• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.234-250
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• 1998

Bujeonghangamtang(扶正抗癌湯) has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carroed out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Bujeonghangamtang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by .the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(Sl80 cells). Treatment of the Bujeonghangamtang water-extract (dailly 1mg/mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Bujeonghangamtang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice (TBM). Bujeongmngamtang also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurence-frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Bujeonghangamtang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Bujeonghangamtang-administration to mice enhanced NK cells attivities. These results demonstrated that Bujeonghangamtang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Bujeonghangamtang might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.431-437
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• 1998

Optimal media and cultural conditions for the production of prodigiosin-like pigment were established using Serratia sp. KH-95. Glucose and phosphate(K2PO4) stimulated the cell growth, but inhibited the production of pigment at concentration levels of above 10 g/L and 2.0 g/L, respectively. Addition of soy been oil or rice oil to the production medium accelerated cell growth up to more than 2-3 times, but the production of prodigiosin increased about 15-20% in spite of the good cell growth. The effect of pH on the production of pigment was investigated in a 5 liter-bioreactor. When the pH of culture broth was maintained below 8.0, most of pigment was attached to the surface of cells. When the pH of culture broth was above 8.5, however, about 70% of total pigment was suspended in the supernatant of the broth. The cell growth and production of pigment were inhibited at dissolved oxygen concentration of below 10% of air-saturation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.437-450
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• 2024

Objective: Vanin-1 (VNN1) is a pantetheinase that catalyses the hydrolysis of pantetheine to produce pantothenic acid and cysteamine. Our previous studies have shown that the VNN1 is specifically expressed in chicken liver which negatively regulated by microRNA-122. However, the functions of the VNN1 in lipid metabolism in chicken liver haven't been elucidated. Methods: First, we detected the VNN1 mRNA expression in 4-week chickens which were fasted 24 hours. Next, knocked out VNN1 via CRISPR/Cas9 system in the chicken Leghorn Male Hepatoma cell line. Detected the lipid deposition via oil red staining and analysis the content of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) after VNN1 knockout in Leghorn Male Hepatoma cell line. Then we captured various differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between VNN1-modified LMH cells and original LMH cells by RNA-seq. Results: Firstly, fasting-induced expression of VNN1. Meanwhile, we successfully used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to achieve targeted mutations of the VNN1 in the chicken LMH cell line. Moreover, the expression level of VNN1 mRNA in LMH-KO-VNN1 cells decreased compared with that in the wild-type LMH cells (p<0.0001). Compared with control, lipid deposition was decreased after knockout VNN1 via oil red staining, meanwhile, the contents of TG and LDL-C were significantly reduced, and the content of HDL-C was increased in LMH-KO-VNN1 cells. Transcriptome sequencing showed that there were 1,335 DEGs between LMH-KO-VNN1 cells and original LMH cells. Of these DEGs, 431 were upregulated, and 904 were downregulated. Gene ontology analyses of all DEGs showed that the lipid metabolism-related pathways, such as fatty acid biosynthesis and long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, were enriched. KEGG pathway analyses showed that "lipid metabolism pathway", "energy metabolism", and "carbohydrate metabolism" were enriched. A total of 76 DEGs were involved in these pathways, of which 29 genes were upregulated (such as cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2, and apolipoprotein A4) and 47 genes were downregulated (such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) by VNN1 knockout in the LMH cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that VNN1 plays an important role in coordinating lipid metabolism in the chicken liver.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.815-819
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• 2013

Micropatterns of streptavidin and human epidermal carcinoma A431 cells were successfully imaged, as received and without any labeling, using cluster $Au_3{^+}$ ion beam-based time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) together with a principal component analysis (PCA). Three different analysis ion beams ($Ga^+$, $Au^+$ and $Au_3{^+}$) were compared to obtain label-free TOF-SIMS chemical images of micropatterns of streptavidin, which were subsequently used for generating cell patterns. The image of the total positive ions obtained by the $Au_3{^+}$ primary ion beam corresponded to the actual image of micropatterns of streptavidin, whereas the total positive-ion images by $Ga^+$ or $Au^+$ primary ion beams did not. A PCA of the TOF-SIMS spectra was initially performed to identify characteristic secondary ions of streptavidin. Chemical images of each characteristic ion were reconstructed from the raw data and used in the second PCA run, which resulted in a contrasted - and corrected - image of the micropatterns of streptavidin by the $Ga^+$ and $Au^+$ ion beams. The findings herein suggest that using cluster-ion analysis beams and multivariate data analysis for TOF-SIMS chemical imaging would be an effectual method for producing label-free chemical images of micropatterns of biomolecules, including proteins and cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2022

