• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.369-379
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• 2006

In recent years, there have been many researches about Ad-hoc Networks which is available to communicate freely between mobile devices by using multi-hop without any support of relay base or access point. TCP that used the most widely transport protocol in the Internet repeats packet loss and retransmission because it increases congestion window size by using reactive congestion control until packet loss occurs. As a result of this, energy of mobile device is wasted unnecessarily. In this paper, we propose TCP-New Veno in order to improve the energy efficiency of mobile device. According to the state of network, the scheme adjusts appropriate size of congestion window. Therefore, the energy efficiency of mobile device and utilization of bandwidth are improved by the scheme. From the simulation by using ns-2, we could see more improved energy efficiency with TCP-New Veno than those with TCP in Ad-hoc Networks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2010

현재 반도체 제조 공정 중 많은 비중을 차지하는 식각 및 증착 공정에는 대부분 플라즈마를 사용하고 있으며, 이러한 반도체 장비내의 공정 부분품들은 수율과 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 내플라즈마 특성이 우수한 세라믹 또는 세라믹 코팅막으로 구성되어 있다. 더욱이 최근에는 미세공정을 위해 고밀도 플라즈마 공정이 요구되면서, 노출된 세라믹 층이 침식되어 파티클이 떨어져 나오거나 모재와 세라믹 막 사이의 박리현상과 같은 심각한 문제들이 발생되고 있다. 따라서 보다 우수한 내플라즈마 특성을 갖는 세라믹 코팅 기술 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 현재 내플라즈마성 세라믹 코팅막 제조를 위한 코팅기술로서는 주로 용사법이 이용되고 있으나 기공률이 높고 치밀하지 못한 등의 문제점으로 인하여 사용수명이 짧다는 한계에 봉착하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 상온에서 치밀하고 고속으로 세라믹 후막 형성이 가능한 Aerosol Deposition (AD)법과 AD법의 단점인 edge, corner, hole에서 코팅이 잘 안 되는 점을 보완할 수 있는 Arc Plasma Anodizing (APA)법을 조합하여, 상용화된 Al 모재위에 APA법을 사용하여 $Al_2O_3$ 후막 중간층을 형성한 뒤 그 위에 AD법으로 치밀한 $Al_2O_3$ 후막 성막함으로써 내 플라즈마 향상을 위한 새로운 개념의 제조기술개발을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 우선 Al 모재 위에 APA를 사용하여 중간층인 $Al_2O_3$막을 제조하였으며, 중간층의 두께에 따른 특성을 확인한 결과, $Al_2O_3$중간층의 두께가 두꺼워질수록 표면조도가 증가함을 확인 할 수 있었다. AD법으로 $Al_2O_3$중간층 위에 치밀한 $Al_2O_3$막을 제조하는데 있어 중요인자를 확인하기 위해, AD법으로 중간층 위에 $Al_2O_3$막을 제조한 후 성막특성을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 중간층의 표면조도가 $0.8-1\;{\mu}m$인 경우에는 수 ${\mu}m$의 두께로 성막 되었으나, 표면조도가 $1\;{\mu}m$ 이상인 $Al_2O_3$중간층 위에서는 성막 되지 않았다. 이를 통해 AD법으로 치밀하고 두꺼운 $Al_2O_3$ 후막을 $Al_2O_3$중간층 위에 성막하기 위해서는 표면조도가 중요인자임을 확인하였다.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2003

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old age. In the near future AD will be the biggest problem in public health service. Although a variety of oriental prescriptions in study Jeonmaedan have been traditionally utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet fully elucidated. It has been widely believed that A${\beta}$ peptide devided from APP causes apoptotic neurotoxicity in AD brain. However, recent evidence suggests that CTl05(carboxy terminal 105 amino acid peptide fragment of APP) may be an important factor causing neurotoxicity in AD. In addition, AD is one of brain degeneration disease. So we studied on herbal medicine that have a relation of brain degeneration. In Oriental Medicine, Jeonmaedan has been used for disease in relation to brain degeneration. As the result of this study, in Jeonmaedan the apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degerneration of SK-N-SH cell lines by CT105 expression is promoted. So Jeonmaedan may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.953-964
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of negative appeal ads taking social problems as their themes. Two social problem ad themes concerning abortion and drug addiction were selected as stimulus. Questionnaires consisted of questions about affective response cognitive evaluation consumer's characteristics(sex, clothing involvement social problem involvement) and the ad and brand attitudes They were distributed to 200 high school students in Seoul. Results were : 1 The affective response consisted of 4 dimensions(negative inactivating activating positive) and the cognitive evaluation had 3 dimensions(utility·persuasive power creativity awareness) 2. Creativity and awareness dimensions and the ad attitude had positive influence on the brand attitude for the abortion theme ad,. Creativity dimension and consumer's clothing involvement had positive influence on the brand attitude for the drug addiction theme ad . Especially the affective response had no significant influence on the brand attitude. This result suggests that in case of negative appeal ads the affective response does not necessarily degrade the brand attitude while positive cognitive evaluation on creativity and awareness of the could influence the brand attitude favorably through raising attention to the brand resulting in high effectiveness of the ad.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2002

