• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Objectives : To gather information about the factors which influence the interest and intention of admission into charging nursing hones for the elderly(CNH), as these homes represent an important method for resolving the problems related to the rapid population aging occurring in Korea. Methods : A face-to-face interview survey was carried out with 320(men 159, women 165) patients over 60 years old who were admitted at 2 university hospitals and 5 general hospitals in the Busan area between December 1998 and March 1999. Data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results : The mean age and years of education of the study population was 67.0 and 7.7 years, and the types of chronic degenerative disease included musculoskeletal disorders(20.1%), cerebrovascular disease(17.1%), and diabetes(14.3%). The major forms of household living arrangement prior to admission were elderly alone(22.6%), and elderly couple(33.5%), while about half of them(55.5%) didn't want to live with their children id the future. Almost half were paying medication fees by themselves(46.6%). The level of actual intention of admission$(3.07{\pm}1.39)$ into a CNH was lower than that of interest$(3.22{\pm}1.33)$(p<0.01). Multiple analysis revealed that the intention of admission increased with decreasing number of future supportive persons$(\beta=-0.107)$, lower level of activity in daily life$(\beta=-0.447)$, and longer years of education$(\beta=-0.447)$ with 32.7% of $R^2$. As for the factors which determined the admission into a CNH, the fee and facilities were considered to be most important, and professional nursing and physician's care were the most desired services. In nomenclature, they preferred 'elderly hospital' or 'elderly health center' to CNH. Conclusions : Interest in CNH is increasing recently, but existing studies about patient experiences in CHN are still limited. This study may form a basis for future examinations of the needs and uses for CNH. Active financial support and public information are considered by the authors to be important factors for the induction of welfare services for the elderly, though CNH.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.597-608
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• 1994

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the environmental exposure and biological monitoring among workers exposed to metallic mercury We interviewed each workers to get the medical history including previous hazardous occupational history. We measured the respiration rate and tidal volume of each worker in order to calculate the 8-hour inhaled mercury of workers. And we wafted to evaluate the effect of exposure duration to mercury concentrations in blood and urine as biologic exposure indices of metallic mercury. The regression and correlation analysis were done to the relationships of 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine. The results were as follows; 1. The subjects were 35 fluorescent lamp manufacturing workers. The mean age of subjects was .24.8 years old, and the mean work careers of workers was 1.19 years. 89% of the total was consisted man. 2. The correlation coefficients between 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine were higher than that of only considered air mercury concentration. 3. The correlation coefficients of 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine were above 0.9 in workers who had exposed to mercury more than 1 year 4. The R-square value and -value of regression analysis between the 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine was also higher in workers who had exposed to mercury over 1 year than in workers who had less than 1 year working experience. The important results of this study were that relationships between the 8hr-inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine was very high than that with air mercury concentration only. And the results were very apparent when considering workers 1 year or more. Therefore we concluded that the work career and respiratory volume of each individuals should be considered in evaluation the, results of biological monitoring of workers exposed to metallic mercury.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2017

