• 음성과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2004

This paper introduces a development of an electrical stimulator for auditory stimulation. The electrical stimulator is useful in neurotological diagnosis, audiological evaluation, candidate selection for cochlear implantation, optimal device selection and decision making of MAP strategy for severe-to-profound hearing impaired persons. The development was based on sound parameters of auditory brainstem responses and auditory electrophysiological characteristic such as effective firing of auditory nerve and recording evoked potentials during refractory period of neuron. Besides pulse parameter could adjustable by programming for more varied electrical stimulation evoked response audiometry. Using the electrical stimulator, electrical square pulse was applied to promontory, and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response and electrically middle latency response were successfully recorded in cats.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2005

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery induces the production and release of numerous chemotactic substances and cytokines, ensuing systemic inflammatory response that causes postoperative major organ dysfunctions. We performed a randomized, prospective study to investigate clinical effects of preoperative treated-methylprednisolone for preventing inflammation in pediatric cardiac surgery with CPB. Thirty pediatric patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomized to either control(n=15) or steroid group (n=15, 10 mg/kg of methylprednisolone). Arterial blood samples were taken before and after the operations for measuring total leukocyte (T-WBC) and differential counts, platelet counts, interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), neuron specific enolase (NSE), troponin-I (TNI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels. Postoperative parameters such as pulmonary index (PI, $PaO_2/FiO_2$), 24 hrs and total bleeding volumes, mechanical ventilating (MVP) and intensive care unit (ICU)-staying periods, and hospitalization were assessed. T-WBC, neutrophil fraction, IL-6, MPO, NSE, TNI, AST and creatinine levels, bleeding volumes, PI, and MVP at the postoperative periods were lower or shorter in steroid group than in control group (P<0.05). These findings indicated that preoperative administration of methylprednisolone attenuated CPB-induced inflammatory reactions, contributing to postoperative recovery of patients underwent cardiac surgery.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제4권1호통권4호
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• pp.99-114
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• 1998

The effect of herbal medicine on glutamate mediated neurotoxicity was studied in mouse neurons in primary culture. Immature cerebral cortex neurons (ED14) were maintained for up to 2 weeks in vitro, and we investigated the expression pattern of neuron differentiation and cytotoxicity of cell death, including LDH activity. Neuronal maturation initiated on day 7 and the susceptibility to glutamate-induced cell death was highly sensitive on Day 11 (Fig. 1). Thus, the exposure of the neurons to glutamate caused a dose$(0.1mM{\sim}1mM)$ and time$(4h{\sim}24h)$-dependent neurotoxicity(Fig. 4). Glutamate-induced neurodegeneration was prevented by Shipchondaebotang(SD), Yollyounggobondan(YG), Yugmijihwangwon(YJ) and the death of neurons exposed to glutamate was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (Fig. 5).

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1998

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I is a common severe autosomal recessive inherited neuromuscular disorder that has been mapped to chromosome 5q11.2-13.3. The survival motor neuron (SMN) gene, a candidate gene, is known to be deleted in 96% of patients with SMA type I. Presently, PCR and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analyses have been made possible for application to both archival slides and paraffin-embedded tissues. Archival materials represent valuable DNA resources for genetic diagnosis. We applied these methods for the identification of SMN gene of SMA type I in archival specimens for the prenatal diagnosis. In this study, we performed the prenatal diagnosis with chorionic villus sampling (CVS) cells on two women who had experienced neonatal death of SMA type I. DNA extraction was done from archival slide and tissue materials and PEP-PCR was performed using CVS cells. In order to identify common deletion region of SMN and neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes, cold PCR-SSCP and PCR-restriction site assay were carried out. Case 1 had deletions of the exons 7 and 8, and case 2 had exon 7 only on the telomeric SMN gene. Both cases were found to be normal on NAIP gene. These results were the same for both CVS and archival biopsied specimens. In both cases, the fetuses were, therefore, predicted to be at very high risk of being affected and the pregnancy were terminated. These data clearly demonstrate that archival slide and paraffin-embedded tissues can be a valuable source of DNA when the prenatal genetic diagnosis is needed in case any source for genetic analysis is not readily available due to previous death of the fetus or neonate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6533-6535
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new type of tumor biomarker, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), in serum for the early diagnosis, confirmative diagnosis as well as assessment of treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 130 patients with NSCLC and 50 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination in our hospital provided the observation and healthy control groups. An enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied to determine serum eEF2 levels. Serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) levels in the observation group were assessed with an automatic biochemical analyzer. Results: The median levels of eEF2 in the serum of NSCLC patients was found to be significantly higher than the healthy control group (p < 0.01) and it was markedly higher in stages III, IV than stages I, II (p < 0.05). eEF2 was higher with tumor size ${\geq}2$ cm than <2 cm (P< 0.01). Furthermore, two weeks after surgery patients showed a significant trend for eEF2 decrease (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) has certain clinical values for early diagnosis, verification, and prognosis as well as classification of lung cancer patients.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1526-1531
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• 2011

