• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2019

All the parts of lotus, including the seed, rhizome, leaf, stalk, petal, anther, pericarp, and fruit receptacle, have been used in traditional medicine system as a health beneficial supplement. However the most usually used from lotus plant is only the root. Therefore in this study, it will be discussed more the utilization of other parts of the lotus, namely the flower of lotus. The petals and stamens of lotus actually are also rich in bioactive components such as flavonoids and alkaloids, are used in the treatment of tissue inflammation, cancer, skin disease, and also for us as antidotes. One of the biotechnological process that can be used to improve the nutritional content, sensory, and also antioxidant activities is fermentation process. The final product desired from the fermentation process in this study is vinegar. The microbial strain powder used is Uinkin fermented powder with three variations of fermentation. The variations given in this study were initial sugar 32%, 24%, and 14% with the same fermentation temperature, $35^{\circ}C$ for 3 months. The results obtained showed that the pH value and sugar content of products during the fermentation process were decreasing during the fermentation process, with total polyphenol content of $283.7{\pm}97.6mg/100g\;QAE$, and total flavonoid content of $3.3{\pm}0.0mg/100g\;QAE$. For the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the fermentation product also increased in a concentration dependent manner, with ORAC activity of the product showed a high activity of $20.7{\pm}0.41{\mu}M$ TE. Therefore, fermentation process can be the one of method for improving the product. The efficiency of lotus flower vinegar fermentation can be reached with an initial sugar condition of 25% (sample B).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2013

An injector that uses methane gas ($CH_4$) and liquid oxygen ($LO_x$) as propellants was designed to verify the combustion characteristics of an engine that uses methane, which is one of the next-generation propellants. A swirl/shear coaxial-type injector was used, and flow analysis was performed using Fluent to determine the main design parameters of the injector. A hydraulic test was performed to understand the atomization and spray pattern characteristics of the injector. Next, a combustion test was performed at the design point to understand the ignition and combustion stability. Additional combustion tests were performed according to the O/F ratio to investigate the combustion characteristics and stabilities using the characteristic exhaust velocity ($C^*$) and fluctuation of the chamber pressure. The experimental results showed that the combustion efficiency was greater than 90%, and the pressure fluctuation was lower than 2% under all conditions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2007

Embryogenic calluses derived from shoot apical meristem explants of sweetpotato were subjected to particle bombardment to generate transgenic plants for antisense expression of cDNAs encoding two different AGPase small subunit (ibAGP1 and ibAGP2). Plants were generated via somatic embryogenesis. PCR and Southern analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of ibAGP1 and ibAGP2 into the genome in an antisense orientation. Immunoblot analysis confirmed reduced levels of AGPase small subunit in transgenic plant leaves. Plants with both ibAGP1 and ibAGP2 produced a lower level of the protein than plants with ibAGP1 alone. iodine test demonstrated that transgenic plant leaves and storage root accumulated reduced amounts of starch. Iodine staining of leaf tissues indicated that transgenic plants accumulated less amount of starch than control. In accordance with western blot analysis, plants with both ibAGP1 and ibAGP2 accumulated a lower amount of starch than plants with ibAGP1 alone. Both transgenic plants exhibited a severely retarded growth, resulting in bare survival. It is suggested that disrupted expression of the gene encoding AGPase small subunit is lethal to the growth of sweetpotato contrast to other species including potato.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2018

