• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.487-493
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• 2010

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) became a major problem since 2000 in shipbuilding industry. WMSDs are known to be resulted from awkward postures, high repetitive motions, excessive forces, mechanical stress and vibration. Korean government enacted a law to require companies to take measures to prevent musculoskeletal disorders at work. If there are more than 10 incidences of WMSDs or 5 incidences which are more than 10 percent of all workers in a company, this law requires a company to implement an ergonomics program. A few large companies in shipbuilding industry have already implemented or are in the process of implementing an ergonomics program. This paper presents a case study of an implementation of an ergonomics program in a Korean shipbuilding company. We audited the process of the ergonomics program in this shipbuilding company four times for 3 years. Based on the findings, this paper presents effects and problems of an ergonomics program and improvement measures of them. These findings will help companies which want to implement an ergonomics program in the future.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.487-500
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• 2014

A new method to calculate the transmittable prevalence of an epidemic disease is proposed based on a back-calculation formula. We calculated the probabilities of reactivation and of parasitemia as well as transmittable prevalence (the number of persons with parasitemia in the incubation period) of malaria in South Korea using incidence of 12 years(2001-2012). For this computation, a new probability function of transmittable condition is obtained. The probability of reactivation is estimated by the least squares method for the back-calculated longterm incubation period. The probability of parasitemia is calculated by a convolution of the survival function of the short-term incubation function and the probability of reactivation. Transmittable prevalence is computed by a convolution of the infected numbers and the probabilities of transmission. Confidence intervals are calculated using the parametric bootstrap method. The method proposed is applicable to other epidemic diseases in other countries where incidence and a long incubation period are available. We found the estimated transmittable prevalence in South Korea was concentrated in the summer with 276 cases on a peak at the $31^{st}$ week and with about a 60% reduction in the peak from the naive prevalence. The statistics of transmittable prevalence can be used for malaria prevention programs and to select blood transfusion donors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.487-504
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• 2013

In the present work a new friction device, with a set of single or double rotational friction flanges and a link element, is described and tested. The mechanism may be applied for the strengthening of existing r/c or steel buildings as well as in new constructed buildings. The device has selectable variable behavior in different levels of displacement and an interlock mechanism that is provided by the link element. The link element may be designed to lock at preselected level of displacement, offering in this way an extra safety reserve against strong earthquakes. A summary of the existing literature about other similar mechanisms is initially presented in this paper. The proposed mechanism is presented and described in details. Laboratory experiments are presented in detail and the resulted response that proves the efficiency of the mechanism at selectable levels of strength capacity is discussed. Drawings of the mechanism attached to a r/c frame with connection details are also included. Finally a dynamic analysis of two r/c frames, with and without the proposed mechanism attached, is performed and the resulted response is given. The main conclusion is that the proposed mechanism is a cheap and efficient devise for the improvement of the performance of new or existing framed buildings to seismic loads.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.28
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• pp.12.1-12.5
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• 2013

Objectives The role of genetic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) for lung cancer development was evaluated. Methods Genotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ polymorphisms, -1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, were determined in 616 lung cancer cases and 616 lung cancer-free controls. Results After adjusting for body mass index and smoking, each TNF-${\alpha}$ genotype or haplotype composed of five TNF-${\alpha}$ single nucleotide polymorphisms did not show an association with lung cancer risk (p>0.05). The statistical power was found to be 88.4%, 89.3%, 93.3%, 69.7%, and 93.9% for 1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of each SNP or haplotype on lung cancer risk were not found to be different according to the cell type of lung cancer (p>0.05). In the repeated analysis with only subjects without other diseases related to inflammation, there was also no association between polymorphisms or haplotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk (p>0.05). Conclusions This study found no association between common variants of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

This study aimed to visualize a pig character targeting the golden pig in Geuknakjeon of Bulguksa Temple. As for a pig, it is included in this list of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals and controls Haeshinjang. Today, the characters market is enjoying rapid growth due to diversification of platforms. However, we do not see many characters made out of Korean traditional cultures and customs. This study first looks into significance of pigs that are often observed in Korean traditional culture and then offers possibilities of their being transformed into contemporary characters. In order to achieve the research goals, the study shed new light on the golden pig in Bulguksa Temple. As making contemporary applications to , the study proceeded with work of visualization. As for a face of a character, the study focused on that of the pig but regarding a body, the study applied a man's body. After all, the study came up with this SD character in a second-proportioned figure. This study discuses formative characteristics of existing Buddhist cultural assets and uses the character for improving understanding on Korean traditional culture. In the future, the study will propose ideas on animation contents development targeting infants and children.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.487-491
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• 2015

In photovoltaic power generation where minority carrier generation via light absorption is competing against minority carrier recombination, the substrate thickness and material quality are interdependent, and appropriate combination of the two variables is important in obtaining the maximum output power generation. Medici, a two-dimensional semiconductor device simulation tool, is used to investigate the interdependency in relation to the maximum power output in front-lit Si solar cells. Qualitatively, the results indicate that a high quality substrate must be thick and that a low quality substrate must be thin in order to achieve the maximum power generation in the respective materials. The dividing point is $70{\mu}m/5{\times}10^{-6}sec$. That is, for materials with a minority carrier recombination lifetime longer than $5{\times}10^{-6}sec$, the substrate must be thicker than $70{\mu}m$, while for materials with a lifetime shorter than $5{\times}10^{-6}sec$, the substrate must be thinner than $70{\mu}m$. In substrate fabrication, the thinner the wafer, the lower the cost of material, but the higher the cost of wafer fabrication. Thus, the optimum thickness/lifetime combinations are defined in this study along with the substrate cost considerations as part of the factors to be considered in material selection.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a rubric for simulation education and to evaluate this rubric's effect on academic achievement of nursing students. Methods: The rubric was developed through nursing expert's and student's negotiation. Content validity was verified. The participants were 144 undergraduate nursing students recruited from the one university in G city. The participants were given the simulation education for 15 weeks from July, 2011 through December, 2012.[LAB1] The rubric was presented to the experimental group before the course began but was not presented to the control group. The data were analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test with SPSS win 17.0 program. Results: The simulation education rubric was to improve academic achievement. Looking at the results it significantly improved nursing competence and knowledge. Conclusion: The rubric had a positive effect on academic achievement. A rubric with a high reliability and validity in a number of areas needs to be developed, and there is a need to develop a standardized rubric for simulation education.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.482-487
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• 1988

A sequential-clustered integrator based on GEAR method is developed for the purpose of dynamic simulation of chemical processes. And a single simulator structure capable of employing various integration approaches is designed and its efficiency and flexiblity is evaluated. Sequential integration method is superior to simultaneous method for the process without recycle, but simultaneous method is very powerful for the coupled process with recycle.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1987.10b
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• pp.484-487
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• 1987

In order to measure object larger than the optical field-of-view most video measurement systems utilize some sort of precision staging mechanism, and to utilize such a staging systems, Auto-Measurement System implemented in this paper has a precision of its own which affect the overall repeatability of the measuring instrument.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.487-488
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• 2005