• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2000

In this paper, we present the design of AAL2/AAL5 Type conversion Unit using among BSC, BTS, Core-Network in IMT-2000 system. We first briefly introduce the B-ISDN ATM Adaptation layer specification of Type 2 AAL and Type 5 AAL, and describe conversion flow and each module. And then this paper has designed AAL2/AAL5 Type Conversion Unit and simulated it.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose ATM switch architecture including ALL type 2 switch which can efficiently transmit low-bit rate data, even if the network has many endpoints. We simulate the architecture of ATM switch fabric that is modeled in computer program and analyze the performance according to offered loads. ATM switch proposed in this paper can support cell switching for all types of m cells which consist of ALL type 1. ALL type 2, ALL type 3/4 and ALL type 5 cells. We propose two switch fabric methods; One supports the ALL type 2 cell processing per input port, the other global ALL type 2 cell processing for every input port. The simulation results show that the latter is superior to the former. But the former has a merit for easy implementation and extensibility. In this paper, the AAL Type 2 switch module which adapts the former method is designed using VHDL language and implemented in FPGA chip. The designed AAL Type 2 switch module operates at 52MHz. The proposed ATM switch fabric is widely applicable to mobile communication, narrow band services over ATM network and wireless ATM as well as general ATM switching fabric.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose ATM switch structure including AAL type 2 switch which can efficiently transmit low-bit rate data, even if the network has many endpoints. We simulate the architecture of ATM switch fabric that is modeled in computer program and analyze the performance according to offered loads. ATM switch proposed in this paper can support cell switching for all types of AAL cells which consist of AAL type 1, AAL type 2, AAL type 3/4, and AAL type 5 cells. We propose two switch fabric methods; One supports the AAL type 2 cell processing per input port, the other global AAL type 2 cell processing for every input port. The simulation results show that the latter is superior to the former. But the former has a strong point for easy implementation and extensibility. The proposed ATM switch fabric architecture is applicable to mobile communication, narrow band services over ATM network.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.3B
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• pp.209-216
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose ATM switch structure including AAL type 2 switch which can efficiently transmit low-bit rate data, even if the network has many endpoints. We simulate the architecture of ATM switch fabric that is modeled in computer program and analyze the performance according to offered loads. ATM switch proposed in this paper can support cell switching for all types of AAL cells which consist of AAL type 1, AAL type 2, AAL type 3/4, and AAL type 5 cells. We propose two switch fabric methods; One supports the AAL type 2 cell processing per input port, the other global AAL type 2 cell processing for every input port. The simulation results show that the latter is superior to the former. But the former has a merit for easy implementation and extensibility. The proposed ATM switch fabric is widely applicable to mobile communication, narrow band services over ATM network and wireless ATM as well as general ATM switching fabric.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.24-29
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• 2000

As a result of the continuing increase in the high capacity and high speed requirement, ATM will be important technology. But previous AAL type cant support service that is variable length, low speed. So AAL2 is the most recently standardized AAL type, which is aimed at providing for the bandwidth efficient transmission of low-rate, short, and variable length packets in delay-sensitive applications. In this paper, we propose the architecture and the behavior of scalable AAL2 switch that are far different from ATM switch. Also, the performance of the designed switch is analyzed by computer simulation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.6
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• pp.847-856
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• 2002

Cellular network applications are growing drastically and this requires a fast and efficient transport method between the base station and the mobile switching center. One possible solution is to use ATM links. The low data rate and small-sized packets in the typical cellular applications imply that significant amount of link bandwidth would be wasted, if this small sized packet is carried by one ATM cell. For efficient operation for such cellular and low bit rate applications, a new type of ATM Adaptation Layer, AAL Type 2, has been proposed. In this paper, the principles of AAL Type 2 are briefly described along with the introduction of other alternatives which have formed the basis for this new AAL. The result from the simulation to study the performance of the AAL Type 2 is discussed from the view point of packet delay and ATM cell use efficiency. Due to the variable size of packets in this application, the fairness issue in serving variable sized packets is also discussed along with the effect of fair queueing algorithm implemented at AAL Type 2.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10c
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• pp.180-182
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• 2000