Licochalcone H (LCH) is a phenolic compound synthetically derived from licochalcone C (LCC) that exerts anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of LCH in human skin cancer A375 and A431 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) cell viability assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of LCH. Cell cycle distribution and the induction of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting assays were performed to detect the levels of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. LCH inhibited the growth of cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The annexin V/propidium iodide double staining assay revealed that LCH induced apoptosis, and the LCH-induced apoptosis was accompanied by cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was decreased by treatment with LCH. The inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by pharmacological inhibitors against JAK2/STAT3 (cryptotanshinone (CTS) and S3I-201) simulated the antiproliferative effect of LCH suggesting that LCH induced apoptosis by modulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.431-431
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• 2016

Typical Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)-based solar cells have a buffer layer between CIGS absorber layer and transparent ZnO front electrode, which plays an important role in improving the cell performance. Among various buffer materials, chemical bath deposition (CBD)-ZnS is being steadily studied to alternative to conventional CdS and the efficiency of CBD-ZnS/CIGS solar cell shows the comparable values with that of CdS/CIGS solar cell. The intriguing thing is that reversible changes occur after exposure to illumination due to the metastable defect states in completed ZnS/CIGS solar cell, which induces an improvement of solar cell performance. Thus, it implies that the understanding of metastable defects in CBD-ZnS/CIGS solar cell is important issue. In this study, we fabricate the ITO/i-ZnO/CBD-ZnS/CIGS/Mo/SLG solar cells by controlling the NH4OH mole concentration (from 2 M to 3.5 M) of CBD-ZnS buffer layer and observe their conversion efficiency with and without light soaking for 1 hr. From the results, NH4OH mole concentration and light exposure can significantly affect the CBD-ZnS/CIGS solar cell performance. In order to investigate that which layer can contain metastable defect states to influence on solar cell performance, impedance spectroscopy and capacitance profiling technique with exposure to illumination have been applied to CBD-ZnS/CIGS solar cell. These techniques give a very useful information on the density of states within the bandgap of CIGS, free carriers density, and light-induced metastable effects. Here, we present the rearranged charge distribution after exposure to illumination and suggest the origin of the metastable defect states in CBD-ZnS/CIGS solar cell.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2007

해조류는 다양한 생리 활성을 나타내는 성분들을 함유하고 있어 항산화효과 등 다양한 생리활성 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 식용 가능한 28종의 해조류 메탄올추출물 중 보라우무 메탄올추출물이 인간의 대장에서 유래한 암세포인 HT-29세포의 세포증식을 억제함을 밝혔고, 가장 강한 HT-29 세포 증식 억제 효과를 나타낸 보라우무 메탄올추출물의 대장암세포 증식억제 기전을 밝히고자 하였다. 보라우무 메탄올추출물을 HT-29 세포 배양액에 여러 농도$(0{\sim}20{\mu}g/mL)$로 첨가하여 세포를 배양한 경우 보라우무 메탄올추출물 처리 농도가 증가할수록 세포증식이 현저히 감소하였고, apoptotic cell수는 현저히 증가하였다. Apoptosis의 주요한 조절인자인 Bcl-2 family 단백질 중 Bcl-2는 보라우무 메탄올추출물에 의해 변화가 없었고 Bax는 고농도에서만 소폭 감소하였다. 반면, t-Bid 단백질 수준은 보라우무 메탄올추출물의 처리에 의해 현저하게 증가하였다 Bcl-2 family Protein과 더불어 apoptosis의 조절에 주요한 역할을 하는 caspase 단백질의 경우 보라우무메탄올추출물 처리에 의해 cleaved caspase-8, -9, -7, -3 단백질 수준이 현저히 증가하였고, cleaved PARP 단백질수준도 현저히 증가하였다. 또한, caspase-8의 활성화를 유도하는 Fas 단백질 수준도 보라우무 메탄올추출물에 의해 현저하게 증가하였다. 이 결과로부터 보라우무 메탄올추출물은 caspase-8의 활성 증가에 의한 미토콘드리아 막 투과성 변화와 caspase-7/-3 활성의 증가를 통해 apoptosis를 유도함으로써 암세포의 증식을 억제한다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 본 연구는 보라우무를 항암효과를 지니는 기능성식품이나 항암제로 개발할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있으며 향후 보라우무를 이용한 제품의 개발을 위해서는 유효성분의 동정 및 그 성분의 작용 기전에 대한 면밀한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2012

