• Title/Summary/Keyword: ADHD(Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder)

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The Current State of Clinical Studies for Herbal Medicine of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -Focusing on Chinese Journals- (ADHD의 한약물 치료에 대한 최신 임상연구 동향 -2007년부터 2012년까지 중국 논문을 중심으로-)

  • Ryu, Chun-Gil;Cho, A-Ram;Seo, Joo-Hee;Jeong, Seong-Sik;Lee, Ji-Su;Sung, Woo-Yong
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to take around herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China. Methods : A journal search was performed using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2007 to 2012. Key words searched were 'ADHD'. Results : 25 studies were selected. Case control studies showed that herbal medicine treatment reported better results than the western medicine treatment group. 12 case reports reported a significant improvement in herbal medicine treatment for patients with ADHD. Frequently used herbal materials were Rhizome of Polygalae Radix and Rhizome of Acori Gramineri Rhizoma (16 times), Root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (14 times), Root of Rehmanniae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata and Sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf (12 times). Conclusions : There have been many studies regarding herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China, and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

A Review of Studies for Acupuncture Therapy of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Traditional Chinese Medicine (주의력결핍·과잉행동장애의 침치료에 대한 최신 연구동향 - 2011-2013년 중국 논문 중심으로 -)

  • Kang, Mun Su;Kim, Woo Kyoung;Kim, Lak Hyung
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2013
  • Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the acupuncture therapy about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in China. Methods We searched for the studies on ADHD at China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, http://www.cnki.net) from 2011.1 to 2013.8. Results Selected 12 studies were divided into 7 case reports and 5 control studies. 7 case reports reported significant improvements with acupuncture therapy in ADHD. 5 control studies reported results that the acupuncture therapy groups were similar or better than western medicine treatment groups. Frequently used acupuncture points were EX-HN23 (7 times), GV20 ${\bullet}$ P6 ${\bullet}$ SP6 (6 times), G13 ${\bullet}$ EX-HN1 (5 times). Conclusions There have been reported many ADHD clinical studies in China and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

Is there an association between labor induction and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children?

  • Jenabi, Ensiyeh;Seyedi, Mahdieh;Bashirian, Saeid;Fereidooni, Bita
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.64 no.9
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    • pp.489-493
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    • 2021
  • Background: There is evidence of destructive effects of oxytocin use during labor on neurodevelopment. Purpose: This meta-analysis pooled all observational studies to determine the association between labor induction and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children. Methods: All observational studies (case-control and cohort) were reviewed until September 2020 after searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, the gray literature, and conference proceedings. The pooled odds ratios (ORs), relative ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI (swere calculated as random effect estimates of association among studies. Results: All observational studies were reviewed, including 4 cohort studies including 2,885,743 participants and 3 case-control studies including 51,135 participants (10,961 with ADHD and 40,174 in control groups) with a sample size of 2,936,878 participants. The pooled estimates of OR and RR did not indicate a significant association between labor induction and ADHD among children (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.90-1.35) and (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.96-1.24). Conclusions: The findings showed that labor induction is not associated with an increased risk of ADHD among children. However, more studies are needed to investigate the relationship between labor induction and ADHD.

Stimulant Induced Movement Disorders in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Nam, Seok-Hyun;Lim, Myung Ho;Park, Tae Won
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2022
  • Stimulants, such as amphetamine and methylphenidate, are one of the most effective treatment modalities for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may cause various movement disorders. This review discusses various movement disorders related to stimulant use in the treatment of ADHD. We reviewed the current knowledge on various movement disorders that may be related to the therapeutic use of stimulants in patients with ADHD. Recent findings suggest that the use of stimulants and the onset/aggravation of tics are more likely to be coincidental. In rare cases, stimulants may cause stereotypies, chorea, and dyskinesia, in addition to tics. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that stimulants used for the treatment of ADHD may cause Parkinson's disease (PD) after adulthood. However, there is still a lack of evidence that the use of stimulants in patients with ADHD may cause PD, and related studies are only in the early stages. As stimulants are one of the most commonly used medications in children and adolescents, close observations and studies are necessary to assess the effects of stimulants on various movement disorders, including tic disorders and Parkinson's disease.

Comparing Intelligence Test Profiles to Assess Tourette's Disorder with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Kim, Woo Hyun;Park, Tae Won;Park, Juhyun;Chung, Sang-Keun;Yang, Jong-Chul;Park, Jong-Il;Kim, Eun-Ji;Cho, Eun-Cheong;Park, Jae Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: The study compared the intelligence test profiles of Tourette's Disorder (TD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and TD with ADHD (TD+ADHD) groups. Methods: The Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition (K-WISC-III) and Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) were administered to 13 children and adolescents with TD, 17 children and adolescents with ADHD, and 15 children and adolescents with TD+ADHD. Each parameter was compared among the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean scores of the freedom from distractibility/working memory index (FD/WMI) and the digit span and arithmetic subtests of the TD+ADHD group were significantly lower than those of the TD group. Conclusion: According to the intelligence test results, the comorbid ADHD+TD group showed a significant decrease in working memory compared to the TD group. These findings are similar to those of previous research on cognitive functions and suggest that the TD+ADHD comorbid and TD alone groups exhibit different endophenotypes. The results also imply that WISC-III and WISC-IV, the most commonly used intelligence tests clinically, are effective in evaluating cognitive functions such as attention. Further research is required to confirm these results.

