• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bo-du-san (BOS) on apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells, SNU-l cells. BOS, a drug preparation consisting of two herbs, that is, Crotonis Fructus (Strychni ignatii Semen, bodu in Korean) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (Glycyrrhizae uralensis FISCH, Gamcho in Korean). Methodss : In this study, methanol extract of BOS was examined for cytotoxic activity on human gastric cancer cells, SNU-1 cells, using XTT assay, with an IC50 value was 0.7 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml at 24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively. Apoptosis induction by BDS in SNU-l cells was verified by the induction of DNA fragmentation, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Inhibitors of caspase-3, -8 and -9 (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Z-IETD-FMK and Z-LEHD-FMK) efficiently blocked BOS-induced cell death of SNU-l. Resultss : BOS-induced cell death was via caspase dependent apoptosis. Moreover, treatment of BOS result in the decrease the G1/S cycle regulation proteins (cyclin D1 and E) expression and increase CDK inhibitor proteins (p21 and p27) expression, and increase apoptotic protein, p53 expression. Thus, BOS induces apoptosis in SNU-1 cells via cell cycle arrested in G1 phase. Conclusions : These results indicated that BOS has some potential for use as an anti-cancer agent.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2003

Osteoblasts are affected by TNF-${\alpha}$ overproduction by immune cells during inflammation. It has been suggested that functional $NF-{\kappa}B$ sites are involved in TNF-${\alpha}$-induced bone resorption. Thus, we explored the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which potently blocks the activation of nuclear factor $(NF-{\kappa}B)$, on the induction of TNF-${\alpha}$-induced activation of JNK/SAPK, AP-1, cytochrome c, caspase and apoptosis in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. Pretreatment of the cells with PDTC blocked TNF-${\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced activation of AP-1, another nuclear transcription factor, was suppressed by PDTC. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, implicated in the regulation of AP-1, was also down regulated by PDTC. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis, release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase-3 were abolished by PDTC. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis was partially blocked by Ac-DEVD-CHO, a caspase-3 inhibitor, suggesting that caspase-3 is involved in TNF-${\alpha}$-mediated signaling through $NF-{\kappa}B$ in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. Thus, these results demonstrate that PDTC, has an inhibitory effect on TNF-${\alpha}$-mediated activation of JNK/SAPK, AP-1, cytochrome c release and subsequent caspase-3, leading to the inhibition of apoptosis. Our study may contribute to the treatment of TNF-${\alpha}$-associated immune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Generally, an electric railroad feeding system has many problems due to the different characteristics in contrast with a load of general three-phase AC electric power system. One of them is harmonics problem caused by the switching device existing in the feeding system, and moreover, the time-varying dynamic loads of rail way is inherently another cause to increase this harmonics problem. In Korea power systems, the electric railroad feeding system is directly supplied from the substation of KEPCO. Therefore, if voltages fluctuation or unbalanced voltages are created by the voltage and current distortion or voltage drop during operation, it affects directly the source of supply. The trainloads of electric railway system have non-periodic but iterative harmonic characteristics as operating condition, because the electric characteristic of the electric railroad feeding system is changed by physical conditions of the each trainload. According to the traditional study, the estimation of harmonics has been performed by deterministic way using the steady state data at the specific time. This method is easy to analyze harmonics, but it has limits in some cases which needs an assessment of dynamic load and reliability. Therefore, this paper proposes the probabilistic estimation method, moments matching method(MW) in order to overcome the drawback of deterministic method. In this paper, distributions for each harmonics are convolved to obtain the moments and cumulants of TDD(Total Demand Distortion), and this can be generalized for any number of trains. For the case study, the electric railway system of LAT(Intra Airport Transit) in Incheon International Airport is modeled using PSCAD/EMTDC dynamic simulator. The raw data of harmonics for the moments matching method is acquired from simulation of the LAT model.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.396-399
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• 2008

In this study, the electric field distributions have been investigated by simulation in accordance with the various shapes of ITO-electrodes. Also we have measured the density of excited Xe atoms in the 1s5 state in discharge cell, where the gap distance of 60 um, gas pressure of 400 Torr, Xe contents of 7%, and sustaining voltage of 200 V are kept in this experiment. The maximum density of excited Xe atoms in the 1s5 state in a discharge cell for the fish-boned, T shaped and squared ITO electrodes have been measured to be $3.01\;{\times}\;10^{13}\;cm^{-3}$, $2.66\;{\times}\;10^{13}\;cm^{-3}$ and $2.06\;{\times}\;10^{13}\;cm^{-3}$, respectively. It is shown that the electric field distribution with different ITO Electrodes is essential factor for these maximum density of excited Xe atoms in discharge cell.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