Human fibroblast growth factor (FGF) has the potential to be a commercially important therapeutic or cosmeceutical agent due to its ability to generate tissue and heal wounds. Granting permeability into skin tissues increases the therapeutic effects of FGF. Thus, several researchers have attempted the fusion of FGF conjugates with protein transduction domains (PTDs) to investigate the transduction ability and therapeutic effects of FGF. Less is known, however, about whether the location of PTD fused to the N- or C-terminus of FGF proteins has a significant impact on the folding and stability in Escherichia coli, and eventually, on transduction. Here, we report cloning of human basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) as a control and FGF2 with PTD fused to the N- or C-terminal ends of FGF proteins by an overlap extension PCR. We performed expression, verified expression properties of recombinant FGF2 without or with PTD fused to the N-terminus and the C-terminus, and investigated transduction ability into tissue by treating the dorsal skin of mice subjects. As a result, FGF2 and FGF2-PTD (fused to C-terminus) fusion protein were expressed as soluble forms suitable for straight-forward purification, unlike insoluble PTD-FGF2 (fused to N-terminus), but only FGF2-PTD fusion protein could transduce into the dorsal skin tissue of the mice subjects. Our results suggest that FGF2 with PTD fused to the C-terminus is more efficient than other options in terms of expression, purification, and delivery into skin tissue, as it does not require labor-intensive, costly, and time-consuming methods.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effect of mugwort powder supplementation on the fattening performance and carcass characteristics during a 14 month period (from 14 months to 27 months after birth) in 32 heads of fattening Hanwoo. Fattening Hanwoos were randomly assigned 4 treatments (8 heads/treatment): C-1 [(control (0%) with Hanwoo steers)], C-2 [(control (0%) with Hanwoo heifers)], T-1 (supplementation with 2.0% mugwort powder with Hanwoo steers) and T-2(supplementation with 2.0% mugwort powder with Hanwoo heifers). The final body weights for C-1, C-2, T-1 and T-2 at 27 months were 648.6kg, 623.1kg, 663.3kg and 620.7kg, respectively. The total gain and the daily gain were highest in the T-1 group (342.4 kg, 0.88 kg). Hanwoo steers were not significantly different from Hanwoo heifers. The feed intake for the C-1, C-2, T-1 and T-2 groups were 9.35 kg, 9.09 kg, 10.08 kg and 9.69 kg, with the T-1 value being highest. The feed conversion ratios were as follows: C-1 (11.28) > T-1 (11.48) > C-2 (11.52) > T-2 (12.57). The concentrations of total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, glucose and BUN in blood serum during the fattening period were higher after than before the experiment The total cholesterol, GOT and glucose after completion of the experiment were higher in the treatment groups than the control groups (p<0.05). The carcass body weight was higher in the treatment groups than the control groups. The back fat thickness was lower in the treatment groups (12.75-14.75mm) than the control groups (15.76-16.00mm), and the longissimus muscle area was higher in the treatment groups $(84.25-87.88cm^2)$ than the control groups $(84.00-85.25cm^2)$ with the highest over-all values in the T-1 group (p<0.05). The yield grade and quality grade point were higher in the treatment groups (2.02-2.50, 2.85-3.05 point, respectively) than the control groups (1.80, 2.55-2.80 point, respectively). In conclusion, the effects of feeding dietary mugwort powder to Hanwoo steers improved the ADG, carcass body weight, longissimus muscle area and quality grade.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2000

Natriuretic peptides comprise a family of three structurally related peptides; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). The present study was performed to investigate the effect of ANP on the proliferation and activity of ROS17/2.8 and HOS cells which are well-characterized osteoblastic cell lines. ANP dose-dependently decreased the number of ROS17/2.8 and HOS cells after 48-hour treatment. ANP generally increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of ROS17/2.8 and HOS cells after 48 hr treatment, regardless of the fact that basal activity of alkaline phosphatase was much lower in HOS cells compared to that of ROS17/1.8 cells. ANP increased the NBT reduction by ROS17/2.8 and HOS cells. ANP showed the variable but no significant effect on the nitric oxide production by ROS17/2.8 and HOS cells. ROS17/2.8 and HOS cells produced and secreted gelatinase into culture medium, and this enzyme was thought to be the gelatinase A type with the molecular weight determination. The gelatinase activity produced by ROS17/2.8 cells was increased by the treatment of ANP. However, the enzyme activity was not affected by ANP treatment in the HOS cell culture. In summary, ANP decreased the proliferation and increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and NBT reduction of osteoblasts. These results indicate that ANP is one of the important regulators of bone metabolism.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.271-283
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. For this study, cell surviving curves were obtained for human squamous cell carcinoma KB cell line after radiation exposure and/or administration of antitumor drugs. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Gy were irradiated at a dose rate of 210cGy/min using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALDORADO 8. After irradiation, KB cell lines (3×104cells/ml) were exposed to 2㎍/ml of bleomycin or cisplatin for 1 hour. The viable cells were determined by MTT assay for each radiation dose and/or each drug at the 4th day. And they were compared to control values. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The slope of the surviving curve after irradiation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Gy on KB cell line was relatively steep. 2. There was no significant difference between the cytotoxicity of bleomycin compared to control group. But, there was significant difference between the cytotoxicity of cisplatin compared to control group. And the cytotoxicity of cisplatin was greater than that of bleomycin on KB cell line. 3. There were significant differences of surviving fractions after irradiation of 2Gy and 10Gy with 2㎍/ml of bleomycin compared with the groups of irradiation only on KB cell line. 4. There were significant differences of surviving fractions after irradiation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Gy with 2㎍/ml of cisplatin compared with the groups of irradiation only on KB cell line. 5. There was significant difference of surviving fraction between groups after irradiation of 10Gy with 2㎍/ml of bleomycin and cisplatin.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2021

