• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.291-297
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• 2015

The Homeobox B13 (HOXB13):Interleukin 17 Receptor B (IL17BR) index of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (ER (+) BC) patients may be a potential biomarker of recurrence/ metastasis. However, effects of microRNA (miRNA) binding to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of HOXB13 and IL17BR and its function on recurrence/metastasis in ER (+) BC remains elusive. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of miRNAs that bind to 3' UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR in ER (+) BC patients and asess the effects of these miRNAs on recurrence/metastasis. The expression profiles of HOXB13 and IL17BR were evaluated using RT-PCR in tumors and normal tissue samples from 40 ER (+) BC patients. The expression level of 4 miRNAs, which were predicted to bind the 3' UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR using TargetScan, microRNA.org and miRDB online databases, were further evaluated with RT-PCR. Our findings demonstrated that high miR-1266 levels might be significant prognostic factor for recurrence/metastasis occurrence (3.05 fold p=0.004) and tamoxifen response (3.90 fold; p=0.2514) in ER (+) BC cases. Although we suggest that modulation of miR-1266 expression may be an important mechanism underlying the chemoresistance of ER (+) BC, advanced studies and validation are required.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 2009

We conducted a QTL analysis of grain quality traits using 117 $BC_3F_4$ and $BC_3F_5$ lines developed from a cross between Ilpumbyeo and Moroberekan. Genotypes of 117 $BC_3F_5$ lines were determined using 134 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A linkage map constructed using 134 SSR markers was employed to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL). The 117 $BC_3F_4$ and $BC_3F_5$ lines were evaluated for eleven grain quality traits in 2005 and 2006. A total of 18 QTLs were identified for eleven traits, and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 9.9% to 35.2%. Moroberekan alleles contributed positive effects in the Ilpumbyeo background at two QTL loci for 1,000 grain weight. Four QTLs, two for chalky rice and one each for 1,000 grain weight and head rice were consistently detected in two consecutive years indicating that these QTLs are stable. Clusters of QTLs were observed in three chromosome regions. One cluster harboring five QTLs including head rice and brown rice ratio near SSR markers RM190 and RM314 was detected on chromosome 6. Another cluster harboring grain weight and white belly was detected on chromosome 2. Increase in white belly at this locus might be due to the increase in grain weight due to the presence of the Moroberekan allele. The Moroberekan alleles at two QTL loci, gw3 and gw4 associated with increased grain weight might be useful in breeding programs to develop high-yielding cultivars.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4071-4077
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• 2014

Background: The effects of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of bladder cancer (BC) remain controversial. We carried out a meta-analysis to clarify the role of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms in BC. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to November 20, 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association. Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed. Results: Eight studies involving 1,059 BC cases and 1,061 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant association between the two common mutations of CYP1A1 and BC risk. For the I1e462Val A/G polymorphism with GG vs. AA the OR was 1.47 (95 % CI= 0.70-3.07, P =0.308). For the MspI T/C polymorphism, though a slight trend was found this was not statistically nonsignificant (CC vs.TT, OR = 1.24, 95 % CI= 0.98-1.58, P =0.078). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity also found no obvious association between CYP1A1 and BC risk. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that CYP1A1 polymorphism is not associated with bladder cancer risk.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2004

This paper presents a fully integrated 5 GHz band low phase noise LC tank VCO. The implemented VCO is tuned by integrated PN diodes and tuning rage is 5.01∼5.30 GHz with 0∼3 V control voltage. For improved phase noise performance, a LC filtering technique is adapted. The measured phase noise is -87.8 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency and -111.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency which is excellent performance. Moreover phase noise is improved by 5 dB after employing the LC filter. It is the first experimental result in field of InGaP/GaAs HBT VCOs. The figure of merit of the fabricated VCO with LC filter is -172.1 dBc/Hz. It is the best result among 5 GHz InGaP HBT VCOs. Moreover this work shows lower DC power consumption, higher output power and more fixed output power compared with previous 4, 5 GHz band InGaP HBT VCOs.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.7 no.2 s.13
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• pp.236-244
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• 2003