콘크리트 포장의 품질관리 항목 중에서 압축 강도는 매우 중요한 인자로 여겨져 왔다. 압축 강도 값을 얻기 위해 현장에서 코아를 채취하여 이를 품질관리의 기준으로 사용하였다. 그렇지만, 코아를 채취하는 것은 많은 인력과 시간을 필요로 하며 실제로 현장의 품질관리를 정확히 추정하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 또한 포장의 설계 방법도 탄성계수에 근거한 역학적-경험적 방법이 도입되고 있다. 이러한 현장의 품질관리 문제점을 해결하고, 포장설계와의 연계를 위해 비파괴 실험방법이 도입되고 있다. 다양한 비파괴 실험 방법 중에서 이론적으로 탄성계수를 추정할 수 있는 방법은 Wave Propagation방법이므로 본 연구에서는 Wave Propagation 방법을 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 현장의 품질관리를 수행하는 방법 중의 일환으로 실내에서 제작한시편의 압축 강도와 비파괴 방법으로 얻은 탄성 계수와의 상관성을 검토하였으며, 비파괴 방법으로 얻은 탄성 계수로부터 압축 강도를 추정 할 때 배합별 특성에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 비파괴 실험에서 구한 탄성계수와 압축강도와의 상관성은 매우 우수한 것으로 판명되었으며, 골재의 종류별로 상관성이 서로 상이하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find and compare the differences in stress level, stressor, and coping style of high school students according to their personality traits. And to identify the personality traits contributing to stress reduction. The results of the study can be used as basic data for reducing the stress of adolescents to improve their academic achievement and maintain mental and physical stability. The questionnaire survey was conducted for 10 days from June 7 to June 16, 2017 for S high school students in Chungbuk Province. The study employed four measuring instruments as Ego-gram, Ok-gram, stressor scale, and stress coping type scale. Individual personality traits were classified into ego-states and ok-states in TA (Transactional Analysis). Stressors are classified into 5 categories (school life, home life, human relationship, myself, environment) and stress coping styles are classified into 4 categories (problem-focused coping, social-support coping, feeling-focused coping, hope-thinking coping) used in the previous studies. The collected data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. As a result, the stress level of high school students showed significant differences according to sex, year, grade, sleeping time, personality traits, and coping styles. Personality traits that contributed to the stress increase were NP, AC, 'you positive', 'i negative' and personality trait that contributes to stress reduction is 'you negative.' Therefore, we can judge that individual personality traits have significant effects on stress level, stressor, and coping style and need to find the effective stress management method suitable for individual personality traits using counseling, repetition training, self-suggestion etc.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.617-625
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• 1995

In order to reduce reflectance of soda-lime glass having average reflectance of 7.35% and refractive index of 1.53, single (SiO2), double (SiO2/20SiO2-80ZrO2), and triple (SiO2/ZrO2/75SiO2-25ZrO2) layers were designed and fabricated on the glass substrate by Sol-Gel method. Stble sols of SiO2-ZrO2 binary system for antireflective (AR) coatings were synthesized with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and zirconium n-butoxide as precursors and ethylacetoacetate (EAcAc) as a chelating agent in an atmosphere environment. Films were deposited on soda-lime glass at the withdrawal rates of 3~11 cm/min using the prepared polymeric sols by dip-coating and they were heat-treated at 45$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min to obtain homogeneous, amorphous and crack-free films. In case of SiO2-ZrO2 binary system, refractive index of film increased with an increase of ZrO2 mol%. Designed optical constant of films could be obtained through varying the withdrawal rate. In the visible region (380~780nm), reflectance was measured with UV/VIS/NIR Spectrophotometer. Average reflectances of the prepared single-layer [SiO2 (n=1.46, t=103nm)], double-layer [SiO2 (n=1.46, t=1-4nm)/20SiO2-80ZrO2 (n=1.81, t=82nm)], and triple-layer [SiO2 (n=1.46, t=104nm)/ZrO2 (n=1.90, t=80nm)/75SiO2-25ZrO2 (n=1.61, t=94 nm)] were 4.74%, 0.75% and 0.38%, respectively.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

