• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.346-350
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• 1995

To assess the behavior of the various chemicals, such as ethylcholine axiridinium (AF54A), scopolamine and morphine, the chemicals were administered into eitheer rat or mice. And water maze tests were performed before and during drug administration. In AF64A-treated groups (3 nmol/each ventricle), the latencies to escape was significantly increased in both of the pretraining-and posttraining groups. In scopolamine-treatment (2mg/kg, sc) to the pretrained group, the latency to escape was significantly shortened after the acute administration of scopolamine. However in subscute treatment group with scopolamine, the latency to escape was significantly increased. In morphine-treated groups (10 mg/kg, ip), the subacute treatmment with morphine, the latency to escape was not ahcnged. The results indicate that each chemical induces the learning impariment. However the chrmical-induced learning impairment may have different characteristics upon the exposed chemical. Also the results suggest that both the motivation and the retrieval of memory might be impaired by AF64A.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.177.2-178
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• 2000

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2004

A high-density 3-transistor cell one-time programmable (OTP) ROM array using standard CMOS Gate-Oxide antifuse (AF) is proposed, fabricated, and characterized with $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The proposed non-volatile high-density OTP ROM is composed of an array of 3-T OTP cells with the 3-T consisting of an nMOS AF, a high voltage (HV) blocking transistor, and a cell access transistor, all compatible with standard CMOS technology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 1999

AF(anaerobic filter)/BAF(biological aerated filter) system and UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket)/BAF system, of which system effluents were recirculated to the anaerobic reactors in each system, were operated in order to investigate the performance in simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen in high-strength dairy wastewater. Advanced anaerobic treatment processes of AF and UASB were evaluated on applicability as pre-denitrification reactors, and BAF was also evaluated on the performance in oxidizing the remaining organics and ammonia nitrogen. At system HRTs of 4.0 to 4.5 days and recirculation ratios of one to three, the AF/BAF system could achieve more than 99% of organics removals and 64 to 78% of total nitrogen removals depending upon the recirculation ratio. Although the UASB/BAF system also showed more than 99% of organics removals, total nitrogen removals in the UASB/BAF system were 53 to 66% which are lower than those in the AF/BAF system at the corresponding recirculation ratios. Optimum recirculation ratios considering simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen and cost-effectiveness, were in the range of two to three. The upflow AF packed with crossflow module media, as a primary treatment of the anaerobic reactor/BAF system, showed better performances in denitrification, SS removals, and gas production than the UASB. Higher loading rate of suspended solids from the UASB increased the backwashing times in the following BAF. Especially, at a recirculation ratio of three in the UASB/BAF system, the increase in head loss due to clogging in the BAF caused frequent backwashing, at least once d day. The BAF showed the high nitrification efficiency of average 99.2% and organics removals more than 90% at organics loading rate less than $1.4KgCOD/m^3/d$ and $COD/NH_3-N$ ratio less than 6.4. It was proved that the simplified anaerobic reactor/BAF system could maximize the organics removal and achieve high nitrogen removal efficiencies through recirculation of system effluents to the anaerobic reactor. The AF/BAF system can, especially, be a cost effective and competitive alternative for the simultaneous removal of organics ana nitrogen from wastewaters.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.64-72
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to confirm the possibility of obtaining high grade coal from 57.39% of fixed carbon fine coal. Also, the mineralogical, physical/chemical and liberation characteristics are to be identified to decrease in ash amount, during the pre-processing of clean coal technology. In this study, batch flotation and CPT column flotation proper for the processing of fine particles were used with the variation in kinds and quantity of frother, collector and depressant. Also air flow rate and feeding rates were examined. As a result of batch flotation using 20% of pulp density DMU 101 collector(100 mL/ton), AF65 frother(300 mL/ton), sodium metaphosphate depressant (1 kg/ton), 67.57% of ash rejection and 70.90% of combustible recovery were obtained. The result of CPT column flotation was 85.59% of ash rejection and 88.97% of combustible recovery under the conditions of 5% of pulp density, DMU-101 collector (100 mL/ton), AF65 frother(10 L/ton), SMP depressant(1 kg/ton), wash water(100 mL/min.) and air flow rate(1,200 mL/min.).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1110-1114
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• 2002

Antimutagenic effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. on the mutagenicity induced by 2-AF and Trp-P-1 was studied using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In S. typhimurium TA98, the methanol extract $(500\;{\mu}g/plate)$ of root, stem, and leaf of E. senticosus showed inhibitory effects of 72.8, 70.0, and 78.7% on the mutagenicity induced by 2-AF, and 69.2, 64.9, and 59.4% by Trp-P-1, respectively, whereas none was observed in S. typhimurium TA100. These results suggest that the methanol extract of E. senticosus inhibits a frame shift mutation. And then the methanol extract further fractionated by chloroform, butanol, and water. The chloroform fractions of root, stem, and leaf showed strong antimutagenic effects induced by 2-AF and Trp-P-1 in S. typhimurium TA98, whereas none was observed in the butanol and aqueous fractions. The chloroform fractions of root, stem, and leaf showed antimutagenic effects of $13{\sim]92%$ in a dose-dependent manner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.64-67
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• 2000

