces of 30 teeth were root planed with following instruments : Group 1, with Gracey curette, Group 2, with ultrasonic scaler, Group 3, with rotating root planing bur, Group 4, with Gracey curette plus rubber cup polishing, and Group 5, with ultrasonic scaler plus rubber cup polishing. Following root planing, the amount of tooth substance loss was evaluated by measuring the weight of the removed tooth substance and then 5 specimens ($5{\times}5{\times}2mm$) were randomly selected from the each group for roughness measurement. Root planed areas of each specimen were subjected to five measurements using the Profilometer and an average surface roughness values(Ra) for each group was obtained. Statistical difference for roughness values of each group was analyzed using oneway ANOVA and student t-test. For scanning electron microscopic(SEM) examination of root surface changes following root planing, 15 root surfaces of remaining 9 teeth were root planed and 3 specimens were randomly selected. The mean loss of tooth substance removed was Group 1, $7.0{\pm}1.09mg$, Group 2, $1.3{\pm}1.00mg$, Group 3, $5.8{\pm}1.72mg$, Group 4, $8.7{\pm}1.34mg$, and Group 5, $4.5{\pm}1.68mg$ following root palning, respectively. These results indicate that curette is effective instrument in the respect of diseased root substance removal. The average surface roughness values are following results : Group 1 and Group 4 were the smoothest surface ($Ra=0.34{\pm}0.06{\mu}m$, $Ra=0.34{\pm}0.04{\mu}m$, respectively) and Group 2 was the roughest surface ($Ra=2.09{\pm}0.06{\mu}m$). Statistical analysis of roughness values demonstrated a highly significant difference (P<0.05) between each experimental groups. However, no statistically significant difference in roughness values were observed between the Group 1 and Group 4. The results in this study suggest that curette and/or polishing procedure should be done after root planing with ultrasonic scaler and caution should be used with dia-mond-coated bur during routine root planing procedure.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2020

Neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly are characterized by gradual loss of memory and cognitive function. Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is associated with progressive neuronal cell damage and death in Alzheimer's disease, one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. An edible brown seaweed, Ecklonia cava, contains a variety of biologically active compounds such as phlorotannins. In this study, we comparatively evaluated the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effects of the phlorotannin-rich extract from E. cava (PEEC). The total phenolic content of PEEC and dieckol was 810.8 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 996.6 mg GAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of PEEC was 1,233.8 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE)/g and 392.1 mg VCE/g determined using ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively, while those of dieckol were 2,238.4 mg VCE/g and 817.7 mg VCE/g. High-performance liquid chromatography results revealed 48.08 ± 0.67 mg dieckol/g of PEEC. PEEC had neuroprotective effects in pheochromocytoma (PC-12) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells against H₂O₂- and AAPH-induced oxidative damage, partly due to reduced intracellular oxidative stress. PEEC treatment inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that PEEC is a good source of antioxidants and neuroprotective materials.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

Interleukin-10 (IL10) plays an important role in initiating and maintaining an appropriate immune response to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Previous studies have revealed that the transcription of IL10 mRNA and its protein expression may be infl uenced by several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter and intron regions, including rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872. However, the impact of polymorphisms of the IL10 gene on NHL prognosis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the association between IL10 polymorphisms and NHL prognosis. This study involved 112 NHL patients treated at the National Cancer Center, Korea. The median age was 57 years, and 70 patients (62.5%) were men. Clinical characteristics, including age, performance status, stage, and extra-nodal involvement, as well as cell lineage and International Prognostic Index (IPI), were evaluated. A total of four polymorphisms in IL10 with heterozygous alleles were analyzed for hazard ratios of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common histologic type (n = 83), followed by T-cell lymphoma (n = 18), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 6), and others (n = 5). Cell lineage, IPI, and extra-nodal involvement were predictors of prognosis. In the additive genetic model results for each IL10 polymorphism, the rs1800871 and rs1800872 polymorphisms represented a marginal association with OS (p = 0.09 and p = 0.06) and PFS (p = 0.05 and p = 0.08) in B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). These findings suggest that IL10 polymorphisms might be prognostic indicators for patients with B-cell NHL treated with R-CHOP.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.717-721
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• 2009