최근 소비패턴의 변화에 따라 대형마트, 아울렛 및 물류창고 등과 같은 구조물들이 증가하고 있다. 이와 같은 구조물들은 초평탄 바닥부재를 포함하고 있기 때문에 소성 및 건조수축에 의한 슬래브 부재의 균열 억제 관리를 철저하게 실시한다. 슬래브 부재의 균열을 억제하기 위한 방안으로 화학적 균열저감 방법을 사용하고 있으며, 특히 수축저감제에 대한 사용검토가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 국내 연구결과는 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 수축저감제를 사용한 콘크리트의 수축특성과 배합요인 변동에 따른 건조수축 특성을 검토하였다. 국내 수축저감제는 해외 고급형 수축저감제와 성능이 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 수축저감제 사용량이 증가할수록 건조수축 억제 효과는 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 수축저감제 1.5%를 사용한 시험체는 재령 100일에서 수축저감제를 사용하지 않은 시험체에 비해 건조수축량이 약 절반으로 나타났다. 또한, 혼화재료 사용에 대해 특별한 성능변화는 없는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2003

Purpose: Synthetic absorbable monofilaments offer excellent glide characteristics and cause minimal tissue trauma as a result of their smooth monofilament structure and gradual absorption within the healing tissues. For these reasons, these suture materials are commonly used in various surgical fields such as gastroenterology, urology, gynecology, and plastic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a new synthetic absorbable monofilament, Glycoside-..-caprolactone-trimethylene carbonate interpolymer (GCT), in gastrointestinal anastomosis and closure. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 55 gastrointestinal anastomoses and closures using GCT $MONOSYN^{R}$, B. Braun, Germany) in 47 patients who underwent gastric surgery between December 2001 and May 2002 at Seoul National University Hospital. Patient's characteristics, operative procedure, surgeon's opinion of handling properties of GCT, and suture-related complications were analyzed. Results: There were 34 males and 13 females (M:F= 2.6:1) with an average age of 54.2 years old. Forty-five cases of gastrointestinal anastomosis (20 gastrojejunostomies and 25 jejunojejunostomies) and 10 cases of intestinal closure (7 gastrostomy closures and 3 duodenal stump closures) were performed in 41 cases of stomach cancer, three of peptic ulcer disease, two of GIST, and one MALToma. The handling properties of GCT according to the criteria of knot breaking load, knot security, and placing property were always scored with 7 to 9 points (10=excellent, 1=very poor). Two cases of postoperative complications ($3.6\%$) were noted. One was a leak of the gastrojejunostomy site which was successfully managed conservatively, and the other was a stricture of the gastrojejunostomy site which was managed by reoperation (side-to-side jejunojejunostomy). Conclusion: GCT seems to be an applicable suture material for various gastrointestinal anastomoses and closures.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two glimepiride tablets, $Amaryl^{\circledR}$ (Handok/Aventis Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Glimed (Kuhn II Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The glimepiride release from the two glimepiride formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB 80 into each dissolution medium). Twenty six healthy male subjects, $22.65{\pm}2.19$ years in age and $66.55{\pm}8.85$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\times}\;2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg as glimepiride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of glimepiride in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Amaryl were -3.70, -8.28 and 0.61% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $log(0.84){\sim}log(1.04)$ for $log(0.82){\sim}log(1.03)$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Glimed tablet and Amaryl tablet were bioequivalent.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.2475-2482
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 해부학 실습 교육과정에 해부설명회를 도입에 따른 의학전문대학원생들의 자기평가요인(만족도, 전공 연계성, 운영 적절성, 의사소통)과 학업성취도와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 2008학년도 1학기 해부학 실습교육을 받은 의학전문대학원생들(n=57)이 일부 수업시간을 활용하여 해부설명회에 참가하였고, 보건 의료 계통의 학부생들에게 사체를 활용하여 인체 구조에 대한 설명과 토론을 마친 후 설문지와 소감문을 작성하게 하였다. 이를 바탕으로 자기 평가 요인들을 분석하였고, 2008학년도 해부학 성적과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 설문 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 자기 평가 요인을 분석한 결과, 성별, 연령, 과거 경험 유무 등의 일반적 특성과 상관없이 만족도, 전공 연계성, 운영 적절성, 언어적 및 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 모두에서 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 자기 평가 요인 중 학업성취도와 높은 상관관계를 갖는 요인은 언어적 커뮤니케이션이었다(p<0.05). 또한 언어적 커뮤니케이션은 비언어적 커뮤니케이션과도 높은 상관관계를 가졌다(r=0.673, p<0.01). 결론적으로 커뮤니케이션 기법을 활용한 해부설명회의 도입은 의전원 학생들에게 심화 학습의 기회를 제공하였고 학습동기를 유발시키며, 적극적인 학습태도를 갖게 하였다. 아울러 커뮤니케이션에 대한 중요성을 깨닫게 되었고, 타 전공자와의 상호교류를 통한 학문적 이해의 폭이 확대되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 진행과정에 나타난 문제점을 보완하고 개선한다면 해부학 실습의 개선 방안으로서 해부설명회의 활용가치가 충분하다고 판단되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.272-280
