• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2006

To evaluate the effects of ingestion of alcoholic drinks on the toxicities of industrial compounds, cyclohexane (CH) was intraperitoneally administrated to rats (1.56g/kg body weight), which had been ingested 15% ethanol for up to 6 weeks,4 times by once a day and every other day. Following the last treatment of ethanol or CH, blood and liver tissues were collected after 4 hours prior to sacrifice of animals. By the injection of CH, liver weight (% of body weight) and xanthine oxidase activity in serum were increased, and glucose-6-phasphatase (G6P) activity in liver was decreased compared to them of control group. The activities of CH metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase (CYPdAH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), were significantly increased by injection of CH, and those activities were the highest in CH-injected group after pretreated with alcohol. Ultrastructurally. both of alcohol treatment and CH injection induced transforming into the smooth-endoplasmic reticulum from rough-endoplasmic reticulum, the those rate was the highest in case of CH-injection after pretreated with alcohol. From these results, it is suggested that alcohol intake on a level without alcoholic degeneration of hepatocytes could enhance the CH metabolism of liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.935-942
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of flower of Pueraria lobata on liped peroxidation and activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes in alcohol-treated rats. Male Spra gue-Dawley rats were given 25% ethanol (Alcohol), 25% ethanol and 5 mg tectorigenin/kg B.W.(Alc.-Tec), 25% ethanol and 5mg kaikasaponin III/kg B.W. (Alc-Kai). The contents of serum total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid were increased by ethanol treatment and were lower in the Alc.-Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Decreased serum HDL-cholesterol by alcohol treatment was recovered by tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III. Microsomal cytochrome P-450, aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were increased by ethanol and were lower in the Alc. Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase was increased by ethanol and was higher in the Alc.-Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system activity was higher in Alc.-Tec group than in the other group. No significant difference was found in catalase activity among treatment groups. These data indicate that tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III were effected alcohol metabolic enzyme system and the liver damage associated with chronic ethanol consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) on the activities of brain lipid peroxidation related enzymes in ethanol administrated rats of selenium(Se) deficiency. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed Se deficiency diets containing one of the three levels of Met (0, 3, 9g/kg diet) and ethanol(2.5g/kg of body weight) was administrated as 25v/v% ethanol treated groups orally. The rats sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was increased in ethanol treated groups and was higher Met normal group than Met deficiency and excessive groups at 5 and 10 weeks dieting. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was decreased in ethanol treated groups and significantly decreased in Met deficiency group. Monoamine oxidase activity in brain was increased in ethanol treated groups and was predominently increased in Met deficiency groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in ethanol treated groups and tended to increase in proportion to level of dietary methionine. Glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities and lipid peroxide content were increased by ethanol administration and were higher Met deficiency group than normal and excessive groups.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1994

Membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) was purified to homogeneous state fron an acetic acid producing bacteria, Acetobacter sp. HA. The enzyme was purified about 153-fold with an overall yield of 35% from the crude cell extract by solubilization and extraction of the enzyme with Triton X-100 and subsequent fractions by column chromatography. Upon sodium dodecyl sulphate-PAGE, the enzyme showed the presence of three subunits with a molecular mass of 79,000 daltons, 49,000, and 45,000 daltons, respectively. Absorption oxidized aliphatic alcohols with a straight carbon chain except for methanol. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were also oxidizable substrates. The apparent $K_m$ for ethanol was 1.38mM. The optimun pH and temperature were 5.0~6.0 and 32${\circ}C$, respectively. $V_2O_5$ and heavy metals such as $ZnCl_2\;and\; NiCl_2$ were inhibitory to the enzyme activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.349-355
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• 2013

SC092 strain, producing a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, was isolated from the seawater. This strain was identified as Microbulbifer sp. using the comparative sequence analysis against known 16S rRNA sequence. A polysaccharide degrading enzyme from this strain was used to acquire the enzymatic extracts of Sargassum fulvellum. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activity of the enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum were about 61.9% and 82.9% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activities was 52.5% at 2 mg/mL on pH 1.2. In addition, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 52.7% at 2 mg/mL. To determine the influence of enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum on alcohol metabolism, the generating activity of reduced-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. ADH and ALDH activities were 118.0% and 177% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum was remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 52.7% at 2 mg/mL. These results indicate alcoholizing and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities can be enhanced by the enzymatic extracts of S. fulvellum.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

To evaluate an effect of circadian variation on the xylene metabolizing enzyme activities, 50% m-xylene in olive oil(0.25 $m\ell$/100g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Then animals were sacrigiced at 8hr after last injection of m-xylene. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 contents were more increased both in control and xylene treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. But the activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) in control of night phase showed the similar value with that in those of day phase and xylene treated rats of day phase showed an increasing tendency of hepatic ADH activity as those of night phase showing similar activity. Furthermore, control rats of night phase than those of day phase. And by xylene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of day phase were higher tendency in rats of control but those of night phase were somewhat inhibited. Besides, xylene-treated animals of night phase showed increasing tendency of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration compared with those of day phase. On the other hand, liver weight per body weight(%), hepatic lipid peroxide content and serum xanthine oxidase activity were higher in night phase. And the activities of hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, gluthathione S-transferase, and xylene-treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. In conclusion, it can be hypothesized on the basis of the results that the accumulation rate of m-xylene intermediate metabolite, i.e. m-methylbenzaldehyde in liver tissus may be higher in night phase than in day phase and it may be responsible for higher liver toxicity in bight phase than in day phase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1376-1382
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• 2016