In this paper, RF and IF circuits for mobile terminals which have usually been implemented using expensive BiCMOS processes are designed using CMOS circuits, and a Tx CMOS RF/IF single chip for PCS applications is designed. The designed circuit consists of an IF block including an IF PLL frequency synthesizer, an IF mixer, and a VGA and an RF block including a SSB RF mixer and a driver amplifier, and performs all transmit signal processing functions required between digital baseband and the power amplifier. The phase noise level of the designed IF PLL frequency synthesizer is -114dBc/Hz@100kHz and the lock time is less than $300{\mu}s$. It consumes 5.3mA from a 3V power supply. The conversion gain and OIP3 of the IF mixer block are 3.6dB and -11.3dBm. It consumes 5.3mA. The 3dB frequencies of the VGA are greater than 250MHz for all gain settings. The designed VGA consumes 10mA. The designed RF block exhibits a gain of 14.93dB and an OIP3 of 6.97dBm. The image and carrier suppressions are 35dBc and 31dBc, respectively. It consumes 63.4mA. The designed circuits are under fabrication using a $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The designed entire chip consumes 84mA from a 3V supply, and its area is $1.6㎜{\times}3.5㎜$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.209-221
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find a suitable cosolvent to $CS_2$ so that desorption efficiency can be improved for both polar and non-polar organic solvent mixtures collected on an activated charcoal tube. Cosolvents added to $CS_2$ include: DMF(N,N-dimethylformamide): $CS_2$ (v/v 1:99), DMF:$CS_2$(v/v 3:97), BC (butyl carbitol, 2-(2-butoxy ethoxy) ethanol):$CS_2$(v/v 1:99), and BC:$CS_2$(v/v 3:97)). The results obtained were as follows : 1. Comparing the desorption efficiency of $CS_2$ with those of $CS_2$ with 1, 3, 5 % DMF and 1, 3 % BC cosolvents for two different groups of charcoal tubes each containing 8 different polar and non-polar organic solvents with 3 different concentration levels, the desorption efficiencies of the cosolvent-added $CS_2$ increased significantly for all polar organic solvents regardless of concentration levels tested. For non-polar organic solvents, no noticeable improvement was detected except xylene and trichloroethylene. The desorption efficiency of xylene increased significantly while that of trichloroethylene increased significantly at the lowest concentration level tested. 2. Either 5 % DMF or 3 % BC was the most suitable cosolvent because the desorption efficiency for non-polar organic solvent mixtures was similar or slightly improved compared with that of $CS_2$, while those of for polar organic solvent mixtures were above 75 % except for cyclohexanone. 3. The smallest variations in desorption efficiency represented by the ratio calculated from the maximum to minimum desorption efficiency for all concentration levels tested were found when 3 % BC was used as a cosolvent. The above results indicate that the desorption efficiency of $CS_2$ particularly for polar organic solvent mixtures collected on a charcoal tube can be significantly improved by the use of cosolvents such as 5 % DMF or 3 % BC. A caution, however, is in order for selecting a cosolvent whenever the cosolvent itself is being used in the workplace or the impurities contained in the cosolvent may interfere with the analytical results. In addition, to improve desorption efficiencies for such organic solvents as cyclohexanone or ketones, it is recommended to use suitable collection and desorption media other than the traditional method of charcoal tube collection/$CS_2$ desorption.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.110-114
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• 2017