신경세포의 연접후 위치에서 단백질합성은 국소적 연접가소성의 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 연접후 위치에 eIF들이 존재하는지를 배양한 흰쥐해마신경세포의 면역세포화학적 염색과 immunoblot, 그리고 세제세척실험으로 알아보았다. 단백질해석 시작단계의 초기에 중요한 역할을 하는 eIF4E와 eIF4G, 개시코돈을 찾는 단계에서 중요한 eIF5, 외부자극에 의하여 합성을 시작하게 하는 eIF6, 그리고 불리한 환경에서 해석의 효율을 높여주는 eIF5A 들은 모두 해마신경세포의 연접후에 위치함을 배양한 해마신경세포를 다중초점형광현미경으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 Immunoblot 실험에서도 이들은 연접후치밀질(PSD) 분획에서 검출되었으며, 여러 가지 세제에 의하여 PSD로부터 잘 떨어지지 않는 것으로 보아 PSD와 강하게 결합하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 여러 가지 eIF들이 연접후에 위치하여 다양한 상황에서 단백질합성을 시작하게 할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1714-1728
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• 2016

This paper presents improved harmonics extraction based on Adaptive Linear Neuron (ADALINE) algorithm for single phase photovoltaic (PV) shunt active power filter (SAPF). The proposed algorithm, named later as Improved ADALINE, contributes to better performance by removing cosine factor and sum of element that are considered as unnecessary features inside the existing algorithm, known as Modified Widrow-Hoff (W-H) ADALINE. A new updating technique, named as Fundamental Active Current, is introduced to replace the role of the weight factor inside the previous updating technique. For evaluation and comparison purposes, both proposed and existing algorithms have been developed. The PV SAPF with both algorithms was simulated in MATLAB-Simulink respectively, with and without operation or connection of PV. For hardware implementation, laboratory prototype has been developed and the proposed algorithm was programmed in TMS320F28335 DSP board. Steady state operation and three critical dynamic operations, which involve change of nonlinear loads, off-on operation between PV and SAPF, and change of irradiances, were carried out for performance evaluation. From the results and analysis, the Improved ADALINE algorithm shows the best performances with low total harmonic distortion, fast response time and high source power reduction. It performs well in both steady state and dynamic operations as compared to the Modified W-H ADALINE algorithm.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 1999