An attempt was made to link rice embryo proteins to DNA sequences and to understand their functions. One hundred of the 700 spots detected on the embryo 2-DE gels were microsequenced. Of these, 28% of the embryo proteins were matched to DNA sequences with known functions, but 72% of the proteins were unknown in functions as previously reported (Woo et al. 2002). In addition, twenty-four protein spots with 100% of homology and nine with over 80% were matched to ESTs (expressed sequence tags) after expanding the amino acid sequences of the protein spots by Database searches using the available rice EST databases at the NCBI (http://www/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and DDBJ (http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/). The chromosomal location of some proteins were also obtained from the rice genetic map provided by Japanese Rice Genome Research Program (http://rgp.dna.affrc.go.jp). The DNA sequence databases including EST have been reported for rice (Oryza sativa L.) now provides whole or partial gene sequence, and recent advances in protein characterization allow the linking proteins to DNA sequences in the functional analysis. This work shows that proteome analysis could be a useful tool strategy to link sequence information and to functional genomics.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2021

It was intended to conduct basic research to reduce development lead time and cost consumed in DTP process technology development. For the simulation of HTPE fabric, virtual engineering software was used to generate fiber model, yarn model, fabric model, and finite element model of HTPE fiber. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation and error rate between the stiffness numerical analysis results according to the direct DTP process parameters using reactive dyes in the generated finite element model and the stiffness measurements of the actual sample ac- cording to ASTM D1388. And, after dyeing the HTPE plain fabric according to the direct DTP process parameters, we want to analyze the dyeability of the HTPE fabric fabrics according to the direct DTP process parameters through the color fastness analysis. When looking at the results of the analysis of the finite element model, a higher value was shown when the distance between the nozzle and the fabric was 3mm than when the distance was 10mm. When the distance between the nozzle and the fabric was 10mm and 7mm, the reactive dye did not penetrate sufficiently, resulting in poor clarity when viewed with the naked eye.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

본 연구는 시멘트 모르타르 속에 매입된 철근이 3wt.% NaCl 전해질 수용액에 8시간 침지 및 대기 중에서 16시간 건조가 반복되는 환경에 있을 때 교류 임피던스법을 이용하여, 10kHz에서 용액저항, 10mHz에서 전하이동저항을 측정하여, 그 값의 차이로부터 분극저항을 계산하여 부식속도를 측정하였다. 부식속도를 제어하기 위해 포화 Ca(OH)₂ 용액에서 일정시간 전착하여, 그 효과를 관찰하였다. 철근의 부식속도는 용존산소의 확산속도 증가에 의해, 침지보다는 건조 환경에서 가속되었으며, 이것은 모르타르 두께가 얇을수록 명확히 측정되었다. 침지 및 건조 반복횟수가 증가함에 따로, 철근의 부식속도는 부동태에서 Low-middle 상태로 가속되었으며, 그 기준은 다수의 연구자들이 사용한 기준을 사용하였다. 이 기준에 의해 철근의 부식속도가 Low-middle 상태가 되면, 포화 Ca(OH)₂ 용액에서 -10 uA/㎠ 전류밀도를 사용하여 철근에 전착을 진행하고, 5일간 건조시킨 후, 3wt.% NaCl 용액에서 침지-건조 반복실험을 다시 진행하면서, 부식속도를 측정하였다. 측정결과, 모르타르의 두께가 얇은 경우, 부식속도의 감소를 명확히 관찰하였다. 또한, 전착에 의한 철근의 부식속도 감소는 침지상태에서 보다 철근이 건조과정에 놓일 때, 더욱 크게 측정되었다. 전착처리에 따라 칼슘은 철근표면과 모르타르 계면에 존재하는 Porous rust layer의 void를 메우는 것으로 보인다. 시험체가 건조과정에 놓일 때, 철근표면에 형성된 다공질의 녹층속에 농축된 Ca²⁺가 침지과정보다 쉽게 CO₃^2-와 결합되어, CaCO₃가 형성됨으로서 철근의 부식속도를 더욱 감소시킨 것으로 생각된다.