고장초 메탄올 추출물의 항알레르기 활성을 조사하기 위해, 비만세포주인 RBL-2H3 세포를 이용하였으며, 고장초 추출물을 처리한 후 IgE-항체, A23187 및 PMA를 이용하여 세포를 활성화시켜 분비되는 $\beta$-hexosaminidase, TNF-$\alpha$의 양을 측정하였다. 그 결과 고장초 추출물이 활성화된 비만세포에서 분비되는 $\beta$-hexosaminidase, TNF-$\alpha$를 농도 의존적으로 억제하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 비만세포에 탈과립이 발생할 경우 나타나는 형태학적 변화에 대한 시료의 영향을 검색하기 위해 고장초 추출물을 처리한 세포에 compound 48/80을 처리하였으며, 그 결과 고장초 추출물을 처리한 경우 대조군에 비해 탈과립이 현저히 억제되는 것을 관찰하였다. 따라서 고장초 추출물은 다양한 자극으로 인한 비만세포의 탈과립 저해를 통해 알레르기 반응을 억제시키는 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구결과는 고장초의 항알레르기 기능성 소재로의 이용 가능성을 시사해준다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2015

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a new clomiphene citrate (CC) regimen on preventing thin endometrial lining in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients receiving CC plus gonadotropin treatment with a timed intercourse cycle. Methods: A total of 114 women with PCOS were included in this trial. Patients were divided into two groups and treated in accordance with the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol. In group A, 104 COS cycles in 67 patients were included, and in each cycle 150 mg CC was given for three days, starting from day 3. In group B, 69 COS cycles in 47 patients were included, in which 100 mg CC was given for five days, starting from day 3. The thickness of the endometrium was measured on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Timed intercourse was recommended at 24 and 48 hours after the hCG injection. Results: Additional doses of human menopausal gonadotropin and the number of days of hCG administration were not significantly different between the two groups. Endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration was significantly larger in group A than group B (4$9.4{\pm}2.1mm$ vs. $8.5{\pm}1.7mm$, p=0.004). The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (38.4% vs. 21.7%, p=0.030). Conclusion: Three-day CC treatment resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate than the standard five-day CC treatment in a timed intercourse cycle in PCOS patients. Facilitating adequate endometrial growth via the early discontinuation of CC might be a crucial factor in achieving a higher pregnancy rate.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain and clinical performance after applying three different intracanal medicaments and root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients requiring root canal treatment due to symptomatic apical periodontitis were included in this study. After a glide path preparation by using PathFile, each canal was shaped with ProTaper Next file system. After the canal cleaning and shaping procedure, the canal was dried and each intracanal medicaments were adjusted (Calcipex II, TRC-paste, Metapaste). At the next visit, the patients were requested to answer the absence of the pain after the procedure. Once the patients showed no symptom, the canal was obturated with each corresponded root canal sealers (AH plus, Radic-sealer, ADseal). The patients were recalled after 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months to check the postoperative pain or unexpected clinical signs. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc comparison, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis to evaluate any differences among tested materials. Results: The average number of visits for intracanal medication was 2.69, 2.65, and 2.61 for Calcipex II, TRC-paste, and Metapaste. There were no statistically differences in post-obturation pain among three groups obturated with different root canal sealers (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of this study, three tested intracanal medicaments and epoxy resin root canal sealers showed clinically acceptable similar results.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2018

Objectives: This study evaluated the amount of remaining root canal filling materials after retreatment procedures performed by undergraduate students using manual, rotary, and reciprocating techniques through micro-computed tomographic analysis. The incidence of instrument fracture and the instrumentation time were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary single rooted teeth were prepared with Reciproc R25 files and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer by the continuous wave of condensation technique. Then, the specimens were assigned to 3 groups (n = 10), according to the retreatment technique used: manual, rotary, and reciprocating groups, which used K-file, Mtwo retreatment file, and Reciproc file, respectively. Retreatments were performed by undergraduate students. The sample was scanned after root canal filling and retreatment procedures, and the images of the canals were examined to quantify the amount of remaining filling material. The incidence of instrument fracture and the instrumentation time were recorded. Results: Remaining filling material was observed in all specimens regardless of the technique used. The mean volume of remaining material was significantly lower in the Reciproc group than in the manual K-file and Mtwo retreatment groups (p < 0.05). The time required to achieve a satisfactory removal of canal filling material and refinement was significantly lower in the Mtwo retreatment and Reciproc groups (p < 0.05) when compared to the manual K-file group. No instrument fracture was observed in any of the groups. Conclusions: Reciproc was the most effective instrument in the removal of canal fillings after retreatments performed by undergraduate students.