• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.572-575
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• 2007

The angiontensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were separated from beef sarcoplasmic protein extract and their amino acid sequences were identified as GFHI, DFHINQ, FHG, and GLSDGEWQ. The 4 peptides were synthesized in a laboratory and the ACE inhibitory activities of pep tides was measured after 2 months of storage at $4^{\circ}C$ under different pH conditions (6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0) and the exposure of different temperatures (70, 80, 90, and $100^{\circ}C$) for 20 min to evaluate industrial use. No significant difference was detected by pH and temperature abuse for 20 min during storage. When the synthetic peptides were digested by pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, the ACE inhibitory activity was not changed. These results indicated that the 4 synthetic peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were pH-stable, heat-stable, and resistant to proteinases in gastro-intestinal tracts. Therefore, those 4 peptides can be used as a source for functional food product with various applications.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.137-139
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• 2011

A Vitis hybrid-Vitis coignetiae red wine was vinified by fermentation of a mixture of a Vitis hybrid.Vitis coignetiae must with Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7904 at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The Vitis hybrid-Vitis coignetiae red wine showed high antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (67.8%) and antioxidant activity (76.7%). The antihypertensive ACE inhibitor in the Vitis hybrid-Vitis coignetiae red wine was partially purified by solid phase extraction chromatography, and its ACE inhibitory activity yielded an $IC_{50}$ of 1.8 mg/mL. Six kinds of oligopeptides, including five new kinds, were contained in the partially purified ACE inhibitor fraction from the red wine after 10 days of fermentation. Antioxidant activity decreased significantly from 76.7% to 40.5% when the post-fermentation period was prolonged to 30 days.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

Angiotensiri-I converting enzyme(ACE) catalyst the removal of the C-terminal dipeptide from the angiotensin-I to give the angiotensin-II, a potent peptide that causes constriction of regulation of blood pressure. Recently, ACE inhibitor peptides have been isolated from enzymatic digests of food protein. The aim of this study was to identify bovine casein hydrolysates with ACE inhibitory properties in different enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. The casein were hydrolyzed neutrase, alcalase, protamax, flavourzyme, premed 192, sumizyme MP, sumizyme LP and pescalase alone and with an enzyme combination. Premed 192 produced ACE inhibitory peptides most efficiently. In order to ACE inhibitory peptide produced enzymatic hydrolysis condition were premed 192 added to casein ratio of 1:100(w/w), and incubated at 47$\^{C}$ for 12hrs. Casein hydrolysate gave 50% inhibition(IC$\_$50/ value) of ACE activity at concentration with 248ug/ml(general method) and 265ug/ml(pretreatment method) respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2008

Antioxidative activity and inhibitory activity of angiotensin I converting enzyme(ACE), aminopeptidase N(APN) and $\alpha$-amylase were investigated in the methanol extracts from 25 fern plants native to Jeju Island, in order to screen the plant species containing bioactive materials for functional foods or medicines. The antioxidative activity was higher in Cytomium fortunei(41.9%) and Rumohra standishii(34.1%) than in leaves of Thea sinensis(30.9%), a small tree for antioxidative beverage. Inhibitory activities of ACE and APN were relatively high in Cytomium fortunei as 26.7% and 28.2% respectively. $\alpha$-Amylase inhibitory activity was higher than 50% in 10 species. Particularly, Cytomium fortunei(87.4%) and Dryopteris erythrosora(71.6%) showed the inhibitory activities higher than those of other form plants. Of 25 fern plants investigated here, Cytomium fortunei showed not only the highest antioxidative activity but also the highest inhibitory activity of ACE, APN and $\alpha$-amylase. It suggests that Cytomium fortunei could be potentially used as a resource of bioactive materials for fuctional foods or medicines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 2010

The antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory harvesting times were evaluated. During February and July of 2008, Styela clava were harvested once per month, and divided into flesh and tunic parts. Each collected part was extracted with water and 70% ethanol. DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) for flesh part was higher than that of tunic part, and water extract of flesh harvested at April showed the highest value (53.02% at 10 mg/mL). The highest ABTS RSA was found at water extract of flesh part harvested at March. Water extracts of flesh parts harvested from March to May showed relatively higher ACE inhibitory activity, and freezing did not affect ACE inhibitory activity. The results indicated that antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity of S. clava were variable depending on harvesting time and parts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1654-1659
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• 2010