Xylitol is widely used in the food and medical industry. It is produced by the reduction of xylose (lignocellulosic biomass) in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, which is considered genetically safe. In this study, the expression system of the GRE3 (YHR104W) gene that encodes xylose reductase was constructed to efficiently produce xylitol in the S. cerevisiae strain, and the secretory production of xylose reductase was investigated. To select a suitable promoter for the expression of the GRE3 gene, pGMF-GRE3 and pAMF-GRE3 plasmid with GAL10 promoter and ADH1 promoter, respectively, were constructed. The mating factor ${\alpha}$ ($MF{\alpha}$) signal sequence was also connected to each promoter for secretory production. Each plasmid was transformed into S. cerevisiae $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1$, and $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1$/pGMF- GRE3 and $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1$/pAMF-GRE3 transformants were selected. In the $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1$/pGMF-GRE3 strain, the total activity of xylose reductase reached 0.34 unit/mg-protein when NADPH was used as a cofactor; this activity was 1.5 fold higher than that in $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1$/pAMF-GRE3 with ADH1 as the promoter. The secretion efficiency was 91% in both strains, indicating that most of the recombinant xylose reductase was efficiently secreted in the extracellular fraction. In a baffled flask culture of the $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1$/pGMF-GRE3 strain, 12.1 g/l of xylitol was produced from 20 g/l of xylose, and ~83% of the consumed xylose was reduced to xylitol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.323-323
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• 1994

Allyl alcohol은 간에서 두 단계의 효소 반응을 거쳐 대사되는데, 먼저, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)에 의해 독성 활성체인 acrolein으로 바뀌고, 이후 계속하여 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)에 의해 acrylic acid로 무독화되어 배설된다. Ethanol 역시 간에서 대사되는데 있어 같은 효소들을 공유하므로 allyl alcohol과 경쟁적으로 반응할 것이다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 ethanol에 의한 대사 효소 경쟁반응에 의해 allyl alcohol 의 간독성이 어떻게 변화하는지를 연구하였다. 우선 ethanol과 allyl alcohol을 동시 투여할 경우 5시간째에 allyl alcohol에 의해 증가된 ALT level을 낮춘다는 보고를 확인하고자 ethanol 2 g/kg과 allyl alcohol 40 mg/kg을 동시투여했으나 오히려 치사율이 증가했고, ethanol을 2시간 전처리한 군에서도 역시 치사율이 증가되고, 간의 glutathione 양은 allyl alcohol 단독 처리군에 비해 현저히 감소되는 양상을 보였다.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.29-58
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• 1991

Ethanol은 섭취량에 따라 간 대사에 여러가지 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 과량의 ethanol 섭취가 유해한 것은 ethanol 그 자체보다는 산화과정에서 생성된 acetaldehyde와 과량의 수소(NADH)에 기인한다. 과량의 NADH는 간 세포의 화학적 평형을 저해하고 대사이상을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 in vitro 뿐만 아니라 in vivo에서 alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), aldehyde dehydroge-nase(ALDH), microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS)에 미치는 인삼 사포닌의 영향을 조사하고, 간에서의 수소 평형, 간에서의 $[1^(-14)C]$-ethanol의 분포, ethanol의 acetaldehyde와 lipid로의 전환 등을 관찰하였다. 인삼 사포닌은 상기 효소외에도 ethanol 대상에 관련된 다른 효소들의 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 관찰되었으며 이는 동물 체내로부터 acetaldehyde와 과량의 수소를 신속히 제거하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1743-1749
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cucumber beverage intake on fluid-regulating hormones and CRP in amateur marathoners between the ages of 47~49. Among research subjects, 8 male middle-aged marathoners who have completed the full marathon course over 5 times and who have run for over 50 months were selected. In two marathon races, they received firstly water and secondly cucumber beverage: 10 ml before the race, 50 ml every 5 km, and 200 ml after the race, adding up to 10 drinks and 710 ml in total amount of beverage taken. For statistics, one-way ANOVA within the group was conducted through SPSS 12.0; for post-examination, Duncan was utilized; and for inter-group examination, an independent t-test was used. Before, right after, and after the marathon, the cucumber beverage intake group had a significantly decreased serum ADH concentration compared to the water intake group. Both the cucumber beverage and water intake groups had significantly increased serum rennin levels before, right after, and after the marathon. Both the cucumber beverage and water intake groups had significantly increased aldosterone before, right after, and after the marathon. CRP levels didn't show change. In conclusion, intake of cucumber beverage during a marathon race was found to help with fluid-regulating hormones. This research has attempted to continue to study the influence on hormones that control body fluids.