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• 1996

This study was to evaluate the associations between urinary S-Phenyl-mercapturic acid(S-PMA) as a new indicator of biological monitoring for low level of exposure to benzene and independent variables such as the air concentration of benzene in the breathing zone of workers, the years of work, and smoking. In this study the subjects were the total of 145 drawn from 53 workers who were occupationally exposed to benzene and 92 workers who were not. The results were as follows: 1. In the workplace geometric mean concentration of benzene in the breathing zone of workers was 0.31 ppm(0.02 - 3.26 ppm) for the spraying workers and 0.25 ppm(0.02 - 3.95 ppm) for the printing workers. 2. The geometric mean of uninary S-PMA for non exposed group was $8.9{\mu}g/g$ creatinine($0.6-72.3{\mu}g/g$ creatinine), 80.3% (74 workers) of the total non-exposed workers indicated less than $20{\mu}g/g$ creatinine of uninary S-PMA. The difference of uninary S-PMA by sex, age, smoking was not significant. 3. The geometric mean of urinary S-PMA for workers who were exposed to benzene was $37.2{\mu}g/g$ creatinine, and was four times higher than that of workers who were not exposed. And 79.3% (42 workers) of the total exposed workers indicated more than $20{\mu}g/g$ creatinine of urinary S-PMA. 4. Regarding the level of benzene in the air, urinary S-PMA was the highest level of $147.9{\mu}g/g$ creatinine in the workers who were exposed to air concentration of 0.5 ppm of benzene and was higher as the level in the air was increased. 5. The correlation coefficient between log urinary S-PMA and log benzene concentration in the breathing zone was 0.80, and the following linear equation was found between urinary log S-PMA and log benzene concentration in the breathing zone : log S-PMA(${\mu}g/g$ creatinine) = 0.564 log benzene in air(ppm) + 0.192 (n=53, r=0.80, p=0.000) In conclusion, the concentration of S-PMA in urine proved to be good parameter for biological monitoring benzene exposure at the workplace even at low level of benzene in air.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, the number of corporations that practice environmental and social responsibility, besides engaging in traditional profit-seeking activities, has been growing steadily, as interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasing. Recent research on CSR practices has identified the relationship between CSR activities and corporate value as one of the main issues in this respect. Considering that donations constitute a large proportion of a company's charitable activities, we considered the extent of donation expenses as a charitable activity in order to mitigate sample selection bias. Specifically, we analyzed the impact of donation expenses on firm value, while investigating if this impact varied in response to the level of corporate governance of firms. Research design, data, and methodology - We used non-financial firms listed on the Korean Stock Exchange, having their fiscal year end in December, and the sample period was 2006-2013. For the dependent variable, Tobin's q was used as the corporate value, and for the independent variable, donations were measured as the donation-expense-to-sales ratio. Corporate governance scores, as rated by the Korea Corporate Governance Service, were used to measure corporate governance levels because they consider the overall aspects of governance, including ownership structure, the board of directors, and the audit mechanism of individual companies. To examine the impact of donations on a company in relation to the level of corporate governance, we estimated regression models using the interaction terms of the governance dummy and donation variables. Then, we further estimated the regression models of two sub-samples that were classified according to the level of corporate governance. Similar to previous studies, the study uses variables that affect firm value, such as R&D expenditure, advertising expenses, EBITDA, debt-to-equity ratio, sales growth, company age, and company size as control variables. Results - The empirical results show that firm value significantly increased in response to an increase in donation expenses. Upon including the interaction terms of governance level dummy variables and donations, the coefficients