Using a small mobile wireless network as a supplement to the disaster safety network can be useful for eliminating small radio shadowing areas, reducing traffic overloads in disaster areas, and quickly building a disaster communication network in difficult access areas. Potable base station is needed to build a small mobile wireless network, and the portable base station using TVWS(TV White Space) is effective in terms of utilization of radio frequency resources and construction cost of wireless networks. In this paper, we design and implement a power amplifier for portable base station operating in TVWS. The implemented power amplifier operates at 470 ~ 698MHz. The gain of the implemented amplifier is more than 20.1dB, the input/output return loss is more than 11.4dB, and the isolation is more than 39.9dB when the output is off. The IMD characteristic of the power amplifier has characteristics of 61.0dBc with 18.8dBm output at 470MHz, 59.3dBc wih 18.6dBm output at 550MHz and 56.5dBc with 19.0dBm output at 690MHz. The power amplifier implemented in this paper can be used as a power amplifier for portable base station.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2017

Carbonaceous aerosols such as the equivalent black carbon (eBC), the elemental carbon (EC) and the organic carbon (OC) were monitored at the Seoul Olympic Park site ($37.521^{\circ}N$, $127.124^{\circ}E$) during the KORUS-AQ 2016 campaign using a Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) and an OCEC Analyzer. Averaged mass concentrations of eBC, EC and OC were presented as $2.46{\pm}1.52{\mu}g/m^3$, $1.01{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/m^3$ and $4.85{\pm}2.60{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. OC/EC ratio and mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of light absorbing aerosols were calculated as 2.32 and $14.8m^2/g$, respectively. Diesel OC concentrations were estimated from a source profile of diesel vehicles as well. eBC mass concentrations measured from May $26^{th}$ to May $27^{th}$, 2016 showed 40% higher than averaged eBC mass concentrations during campaign period. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations measured in this period were also higher than average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. High eBC concentrations were observed from May $29^{th}$ to May $31^{st}$, 2016 and from June $9^{th}$ to June $11^{th}$, 2016, possibly due to morning rush hour and the effect of temperature inversion at night. Diurnal variations of eBC, EC and Diesel OC showed a typical pattern of metropolitan area. In the weekend, however, diurnal variations of eBC, EC and Diesel OC mass concentrations were different from those measured in the weekday. It is expected that this study can help to understand the relationship between carbonaceous aerosols in a metropolitan area.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and migration of Endosequence Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer (BC Sealer) compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. Materials and Methods: BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, and AH Plus were placed in contact with culture medium to obtain sealers extracts in dilution 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. 3T3 cells were plated and exposed to the extracts. Cell viability and migration were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Scratch assay, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Results: The MTT assay revealed greater cytotoxicity for AH Plus and MTA Fillapex at 1:1 dilution when compared to control (p < 0.05). At 1:2 and 1:4 dilutions, all sealers were similar to control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than BC Sealer (p < 0.05). Scratch assay demonstrated the continuous closure of the wound according to time. At 30 hours, the control group presented closure of the wound (p < 0.05). At 36 hours, only BC Sealer presented the closure when compared to AH Plus and MTA Fillapex (p < 0.05). At 42 hours, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex showed a wound healing (p > 0.05). Conclusions: All tested sealers demonstrated cell viability highlighting BC Sealer, which showed increased cell migration capacity suggesting that this sealer may achieve better tissue repair when compared to other tested sealers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

The fire retardant bamboo charcoal (BC) boards were manufactured for interior building materials in this study, The BC boards were manufactured by mixing and pressing of the bamboo charcoal, expanded vermiculite, and inorganic binder. The combustion behaviors of the BC boards were investigated using a cone calorimeter at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/$m^2$. Three building materials (plywood, BC board of Japan, and gypsum board) were used to observe the burning behaviors of weight loss, total heat release rate, and maximum heat release rate. Surface test and toxicity evaluation of the BC board were also conducted. The weight loss of the BC board (12.0%) was lower than the nonflammable gypsum board (15.6%) after burning of 10 min. Total heat release of the BC was 3 MJ/$m^2$ (KS standard 8 MJ/$m^2$) and total heat release rate of the BC was 20 kW/$m^2$ (KS standard 200 kW/$m^2$). Therefore, the BC boards were adjustable for the third-grade flame retardant building materials. External appearance change and mouse toxicity were not found in the BC boards after the combustion test.