• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.788-801
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different wet rice distillers' by-product (RDP) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 48 weaned castrated male crossbred pigs, initial body weight 7.54±0.97 kg, and age about 4 wks, were used in this experiment. The piglets were randomly allocated into three iso-nitrogenous diet groups that were fed either a control diet, a diet with 15% RDP, or a diet with 30% RDP for a total of 35 days. Chromium oxide was used for apparent digestibility measurements. On d 14 and d 35, half of the piglets were randomly selected for hemato-biochemical and gut microbiota evaluations. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of RDP tended to linearly increase (p≤0.07) average daily gain on d 14 and d 35, and decreased (p = 0.08) feed conversion ratio on d 35. Empty stomach weight increased (p = 0.03) on d 35 while digestibility of diet components decreased. Serum globulin concentration decreased on d 14 (p = 0.003) and red blood cell count tended to decrease (p = 0.06) on d 35, parallel to increase RDP levels. Gene amplicon profiling of 16S rRNA revealed that the colonic microbiota composition of weaned pigs changed by inclusion of RDP over the period. On d 14, decreased proportions of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge, and increased proportions of Prevotellaceae_ge, Prevotella_2, and Prevotella_9 were found with inclusion of RDP, whereas opposite effect was found on d 35. Additionally, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge in RDP diets decreased over periods in control diet but increased largely in diet with 30% RDP. Conclusion: These results indicate that RDP in a favorable way modulate gastrointestinal microbiota composition and improve piglet performance despite a negative impact on digestibility of lipids and gross energy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.11
• /
• pp.1501-1506
• /
• 2011

In this study, we optimized the reaction conditions for the bioconversion of green tea using tannase, and to evaluate its radical scavenging activities. Tea catechins such as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) were hydrolyzed by tannase to produce (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) or (-)-epicatechin (EC), respectively, and a common product, gallic acid. The bioconversion of tea catechins by tannase was increased as enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and incubation time for enzyme dose. The results indicated the optimum reaction conditions for tannase were tannase 30 U/mL (enzyme concentration) on 1% green tea (substrate concentration) for 1 hr (incubation time for enzyme). Tannase enhanced the radical-scavenging properties of green tea; the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging abilities were significantly (p<0.001) greater for the tannase-treated green tea extract compared to the untreated green tea extract. It is reported that ECG has the greatest antioxidant activity among the catechins in green tea, and the release of gallic acid is considered to be beneficial because of its significant antioxidant potency. The results of this study suggest that the tannase-treated green tea increases antioxidant activities under optimum reaction conditions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.200-204
• /
• 2009

The change of biological activities of melon were investigated during frozen storage. The total phenolic concentrations in melon juice and water extract were 296.25 and $433.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The total flavonoid contents in melon juice and water extract were 20.83 and $53.58\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Antioxidant activities of melon juice and water extract were determined. The DPPH of water extract of melon (85.84%) was higher than the melon juice (60.58%). ABTS of melon juice and water extract were 94.50 and 99.30%, respectively. SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of melon of water extracts were higher than those of melon juice. $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of melon juice and water extract were 22.42 and 23.43%, respectively. The changes in the antioxidant activity of melon was insignificant until 6 months of frozen storage. Therefore, it was expected that frozen storage of melon was useful preservation expedient for consistent supply of raw materials.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2014