기존의 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 스위치는 하나의 셀 안에 하나의 음성 데이터를 전송하는 방식이었다. 이러한 방식으로는 적은 양을 갖는 실시간 가변 비트율의 음성 데이터의 서비스를 제공하기에는 비효율적이었다. 이에 ATM 네트워크에서 사용자에게 실시간 가변 비트율로, 적은 양의 음성 데이터를 멀티플랙싱하여 하나의 ATM 셀의 유료부하에 실어 보내는 방식인 AAL2(ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2) 프로토콜의 표준화가 이루어졌다. AAL2 스위치 서버는 AAL2 프로토콜로 인코딩된 ATM 셀을 스위칭하기 위해서 개발되었다. AAL2 스위치 서버는 CPS(Common Part Sublayer) 패킷을 추출해내는 부분과 CPS 패킷의 식별자를 갖고 식별자 스위칭하는 부분, 그리고 스위칭이 끝난 식별자를 갖는 CPS 패킷을 ATM 셀로 만들어 ATM 네트워크를 통해서 전송하는 부분으로 나뉜다. AAL2 스위치 서버를 3개의 부분으로 나누는 이유는 셀을 전송받는 부분과, 식별자 스위칭하는 부분, 다시 셀을 전송하는 부분으로 나누어 병렬 처리를 함으로써 스위치의 성능을 향상시킨다. 이 논문에서는 AAL2 스위치 서버를 구현하고, 그 활용방안에 대해서 알아보도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.102-105
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• 1999

AAL type 2 provides for the bandwidth efficient transmission of low bit rate, short and variable packets in delay sensitive application. The service object for these networks ranges from POTS to multimedia conference. In this paper, we present one possible architecture which common part sublayer for new AAL type 2. The proposed CPS function has been achieved with on a FPGA The proposed architecture is faithful to the standardization of ITU-T and ATM-forum recommendation The proposed architecture applies to variable packet length from architecture CODECs for cellular network.. It's maximum process capability is 155Mbps with 256 CIDs. The architecture has sync./async. interface to application block and UTOPIA interface is used for physical layer interface.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.113-116
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• 1999

This paper presents a hardware architecture of AAL(ATM Adaptation Layer) type 2 switch. The proposed architecture can assign and configure maximum AAL2 CID limit. AAL2 is the protocol which has been recommended by ITU-T and ATM-Forum for low bit rate delay sensitive services. The architecture assumes 155 Mbps STM-1/STS-3c physical interface, maximum VCC can be 64K connections. It can support maximum 16,384M AAL2 connections. For efficient use of peripheral memory, a concept of segment address was proposed. The proposed AAL2 switch hardware architecture can be used in ATM network as a standalone server or embedded module in a ATM switching system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2003

A lectin named AAL has been purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. AAL consisted of two identical subunits of 15.8 kDa, its pI was about 3.8 determined by isoelectric focusing, and no carbohydrate was discerned. Being treated by pyrogultamate aminopeptidase, the blocked N-terminus of AAL was sequenced as QGVNIYNI. AAL agglutinated human and animal erythrocytes regardless of blood type or animal species. Its hemagglutinating activity was unaffected by acid or alkali treatment and demetalization or addition of divalent metals $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$. AAL was toxic to mice: its LD50 was 15.85 mg per kilogram body weight by intraperitoneal injection. In this study, two novel activities of AAL were proved. It showed inhibition activity to infection of tobacco mosaic virus on Nicotiana glutinosa. The result of IEF suggested that AAL attached to TMV particles. Mycelia differentiation promotion was the other interesting activity. AAL promoted the differentiation of fruit body primordia from the mycelia of Agrocybe aegerita and Auricularia polytricha. AAL antiserum was prepared and immunologically cross-reactived with several proteins from five other kinds of mushrooms. These results suggested that AAL probably was a representative of a large protein family, which plays important physiological roles in mushroom.