In order to utilize squid liver by-products, which is normally discarded as industrial waste in the process of squid manufacturing, salt-fermented squid liver sauce was prepared experimentally and also tested for inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitory activity of squid liver sauce was increased with the elapse of fermentation days until 12 months, followed by a constant level of inhibitory activity thereafter. 15-month-old sauce ($IC_{50}=29.66\;{\mu}g$) was filtered through PM-10 membrane (M.W. cut-off 10,000 Da) to obtain the peptides fractions with ACE inhibition activity. Filtered fractions were applied to a Bio-gel P-2 column and three active fractions (A, B and C) were collected. Among them, fraction B applied to a SuperQ-Toyopearl 650S column chromatography lead to the isolation of active B-1 fraction. It has the ACE inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}=5.46\;{\mu}g$). The main composition of its amino acids is lysine, glycine and proline, which cover about 85% of the total amino acids.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.29.1-29.6
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• 2016

In the present study, we investigated to the antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) by-products (PBB) hydrolysates prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis. The antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of five enzymatic hydrolysates (alcalase, protamex, flavourzyme, papain, and trypsin) of PBB were evaluated by the 2, 2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities, reducing power and Li's method for ACE inhibitory activity. Of these PBB hydrolysates, the protamex hydrolysate exhibited the most potent ACE inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $0.08{\pm}0.00mg/mL$. The PBB protamex hydrolysate was fractionated by two ultrafiltration membranes with 3 and 10 kDa (below 3 kDa, between 3 and 10 kDa, and above 10 kDa). These three fractions were evaluated for the total amino acids composition, antioxidant, and ACE inhibitory activities. Among these fractions, the < 3 kDa and 3-10 kDa fractions showed more potent $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity than that of > 10 kDa fraction, while the > 10 kDa fraction exhibited the significant reducing power than others. In addition, 3-10 kDa and > 10 kDa fractions showed the significant ACE inhibitory activity. These results suggested that the high molecular weight enzymatic hydrolysate derived from PBB could be used for control oxidative stress and prevent hypertension.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.565-571
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate an optimum condition for the high angiotensin-l converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the yield on enzyme concentration, casein concentration, and hydrolysis time. The optimum condition was performed by response surface methodology for acquirement of casein hydrolysate of milk which shows high ACE inhibitory activity, Among 8 tested enzymes, Protamex showed the highest activation degree with 77.03 unit/g from casein. Their hydrolysis degrees of flovourzyme 500MG, protamex, mixture from 1% casein were 85.5, 88.5, and 93.5%, respectively. The ranges of enzyme concentration (0.25-1.25%), casein concentration (2.5-12.5%), and hydrolysis time (20-100 min) as 3 independent variables through preliminary experiments of the yield of casein hydrolysate and ACE inhibitory activity, and it shows optimum response surface at a saddle point. It shows enzyme concentration (0.64%), casein concentration (8.38%), and hydrolysis time (55.81 min) in the yield aspect and showed the highest activity at enzyme concentration (0.86%), casein concentration (5.97%), and hydrolysis time (63.86 min) in ACE inhibitory aspect. The $R^2$ value of a fitted optimum formula on the hydrolysis yield was 0.9751 as the significant level of 1%. The $R^2$ value of a fitted optimum formula on ACE inhibitory activity is 0.8398, and the significance is recognized in the range of 5%.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.886-892
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• 2011

This study investigated the ACE-inhibitory effect of yogurt beverage fortified with hydrolysates as well as the suitability of hydrolysates as a nutraceutical additive to yogurt beverage. Three whey protein hydrolysates hydrolyzed by alcalase, protamex, and trypsin were each added to yogurt beverage at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL. Yogurt beverage fortified with 2.5 mg/mL of hydrolysates had 61-69% ACE-inhibitory activity, whereas yogurt beverage fortified with 5 mg/mL of hydrolysates showed 74% ACE-inhibitory activity. There were no significant differences in ACE-inhibitory activity between the alcalase or protamex hydrolysates during storage; however, trypsin hydrolysate exhibited significant differences. On the other hand, physicochemical characteristics such as pH (3.47-3.77), titratable acidity (0.81-0.84%), colority, viable cell count, and sensory qualities were not significantly different among the tested yogurt beverage samples during storage. These results showed that yogurt beverage fortified with whey protein hydrolysates maintained antihypertensive activity and underwent no unfavorable changes in physicochemical characteristics regardless of enzyme type.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.873-877
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• 2008

Native soy protein isolate (SPI) was hydrolyzed with 4 different proteolytic enzymes, including bromelain, papain, Neutrase, and Flavourzyme. SPI hydrolysates with the degree of hydrolysis (DH) in range of 6 to 15% were prepared by each enzyme. The angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and the antioxidant activities of the SPI hydrolysates, such as superoxide dismutase-like activity and inhibition of the linoleic acid autoxidation, were evaluated. Overall, as the DH increased, all evaluated bioactivities of the SPI hydrolysates significantly increased. The significantly highest ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities were found in hydrolysates made with papain and bromelain, respectively. SPI hydrolysates by Flavourzyme showed the significantly lowest activity in all tested bioactivities. The results suggested that ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities of SPI hydrolysates were determined by the DH and by the enzyme used.