• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.80-99
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• 2000

This study was designed to find the characteristics and patterns in subjectivity of an attitude on the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. Q-methodology was used as a research design and the research procedures were as follows. Q-sampling has been derived from the literature review and interview. Its credibility and validity were also tested by nursing professors. Total of 34 statements were selected. P-sampling has been drawn and 32 samples were selected. Based on 9 point scale. the selected respondents rated their operant definition on the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. The results of above procedures were analyzed by PCQ program. The attitude about the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image were analyzed based on the typical array. extreme comments. and the demographic information of study subjects. The results revealed that there were four types of attitude about the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. The four types were named as follows; 1) The first type. agree of problem-solving perspectives. was consisted of 8 subjects. They emphasized that the nurse should solve a patient's problem promptly and precisely for advancing nursing image. 2) The second type. agree of kindness perspectives. was consisted of 5 subjects. They insisted that the nurse should be kind to patient and his family for advancing nursing image. 3) The third type. agree of love and service perspectives. was consisted of 4 subjects. They emphasized nursing spirit based on love and service for advancing nursing image. 4) The fourth type. agree of professional knowledge perspectives. was consisted of 6 subjects. They emphasized that the nurse should construct of professional nursing knowledge for advancing nursing image. As a result. this study discovered three types of the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. By identifying the nature of each of four types. this study can be useful to develop efficient strategies for advancing nursing image.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7693-7699
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• 2013

Aims: A main reason for increasing incidence of cervical cancer worldwide is the lack of regular cervical cancer screening. Coverage and uptake remain major challenges and it is crucial to determine the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, as well as the benefits of, and barriers to, cervical cancer screening among women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 369 women attending an outpatient centre in Malaysia and data were collected by administering a self-report questionnaire. Results: The majority of the participants (265, 71.8%) showed good level of perception of their susceptibility to cervical cancer. Almost all responded positively to four statements about the perceived benefits of cervical cancer screening (agree, 23.1% or strongly agree, 52.5%), whereas negative responses were received from most of the participants (agree, 29.9%or strongly agree, 14.6 %) about the eleven statements on perceived barriers. Significant associations were observed between age and perceived susceptibility($x^2$=9.030, p=0.029); between employment status (p<0.001) as well as ethnicity and perceived benefits (p<0.05 [P=0.003]); and between education and perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening (p<0.001). Conclusions: Perceived susceptibility, including knowledge levels and personal risk assessment, should be emphasized through education and awareness campaigns to improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in Malaysia.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2016

Purpose: Modified Mau and Akin osteotomy for hallux valgus is followed by moderate to severe postoperative pain. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block can be an effective option for pain control. We attempted to evaluate the efficacy of the ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in controlling postoperative pain. Materials and Methods: The charts of 59 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed between December 2014 and August 2015. Twenty-eight patients (the patient group) has received the ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block after surgery, and 31 patients (the control group) has not received such procedure. The primary outcome was the satisfaction scale for postoperative pain control and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Results: The VAS score at postoperative day one was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The satisfaction scale for pain control for postoperative 1 day was significantly different between the two groups. In patient group, most patients have rated positively ('strongly agree' 42.9%, 'agree' 42.9%); however, in the control group, the rating scales were distributed relatively negatively ('strongly agree' 9.7%, 'agree' 22.6%, 'neutral' 29.0%, 'disagree' 25.8%, 'strongly disagree' 12.9%). The number of postoperative rescue analgesics injection was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. Conclusion: Postoperative ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was effective for pain relief after hallux valgus surgery.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-39
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• 2010

The role of the arbitrator is so significant in the international arbitration that its success or failure may depend on the credibility of the arbitrator. It has long been understood that the ideal arbitrators are should be independent, unbiased, and have the requisite legal and/or technical expertise and experience for the case at hand. Arbitrators may be selected either by agreement of the parties, by appointment by arbitral institution or by a national court. This article outlines the main method of selecting the members of the tribunal plus some of the benefits and burdens of each method. One of the most common methods of appointing arbitrators is by agreement of the parties. This approach is very attractive because it allows parties to submit a their dispute to judges of their own choice, that they also agree on. Most arbitral institutions have a panel of arbitrators and their arbitral rules. So, if disputants agree on a specific arbitral institution, they can settle their disputes by arbitration easily and quickly. If disputants are unable to agree on arbitrator(s) or a specific arbitral institution, method of selecting arbitrator(s) by national court must be employed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.108-116
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the views of elementary students and teachers in relation to life phenomenon. Students seemed to strongly agree with the notion of vitalism as well as with organicism. However they clearly disagreed with the notion of mechanism. Contrary to our supposition, their viewpoints on lift phenomenon were highly affected by their relative levels of academic achievement in science subject areas, rather than by their religious affiliations. One possible explanation for this outcome is that elementary schoolers have not firmly established religious views, though they might indeed have a religious affiliation. High-achieving children in science subject areas seemed to agree with both vitalism and organicism (p<.01), and it is suggested that those students must have had more opportunities to encounter related cases in modem science or life ethics. Teachers agreed with all three views, showing the highest rate of approval in organicism. Though they appeared to agree with mechanism, they were strongly opposed to radical mechanism generally arguing that 'organism and machines were essentially the same'. Student responses indicated that TV had a bigger influence on their viewpoint on life phenomenon than teachers did. This means that children held certain views about the relative significance and influences of teachers vis-a-vis TV in daily life, and is also reflective of a perception amongst students that teachers do not how the significance of viewpoints on lift phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1004-1013
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• 2002