Calpains are a class of proteins that belong to the calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases. There are three major types of calpains expressed in the skeletal muscle, namely, ${\mu}$-calpain, m-calpain, and calpain 3, which show proteolytic activities. Skeletal muscle fibers possess all three calpains, and they are $Ca^{2+}$-dependent proteases. The functional role of calpains was found to be associated with apoptosis and myogenesis. However, calpain 3 is likely to be involved in sarcomeric remodeling. A defect in the expression of calpain 3 leads to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. Calpain 3 is found in skeletal muscle fibers at the N2A line of the large elastic protein, titin. A substantial proportion of calpain 3 is activated 24 h following a single bout of eccentric exercise. In vitro studies indicated that calpain 3 can be activated 2-4 fold higher than normal resting cytoplasmic [$Ca^{2+}$]. Characterization of the calpain system in the developing muscle is essential to explain which calpain isoforms are present and whether both ${\mu}$-calpain and m-calpain exist in differentiating myoblasts. Information from such studies is needed to clarify the role of the calpain system in skeletal muscle growth. It has been demonstrated that the activation of ubiquitous calpains and calpain 3 in skeletal muscle is very well regulated in the presence of huge and rapid changes in intracellular [$Ca^{2+}$].

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

Pericarpium castaneae extracts have variously potent activities, such as anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity. in vivo and in vitro studies both indicate that pericarpium castaneae extracts acts as a free radical scavenger($IC_{50}:7.6{\mu}g/ml$) stronger than gallic acid($IC_{50}:12.5{\mu}g/ml$) and ellagic acid($IC_{50}:15{\mu}g/ml$) which could prevent cutaneous UV damages and skin aging. The extracts showed a good effect as a anti-oxidant($IC_{50}:50{\mu}g/ml$). It was shown that the appearance of wrinkle in human skin was reduced by topical application of pericarpium castaneae extracts. And the treatment of human skin with the extracts increased the elasticity and moisture of the skin. We investigated the effect of the pericarpium castaneae extracts on production of extracellular matrix using cultured A431 fibroblast cells. The results indicated that the extracts had no detectable effect on collagen synthesis. But synthesis of cell adhesion protein was increased by the extracts. The results suggest that increase of cell adhesion protein synthesis by pericarpium castaneae extracts has closely related to reduction of wrinkle in skin.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.57-64
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• 1999

Pericarpium castaneae extracts have variously potent activities, such as anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity. in vivo and in vivo studies both indicate that pericarpium castaneae extracts acts as a flee radical scavenger ($IC_{50}$/: 7.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) stronger than gallic acid($IC_{50}$/: 12.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and ellagic acid($IC_{50}$/: 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) which could prevent cutaneous UV damages and skin aging. The extracts showed a good effect as a anti-oxidant ($IC_{50}$/: 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). It was shown that the appearance of wrinkle in human skin was reduced by topical application of pericarpium castaneae extracts. And the treatment of human skin with the extracts increased the elasticity and moisture of the skin. We investigated the effect of tile pericarpium castaneae extracts on production of extracellular matrix using cultured A431 fibroblast cells. The results indicated that the extracts had no detectable effect on collagen synthesis, But synthesis of cell adhesion protein was increased by the extracts. The results suggest that increase of cell adhesion protein synthesis by pericarpium castaneae extracts has closely related to reduction of wrinkle in skin.