of the interaction terms show significant positive values, while those of donation variables show significant negative values. In the strong governance sub-sample, the relationship between the donation expenses and corporate value was statistically positive (+) and significant. However, in the weak governance sub-sample, the relationship between the donation expenses and corporate value was statistically insignificant and negative (-). Conclusions - The empirical results suggest that donation expenses are significantly linked to an enhanced corporate value if firms have a good corporate governance structure. However, if the corporate governance structure is weak, the same relationship is not necessarily observed. The results of this study show that if a firm has high corporate governance, CSR practices enhance the company's reputation such that it has a positive (+) relationship with corporate value. If a firm has weak corporate governance, on the other hand, CSR practices are recognized as an agency cost and do not increase corporate value.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.84-102
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• 1998

In this study the levels and influencing characteristics of maternal identity and self confidence for caring the baby were identified during the immediate postpartum period. 114 primiparous women who delivered vaginally normal baby participated in the survey from August 1 to October 31, 1996. SD scale was to measure maternal identity which consisted of 11 items for mother and 6 items for baby. Likert scale was to measure self confidence for caring the baby (38 items). Cronbach's alphas for evaluating internal consistency as follows : .86 for maternal identity and .96 for self confidence scale for caring the baby. The study showed these results : 1. Mean score of maternal identity(82.03 : 52.65 for mother, 29.38 for baby) was considered relatively low. 2. Mean score of self confidence for caring the baby(113.91) was considered relatively low. 3. There were significant influencing characteristics of primiparous to maternal identity : age(total ; F=3.53, p=.0329, for mother ; F=2.60, p=.0719, for baby ; F=3.12, p=.0481), prenatal infant care preparation(total ; t=2.31, p=.0306, for mother ; F=2.62, p=.0160), knowledge about infant care during the hospitalization(for baby ; F=3.94, p=.02222), colostrum feeding(total ; t=1.95, p=.0541, for baby ; t=2.71, p=.0080), frequency of breast feeding during the hospitalization(for baby ; F=3.91, p=.0228)and feeding type after discharge(for baby ; F=3.18, p=.0456). 4. There were significant influencing characteristics of primiparous to self confidence for caring the baby : routine husband support(F=6.09, p=.0031), prenatal infant care preparation(t=2.04, p=.0574), knowledge about infant care during the hospitalization(F=3.15, p=.0467), education of breast feeding during the hospitalization(t=-1.79, p=.0850). 5. Correlation between maternal identity and self confidence for caring the baby was r=.37608(p=.0001). This study implies that special education programs for primipara are needed. For the future, this study suggest that maternal role variables need to be monitored through the home visiting follow up. Also intervention programs related to prenatal care, discharge education, home visiting follow up need to be developed and then evaluated their effectiveness.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2016

배경: 한국의 중년여성의 복부비만 유병률은 급속하게 증가하고 있으나 복부비만 관리프로그램의 종류와 그 효과가 다양하고 효과적인 중재 방법을 선택하는 데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 중년 비만여성을 대상으로 실시한 복부비만관리 프로그램의 효과를 체계적이고 종합적으로 규명하여 학문적 기초자료를 제시하는데 있다. 방법: 학술지 392편, 학위논문 380편으로 총 772편의 논문 중 중복된 자료를 제외한 647편에서 조사연구이거나 나이에 적합하지 않거나 대조군이 선정되지 않는 등, 선정기준에 부합하지 않는 604편을 제외하여 총 43편의 복부비만관리 프로그램 논문을 분석대상으로 선정하여 주요 비만지표의 효과크기를 분석하고, 각 효과크기의 이질성에 대한 설명을 위해 메타 ANOVA와 메타회귀분석을 활용하여 조절효과분석을 실시하였다. 또한 출간오류분석을 통해 연구 결과의 타당성을 확인하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 비만 중년여성을 대상으로 실시한 복부비만관리 프로그램의 표준화된 평균 효과크기는 0.22로 작은 효과크기를 나타냈고, 염증성 지표와 지방분포율은 각각 0.36으로 중간 정도의 효과크기를 나타냈으며, 대사성 지표는 0.21, 신체계측 지표는 0.18로 작은 효과크기를 보였다. 이질성은 중간 정도의 이질성($I^2=44.5%$, Q = 844.57, P<0.001)을 보였고, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) 여부나 출판여부에 따라 효과크기에 차이가 없었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과에 근거하여 최근 대두되고 있는 비만 여성에 대한 건강 증진 및 복부비만 개선에 대한 중재효과를 계량적으로 분석한 점에서 복부비만프로그램 중재의 효과파악을 위한 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.