Turbulent carbon dioxide flows and cooling heat transfers under supercritical state in a straight duct with a square cross-section are numerically analyzed employing low Reynolds number $\kappa-\varepsilon$ model and algebraic stress model. The flow is assumed to be (quasi-incompressible. Predicted Nusselt number and friction factor are compared with the experimental data, Blasius correlation for friction factor and Dittus-Boelter correlation for Nusselt number. Computational results for the Fanning's friction factor agree well with the all Rohsenow and Choi's correlation, Liou and Hwang's experimental data and Blasius correlation. The results obtained by algebraic stress model agree more with the Liou and Hwang's experimental data, while the results obtained by low Reynolds number $\kappa-\varepsilon$ model agree more with Blasius correlation. In the computation of Nusselt number, Dittus-Boelter correlation can not exactly fit the computational results. Therefore we propose the new correlation$Nu=0.053Re^{0.73}Pr^{0.4}$for the turbulent cooling heat transfer of carbon dioxide under supercritical state.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1996

High speed engines with high power are increasingly on demands and almost engines employ crankshafts Such problems as bending and torsional vibrations become the point at issue in crankshaft analysis and design. In this study to overcome the diffiiculty with the large amount of computation in finite element vibration analysis of a crankshaft, a reduction method based on influence coefficient and lumped parameter is presented. which reduces the computation amount effectively and can be used in vibrational analysis and design of any types of crankshafts Crank journal and pinparts are meodelled as elements with 6degrees of freedom per node. Crank web part is modelled using equivalent mass and stiffness matices . based up on lumped parameter and influence coefficient respectively to reduce total degrees of freedom considerablely. To confirm the scheme of the study the results are compared with the known data and they are coincident. Also a simple crankshaft is designed and manufactured for experiments. The calculated results using reduction method and the experimental results agree well The scheme of this study can be utilized in evaluation results agree well. The calculated result are compared with the known data and they are coincident. Also a simple crankshaft is designed and manufactured for experiments. The calculated results using reduction method and the experimental results agree well. The scheme of this study can be utilized in evaluation and development of high speed engine.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

Objectives This study is aimed to identify and evaluate the already developed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and contribute to making decisions in developing Korean medicine CPG of TMD. Methods We searched electronic database and selected CPGs of TMD according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, we made appraisal of selected CPGs by using AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II). Results Four CPGs are included and appraised with AGREE II. Among 6 domains of AGREE II, all CPGs failed to score over 60% in four domains. Only one CPG mentioned acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for myofascial TMD. Conclusions It is difficult to indicate that included CPGs are with sufficient quality to recommend and it appears not to be appropriate to apply these already developed CPGs in Korean medicine clinical fields. Therefore, developing a new Korean medicine clinical practice guideline of TMD is required.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.219-235
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• 2006

Based on the fact that studies on the use of radiations have not been largely conducted reflected on the importance of the use of radiations, the survey was performed to investigate the attitude on the use of radiations for some university students who have a high level of knowledges among average persons in order to extract certain directions for the education program to provide right information. The survey was performed for 517 university students from Oct. 10 to Oct. 15, 2005. The results of this survey can be summarized as follows. 1. Students who have experienced in the radiation related education presented statical differences in the results according to the majoring and monthly incomes. 2. Regarding the survey on the attitude of the use of radiations, the item of 'I agree to build a general hospital or university hospital where I lives in' was presented as the highest points of $3.73{\pm}1.004$, and the lowest point was recorded in the item of 'I agree to build an atomic wastes treatment facility where I live in' as the point of $2.63{\pm}1.091$. 3. The level of attitudes on 'I agree to build an atomic power plant or atomic wastes treatment facility where I live in' presented lower levels than that of the attitude on 'I agree to build an atomic power plant or atomic wastes treatment facility in my country'. 4. The lowest level recorded in the level of attitudes on 'I agree to build an atomic wastes treatment facility where I live in 'presented a significant difference according to the sex and grade.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.95-113
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• 2020

The worldwide diffusion of COVID-19 contributes to electronic commerce all over the world. The proliferation of high volume and small value electronic commerce naturally has combined artificial intelligence with online dispute resolution (ODR). This paper investigates the age effect on Artificial Intelligence acceptability in online dispute resolution and its empirical findings are as follows. First, seven measures out of the nine employed in this case study shows a coherent dynamic pattern over the age spectrum. In other words, the total samples are a heterogenous group rather than a homogeneous one. Second, medium answer occupies a non-negligible portion across answers from nine research questions. It seems to indicate that a considerable portion of Korean respondents are hesitant to make a choice on artificial intelligence at this juncture. Third, all of the respondents agree that the introduction of AI to the dispute resolution could contribute to the hastening of the dispute resolution process. Fourth, most of the respondents agree that artificial intelligence might have the cognitive ability but not the sympathetic or affective ability to handle the electronic commerce disputes.