It is usual that the medical examination of human body need special knowledpe and equipments. Thus we have to spend Lime and energy on going to special place such as hospital where doctors and equipments are. Which often cause missing a good chance af medical treatment as well as giving us inconvenience. However many simple and convenient equipments were developed for checking our health conditions recently. O-ring test is accepted a3 one of useful methods to examine our heallb conditions. Also the test is recognized as a uscful means to judge, withoul any special equipment and medical knowledge, if some medical substances or foods are beneficial or harmful to our health. However, the judgement may be mcorrect because it depend on doctor's subjective point of view.In this study, we developed an automatic O-ring t a r mach~ne which enable us to check our health conditions objectively and quantitatively. The validity of the idea to develope the machine was proved by experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2002

Recently the synthetic antiferromagnetic layer (SAF) has received much attention because it replaces the pinned layer of the conventional spin valve (CSV) sensors and its overall performance [1], The spin valve (SV) with SAF has the from buffer/F/Cu/APl/Ru/AP2/AF, where F is the soft ferromagnetic layer (typically NiFe with CoFe interfacial doping), AP1 and AP2 are two ferromagnetic layers (typically CoFe alloys) antiferromagnetically coupled through a thin Ru layer. (omitted)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.972-978
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Jeju horses. The redcell cypes (blood groups) and blood protein types (biochemical polymorphisms) were tested from 102 Jeju horses by serological and electrophoretc procedure, and their phenotypes and gene frequencies were estimated. The blood group and biochemical polymorphism phenotypes observed with high frequency were $A^{af}\;(27.45\%$), $C^{a}\;(99.02\%$), $K^{-}\;(97.06\%$), $U^{a}\;(62.75\%$), $P^{b}\;(36.27\%$), $Q^{c}\;(47.06\%$), $D^{cgm/dghm}\;(13.73\%$), $D^{adn/cgm}\;(9.80\%$), $D^{ad/cgm}$\;(8.82\%$), $D^{dghm/dghm}(7.84\%$), $D^{cgm/cgm}(7.84\%$), $AL^{B}\;(48.04\%$), $GC^{F}\;(99.02\%$), $AlB^{K}\;(97.06\%$), $ES^{FI}\;(36.27\%$), $TF^{F2}\;(25.49\%$), $HB^{B1}\;(45.10\%$), and $PGD^{F}\;(86.27\%$) in Jeju horses, respectively. Alleles observed with high gene frequency were $A^{af}$ (0.3726), $A^{C}$ (0.2647), $C^{-}$ (0.5050), $K^{-}$ (0.9853), $U^{-}$ (0.6863), $P^{b}$ (0.4657), $Q^{c}$ (0.5294), $D^{cgm}$ (0.3039), $HB^{B1}$(0.6863), $PGD^{F}$ (0.9265), $AL^{B}$ (0.6912), $ALB^{K}$ (0.9852), $GC^{F}$ (0.9950), $ES^{I}$ (0.5000) and $TF^{F2}$ (0.4950) in Jeju horses, and sfecific alleles, $D^{cgm(f)}$ (0.0196), $HB^{A}$ (0.0147), $HB^{A2}$ (0.0196), $ES^{G}$ (0.0441), $ES^{H}$ (0.0098), $TF^{E}$TF'(0.0246), $TF^{H2}$ (0.0049) and $PGD^{D}$ (0.0098) were detected in Jeju horses. These preliminary results present basic information for detecting the genetic markers in Jeju horse. and developing a system for parentage verification and individuals identification in jeju horses.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.2031-2038
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• 2008

A small-area and high-speed authentication/security processor (WUSB_Sec) IP is designed, which performs the 4-way handshake protocol for authentication between host and device, and data encryption/decryption of wireless USB system. The PRF-256 and PRF-64 are implemented by CCM (Counter mode with CBC-MAC) operation, and the CCM is designed with two AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption coles working concurrently for parallel processing of CBC mode and CTR mode operations. The AES core that is an essential block of the WUSB_Sec processor is designed by applying composite field arithmetic on AF$(((2^2)^2)^2)$. Also, S-Box sharing between SubByte block and key scheduler block reduces the gate count by 10%. The designed WUSB_Sec processor has 25,000 gates and the estimated throughput rate is about 480Mbps at 120MHz clock frequency.