The roots of Opuntia humifusa (OHR) were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-butanol and $H_2O$, successively. The fractions were tested using DPPH and ABST radical scavenging method. The all fractions showed potent scavenging effects. The scavenging effect of the EtOAc fraction was higher than the other fractions, with $IC_{50}$ values as DPPH; $77.0{\pm}1.38{\mu}g/mL$, ABTS: $26.3{\pm}2.02{\mu}g/mL$. And, we investigated anti-inflammatory activities by examining the effects of the OHR fractions on pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the human mast cells (HMC-1). Treatment with OHR fractions clearly reduced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-8) in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1 cells. The results showed the potential of OHR as an excellent antioxidant substance and inhibiting inflammatory mediators. Therefore, OHR may be used as a therapeutic approach to various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.8
• /
• pp.1079-1083
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of water, methanol, and 70% acetone extracts from pepper leaves. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and chelating effect. Moreover, the effects of the extracts on cell proliferation of breast (MCF7), colon (HCT116), and gastric (MKN45) tumor cells were investigated. Higher extraction yields were obtained with methanol than with 70% acetone and water. Among the three different solvents, 70% acetone extract showed the highest polyphenolic contents. 70% acetone extracts showed higher antioxidant activities compared with other extracts. Also, 70% acetone extract of pepper leaves exhibited higher antiproliferative activity (>80%) against HCT116 and MKN45 cells compared with other samples at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. These results indicate that pepper leaves may serve as potential dietary sources of natural antioxidants and antiproliferative substances.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study was to understand the conservation of gene resources and provide information for mass selection' of winter bud characters among the selected populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz using analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. The obtained results are shown below; 1. Ten populations of K. septemlobus were selected for the study of the variation of winter bud characters in Korea. The results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests shows that there were statistically significant differences in all of the winter bud characters among those populations. 2. Correlation analysis shows that width between Height and DBH(Diameter at breast height) characters have negative relationship with all of the characters, as ABL(Apical branch length), ABW(Apical branch width), AWBL(Apical branch winter bud length), AWBW(Apical branch winter bud width), ABT(Apical branch No. of thorns), ABLB(Apical branch No. of lateral bud) and LBL(Lateral branch length), LBW(Lateral branch width), LBT(Lateral branch No. of thorns), LBLB(Lateral branch No. of lateral bud). 3. The result of principal component analysis(PCA) for winter buds showed that the first principal components(PC' s) to the fourth principal component explains about 78% of the total variation. The first principal component(PC) was correlated with AWBW, LWBW, and LBL and the ratio of ABL/ABW and LBL/LBW out of 16 winter bud characters. The second principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, ABLB, LWBL(Lateral branch winter bud length), and LBW and the ratio of AWBL/AWBW. The third principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, LWBL, LBL, and the ratio of LBL/LBW. The fourth principal component correlated with LBL and the ratio of LWBL/LWBW(Lateral branch winter bud width), LBL/LBW. Therefore, these characters were important to analysis of the variation for winter bud characters among selected populations of K. septemlobus in Korea. 4. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method based on 10 selected populations for the 16 winter bud characters of K. septemlobus in Korea showed a clustering into two groups by level of distance 1.1(Fig. 3). As can be seen in Fig. 3, Group I consisted of three areas(Mt. Sori, Mt. Balwang and Mt. Worak) and Group Ⅱ contisted of seven areas(Suwon, Mt. Chuwang, Mt. Kyeryong, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Jiri, Muan, and Mt. Halla). The result of cluster analysis for winter bud characters corresponded well with principal component analysis, as is shown in Fig. 2.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.538-544
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power), nitric oxide (NO)) production and anticancer activities against human cancer cells (HeLa HepG2, HT-29 and MCF-7) for methanol extracts of Glycine Semen Germinatum (Daedoowhangkeun in Korean) fermented with germinated black soybean and some bacteria. Antioxidant activities were increased by increasing the concentration of the extract at dose-dependent manner, Their activities of black soybean were higher than those of yellow soybean. Non fermented sample was slightly higher than Glycine Semen Germinatum fermented with Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria. In 1 mg/mL of the extract NO production levels were $0.374\;{\mu}M$ for yellow soybean, $0.368\;{\mu}M$ for black soybean, and $0.367\;{\mu}M$ and $0.358\;{\mu}M$ for Glycine Semen Germinatum fermented with B. subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, respectively. Methanol extract of Glycine Semen Germinatum fermented with mixture broth of lactic acid bacteria was shown to be the highest activity for anticancer activities against human cancer cells tested and their activities were exhibited in the order of HeLa > HT-29 > HepG2 > MCF-7 cell.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.254-260
• /
• 2015

The effect of the extraction solvent on the physiological properties of the peel of the Korean pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) was evaluated. The total phenol content was highest in the 80%(wt) methanol extract, whereas flavonoid content was highest in the 80% ethanol extract. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities, and their reducing power. The water and 80% methanol extracts of the pear peel had highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power, respectively. The inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was highest in the 80% methanol extract, and alcohol dehydrogenase activity was highest in the water extract. All three extracts had similar antimicrobial activity. Because water, 80% ethanol, and 80% methanol extracts exhibited high activities in different assays of physiological properties, each solvent could be used for specific purposes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.447-451
• /
• 2012

In order to investigate the efficacies for cognitive function of edible plants, we measured the inhibitory effects of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity, radical scavenging activities, and the contents of GABA and glutamate in the plant extracts. Among the plant extracts, Schizandra chinensis contained the highest GABA 14.8 mg/g and the extracts of Cnidium officinale and Polygonum multiflorum also had a relatively high GABA. On the other hand, plant extracts except, Acorus gramineus, showed similar glutamate contents. S. chinensis, Hovenia dulcis, Thuja orientalis, and Eleutherococcus senticosus exhibited high inhibition against AChE activities at about 18-33% at 1 mg/mL. In addition, strong radical scavenging activities were also detected in those extracts which showed high AChE inhibition. Taken together, H. dulcis, T. orientalis, E. senticosus, and S. chinensis could be effective resources for enhancing cognitive function. Further, it was suggested that the AChE inhibitory activities of plant extracts might be related to antioxidative activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.790-796
• /
• 2005

Physiological activities of hot-water extract and various concentration ethanol extracts from Bokbunja (Rubus coreanum F. ) were examined. Total phenol content of extract showed higher content in hot-water extract (41.4 mg/g) than other extracts, Optimum condition of extraction for phenolic was $60\%$ ethanol extract (41.3 mg/g). The ABTS radical decolorilization and antioxidant protection factor were determined. Results shown inhibition rate on ABTS of $60\%$ ethanol extract $(99.8\%)$ and antioxidant protection factor of water extract (1.2 PF). Electron donation ability on DPPH was higher 60$\%$ ethanol extract than another percent ethanol extracts. Also hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of extracts was higher $60\%$ ethanol extracts $(0.03\times100\mu\;M)$ than another extracts because the value of TBARS was lower than another extracts. But hot-water extract had higher inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase and pancreatin $\alpha$ -amylase than $60\%$ ethanol extract. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory activities were equaled to hot water exract and $60\%$ ethanol extract. Protocatecuic acid was the most abundant phenolic compounds as analyzed by HPLC. The results will be useful as natural antioxidants and functional foods for understanding the physiological activities of Bukbunja extracts.