Effect of Sunbangpaedoktang, which has been used for atopic dermatitis(AD), on the cytokine secretory function of monocyte, which was isolated and cultured from peripheral blood of AD patients, were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. In AD patients, Sunbangpaedoktang exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on IL-4. 2. In AD patients, Sunbangpaedoktang exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on IL-5(p<0.05). 3. In AD patients, Sunbangpaedoktang exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on $IFN-{\gamma}$(p<0.01). 4. In sample group, comparing the cytokine concentration change rate of AD patients with that of NAD patients IL-4 AD patients exhibits statistically significant decrease(p<0.05).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2011

The replication competent adenoviral vector (AV), AdLPCDIRESE1A was generated and reported previously to have cytotoxic effects in some cell lines. In AdLPCDIRESE1A, the expression of cytosine deaminse (CD) and E1A genes are under the control of tumor-specific L-plastin promoter. CD enzyme can deaminate the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). E1A gene is essential for viral replication. Primary liver cancer, most of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third common leading cancer in Korea. Thus, we have conducted in vitro preclinical study to evaluate effectiveness of AdLPCDIRESE1A on HCC. The efficacy of cytotoxicity was measured by generation of cytopathic effect (CPE) and cell counting. We infected HepG2 cells with various MOI of vector alone or concurrent with 5-FC. Exposure of cells to AdLPCDIRESE1A generated a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to the control. Almost 83% of the cell had manifested the characteristic cytotoxic effect on day 9 after infection of cells with 10 MOI of vector. We also observed the additive cytotoxic effects when AdLPCDIRESE1A vector had been coadministrated with 5-FC. The results suggest that the use of AdLPCDIRESE1A/5FC may be value in treatment of liver cancer. Further animal studies are needed for clinical trial.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

An ad hoc wireless networks forms temporary network without the aid of fixed networks or centralized administration with a collection of wireless mobile hosts. In this case, it is necessary for one mobile host to enlist the aid of other hosts in forwarding a packet to its destination. This paper presents an efficient cluster-based routing protocol scheme for ad hoc networks. The cluster is used for path setup and data delivery. Our cluster-based routing algorithm is designed for the improvement of the load balance. Our simulation results show the improved performance for low mobility networks comparing with the previous works.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigated the prevalence and composite score of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI), and dementia of Alzheimer's type(AD). The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the result of Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory(K-NPI) and cognitive function. Methods : A total of 163 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD was divided into three groups(55 MCI patients, 56 dementia patients with mild stage, and 52 dementia patients with moderate, severe stage). We examined neuro-psychiatric symptoms by K-NPI and compared the prevalence and composite score of each subdomain in K-NPI among three groups. Results : The most common symptoms in the MCI group were depression/dysphoria, sleep/night-time behavior, anxiety, and irritability/lability. In mild AD group, the most frequent disturbance was agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, anxiety, apathy/indifference, and sleep/night-time behavior. In moderate to severe AD group, the most frequent disturbance was apathy/indifference, depression/dysphoria, agitation/aggression, and delusion. The frequencies of delusion, hallucination, agitation/aggression, apathy/indifference, aberrant motor behavior, appetite/eating change were statistically significant. The total NPI score showed a negative correlation with MMSE-KC and a positive correlation with GDS. Conclusions : Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common features of MCI and AD. These symptoms observed in MCI are similar to those of mild AD. Psychosis is most common in moderate to severe AD, leading to a faster rate of cognitive decline. Therefore, proper management according to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of MCI and three stages of dementia is needed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.382-385
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• 2003

Ad hoc 네트워크는 고정된 기반구조 없이 이동 노드들로만 구성된 네트워크를 가리킨다. 노드들의 이동으로 인해 네트워크 토폴로지는 예측할 수 없게 자주 변할 수 있다. 그 결과로 기 설정되어 있는 경로의 단절이 발생할 수 있으며, 새로운 경로가 설정될 때까지 데이터가 손실될 수 있다. 존재하는 경로의 단절로 인해 손실되는 패킷의 수를 줄이기 위해, 본 논문은 multiple-reply Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (mrAODV) 방식을 제안한다. 본 논문의 알고리즘은 발신지와 수신지 사이에 다중 경로를 설정한다. ns-2 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 제안된 방식에 대한 성능을 평가한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2009

The application of mathematical analysis to the study of wireless ad hoc networks has met with limited success due to the complexity of mobility, traffic models and the dynamic topology. A scenario based universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) time division duplex (TDD) opportunistic cellular system with an ad hoc behaviour that operates over UMTS frequency division duplex (FDD) licensed cellular network is considered. In this paper, we present a new routing metric which overall improves system performance in terms of interference and routing which operate in an ad hoc network in an opportunistic manner. Therefore we develop a simulation tool that addresses the goal of analysis and assessment of UMTS TDD opportunistic radio system with ad hoc behavior in coexistence with a UMTS FDD primary cellular networks.