Effects of Therapeutic Interventions for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review (주의력결핍과잉행동 장애아동을 대상으로 제공되는 국내 중재에 대한 고찰 연구)

  • Park, Young-Ju;Kim, EunJoo
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2019
  • Objective : This study was designed to find the latest intervention trends in treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in South Korea. Methods : Studies on ADHD published in Korean journals from January 2004 to December 2018 were reviewed. The databases used were DBpia, Google Scholar, RISS, and KISS. The search terms were "attention deficit hyperactivity," "child," and "intervention." A total of 14 studies were selected. The results of this study were as follows: Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome. Results : The level of evidence was the highest in the single subject study of level IV, and the methodological quality was the most common study. The interventional metronome (IM) intervention was the most frequently used, and the evaluation tools used in the measurement were the Long Form Assessment of the Interactive Metronome and the Korean Behavior Child Checklist. The Korean ADHD interventions showed statistically significant improvement in concentration, hyperactivity, task performance, excessive language use, and timing. Conclusions : Various types of interventions were provided for children with ADHD in South Korea. The interventions showed positive effects, and provided basic data for evidence-based implementation in clinical practice. In the future, a model study should be conducted, to establish an effective service delivery system, as well as ongoing research on children with ADHD.

Neurobiological Pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (주의력결핍 과잉행동장애의 신경생물학적 병태생리)

  • Park, Hyung Bae;Joo, Yeol
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.108-122
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    • 2000
  • Background: Models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) that have proposed a hypodopaminergic state resulting in hypofunction of the prefrontal circuitry have assumed a unitary dopamine system, which largely ignores the distinct functional differences between mesocortical dopamine system and nigrostriatal dopamine system. Purpose: The author's goal was to develop a pathophysiological model for ADHD with greater explanotory power than dopaminergic hypofunction hypothesis in prefronal circuitry. Material and Methods: Published clinical findings on ADHD were integrated with data from genetic, pharmacological, neuroimaging studies in human and animals. Results: Molecular genetic studies suggest that three genes may increase the susceptibility to ADHD. The three candidate genes associated with ADHD are each involved in dopaminergic function, and this consistent with the neurobiologic studies implicating catecholamines in the etiology of ADHD. Pharmacological data also provide compelling support for dopamine and noradrenergic hypothesis of ADHD. Neuroimaging studies lend substantial support for the hypothesis that right-sided abnormalities of prefrontal-basal ganglia circuit would be found in ADHD. Conclusions: The present hypothesis takes advantage of the major differences between the two pertinent dopamine systems. Mesocortical dopamine system, which largely lacks inhibitory autoreceptors, is ideally positioned to regulate cortical inputs, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio for biologically valued signals. In this circuit, therapeutic doses of stimulants are hypothesized to increase postsynaptic dopamine effects and enhance executive functions. By contrast, symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD are hypothesized to be associated with relative overactivity of nigrostriatal circuit. This nigrostriatal circuit is tightly regulated by inhibitory autoreceptoors as well as by long distance feedback from the cortex, and slow diffusion of therapeutic doses of stimulant via oral administration is hypothesized to produce a net inhibition of dopaminergic neurotransmission and improves hyperactivity.

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OROS Methylphenidate Treatment of Secondary Adult ADHD after Traumatic Brain Injury (외상성 뇌손상 후 이차적으로 발생한 성인 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애에서 OROS Methylphenidate의 치료효과:증례 및 고찰)

  • Lim, Myung Ho;Lee, Woo Chul
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.221-226
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    • 2005
  • The incidence of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder secondary to the traumatic brain injury, such as traffic accidents, is increasing;the variety of the treatment modality is also increasing. This case was studied to see if OROS Methylphenidate(Concerta), which is one of the most commonly used medication in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients, not only improves the patient's attention, but also their impulsivity, hyperactivity and aggression. According to the case result, the medication showed an improvement of the impulsivity, aggression, and attention in the secondary Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients after the traumatic brain injury.

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Difference of Facial Emotion Recognition and Discrimination between Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder (주의력결핍과잉행동장애 아동과 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동에서 얼굴 표정 정서 인식과 구별의 차이)

  • Lee, Ji-Seon;Kang, Na-Ri;Kim, Hui-Jeong;Kwak, Young-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.207-215
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Fifty-three children aged 7 to 11 years participated in this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed with ADHD and 10 with ASD. The parents of the participants completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale and Conner's scale. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA), Penn Emotion Recognition Task and Penn Emotion Discrimination Task. The group differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability were analyzed by using analysis of covariance for the purpose of controlling the visual omission error index of ATA. Results: The children with ADHD showed better recognition of happy and sad faces and less false positive neutral responses than those with ASD. Also, the children with ADHD recognized emotions better than those with ASD on female faces and in extreme facial expressions, but not on male faces or in mild facial expressions. We found no differences in the facial emotion discrimination between the children with ADHD and ASD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that children with ADHD recognize facial emotions better than children with ASD, but they still have deficits. Interventions which consider their different emotion recognition and discrimination abilities are needed.

AGREEMENT BETWEEN DSM-IV AND ICD-10 DIAGNOSIS ON ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (주의력결핍과잉행동장애에 대한 DSM-IV와 ICD-10 진단의 합의)

  • Lee Soyoung Irene;Jung Han-Yone
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.192-198
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : This review examines the extent of harmonization between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (fourth edition) (DSM-IV) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and International Classification of Diseases (tenth edition) (ICD-10) hyperkinetic disorder (HKD). Methods : PubMed review of the clinical literatures from 1980 to March 2005 was undertaken using the search term of ADHD, HKD, DSM, ICD, diagnostic criteria, algorithm, and validity. Results : There continues to be a substantial difference in the prevalence of ADHD and HKD. Based on the limited studies that directly compare the most recent two algorithms of ADHD and HKD, several implications for clinical practice and research are discussed. Conclusion : To understand further if the criteria for DSM-IV and ICD-10 for ADHD and HKD are converged or not, more researches on the validity of ADHD and HKD subtypes should be undertaken.

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