We have investigated the electrical transport properties of polycrystalline tantalum nitride (TaN_x) films. Various compositions of tantalum (nitride) thin films have been deposited on SiO₂ substrates by reactive DC magnetron sputtering while changing the ratio of nitrogen partial pressure. The substrate temperature was maintained at 283 K during deposition. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated the presence of α-Ta and β-Ta phases in the Ta film deposited in pure argon atmosphere, while fcc-TaN_x phases appeared in the sputtering gas mixture of argon and nitrogen. The N/Ta atomic ratio in the film increased ranging from 0.36 to 1.07 for nitrogen partial pressure from 7 to 20.7%. The superconducting transition temperatures of the TaN_x thin films were measured to be greater than 3.86 K with a maximum of 5.34 K. The electrical resistivity of TaN_x thin film was in the range of 177-577 𝜇Ωcm and increased with an increase in nitrogen content. The upper critical filed at zero temperature for a TaN_0.87 thin film was estimated to exceed 11.3 T, while it showed the lowest T_c = 3.86 K among the measured superconducting TaN_x thin films. We try to explain the behavior of the increase of the residual resistivity and the upper critical field for TaN_x thin films with the nitrogen content by using the combined role of the intergrain Coulomb effect and disorder effect by grain boundaries.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.269-283
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the food security status of urban poor adolescents and its association with diet quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 188 adolescents aged 13-18 yrs living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Household food insecurity and dietary intake data were collected using the Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity instrument and 2-day 24-h dietary recalls, respectively. Diet quality was determined using the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Weight and height were measured and body mass index-for-age, as well as height-for-age z scores were calculated. RESULTS: The present study revealed that 47.9% of the adolescents experienced household food insecurity, 24.5% experienced individual food insecurity, 18.6% household food security, and 9.0% child hunger. The mean score of diet quality was 56.83 ± 10.09, with a significantly lower HEI score among food insecure adolescents (household food insecure, individual food insecure, and child hunger) than household food secure adolescents (P = 0.001). The differences between food secure and food insecure households were found to be significant for energy (P = 0.001) and nutrients including proteins (P = 0.006), carbohydrates (P = 0.005), dietary fiber (P = 0.001), folate (P < 0.001), and vitamin C (P = 0.006). The multiple linear regression showed that adolescents who experienced food insecurity (β = -0.328; P = 0.003) were found to be significantly associated with poor diet quality (F = 2.726; P < 0.01), wherein 13.3% of the variation in the diet quality was explained by the food security status. CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing food insecurity contributed to poor diet quality among urban poor adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to comprehensively understand this association to improve food insecurity and diet quality among urban poor communities.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.2.1-2.14
• /
• 2023

Microglia, similar to peripheral macrophages, are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia exist in the resting state in the healthy CNS, but can be activated and polarized into either M1 or M2 subtypes for immune defense and the maintenance of CNS homeostasis by multiple stimuli. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediate human inflammatory diseases and neuropathologies by regulating their target genes. However, the function of common lncRNAs that contribute to microglial activation remains unclear. Thus, we used bioinformatic approaches to identify common lncRNAs involved in microglial activation in vitro. Our study identified several lncRNAs as common regulators of microglial activation. We identified 283 common mRNAs and 53 common lncRNAs during mouse M1 microglial activation processes, whereas 26 common mRNAs and five common lncRNAs were identified during mouse M2 microglial activation processes. A total of 648 common mRNAs and 274 common lncRNAs were identified during the activation of human M1 microglia. In addition, we identified 1,920 common co-expressed pairs in mouse M1 activation processes and 25 common co-expressed pairs in mouse M2 activation processes. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of common lncRNA expression profiles in microglial activation processes in vitro. The list of common lncRNAs identified in this study provides novel evidence and clues regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial activation.