목적 : 국소 진행된 비소세포성 폐암의 치료에 있어서 예후 인자를 분석하고, 유도 화학요법이 생존율 및 치료 실패양상에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1986년 1월부터 1996년 10월까지 국소 진행된 비소세포성 폐암으로 진단받고 근치적 목적으로 방사선치료 혹은 병합요법(유도 화학요법 및 방사선치료)을 받은 130명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 방사선치료 단독군이 85명, 병합요법군이 45명이었다. 연령, 성별, 전신 수행능력, 병리조직학적 유형, 그리고 병기 등은 양군에서 고르게 분포하였다. 방사선치료는 6 MV 혹은 10 MV 선형가속기를 사용하였고, 일일 선량 $1.8\~2.0$ Gy를 주 5회 조사하였다. 총 방사선량은 129명에서 59.6 Gy 이상($56\~66$ Gy, 중앙값 60 Gy) 조사되었다. 유도 화학요법은 $2\~5$회(중앙값 2회) 시행하였다. 사용된 약제는 CAP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Cisplatin)가 6명, MVP (Mitomycin, Vinblastine, Cisplatin)가 9명, MIC (Mitomycin, ifosfamide Cisplatin)이 13례, 그리고 EP (Etoposide, Cisplatin)가 17명에서 시행되었으며, 모든 요법이 Cis-platinum을 포함하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자의 생존율은 1, 2, 3 년 전체 생존율이 각각 41.5, 13.7, $7\%$였고, 중앙 생존기간은 11개월이었다. 치료 방법별 1, 2, 3 년 전체 생존율, 그리고 중앙 생존기간은, 방사선치료 단독군의 경우 각각 32.9, 10.5, $6\%$, 9개월이었으며, 병합요법군의 경우는 각각 57.8, 20, $7.6\%$, 14 개월이었다(p=0.0005). 최종 치료반응을 관찰할 수 있었던 126명 중 38명($30.2\%$)에서 완전관해를 보였고, 치료 방법별로 나누어 분석하였을 경우, 방사선치료 단독군에서 완전관해가 $25\%$ (21/84), 병합요법군의 경우는 $40.5\%$, (17/42)에서 완전관해를 보였다(p=0.09). 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자는 혈색소치(p=0.04), NSE (neuron-specific enolase)치(p=0.004), 그리고 최종 치료반응(p=0.004)등이었다. 치료 방법별로 나누어서 분석한 결과, 방사선치료 단독군의 경우는 WSE치(p=0.006)와 최종 치료반응(p=0.003), 병합요법군의 경우는 최종 치료반응(p=0.007)이 예후인자였다. 치료 실패양상은 추적 관찰이 가능했고 치료에 대한 반응을 알 수 있었던 120명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 양 군간에 특이한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, 치료에 완전관해를 보인 환자들을 대상으로 살펴보면 병합요법 군에서 원격전이가 감소하는 경향을 보였는데, 방사선치료 단독군은 19명중 11명에서, 병합요법군은 13명중 3명에서 원격전이가 발견되었다(p=0.07). 국소 실패는 완전관해를 보인 환자에서도 양 군에서 차이가 없었다(10/19 vs 6/13). 결론 : 국소 진행된 비소세포성 폐암의 경우 유도 화학요법을 시행함으로써, 방사선치료 단독보다 2년 생존율이 향상 되었고, 적어도 완전관해를 보인 경우는 원격전이가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나, 국소 실패양상 및 장기생존율에는 유도 화학요법이 도움이 되지 않았다. 따라서, 국소 제어율을 높이기 위한 다각적인 노력이 요구된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Voltage dependent calcium channel (VDCC), one of the most important regulator of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in neuron, play an essential role in the central processing of nociceptive information. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effects of L, T or N type VDCC blockers on the formalin-induced orofacial inflammatory pain. Experiments were carried out on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g. Anesthetized rats were individually fixed on a stereotaxic frame and a polyethylene (PE) tube was implanted for intracisternal injection. After 72 hours, 5% formalin ($50 \;{\mu}L$) was applied subcutaneously to the vibrissa pad and nociceptive scratching behavior was recorded for nine successive 5 min intervals. VDCC blockers were administered intracisternally 20 minutes prior to subcutaneous injection of formalin into the orofacial area. The intracisternal administration of 350 or $700{\mu}g$ of verapamil, a blocker of L type VDCC, significantly decreased the number of scratches and duration in the behavioral responses produced by formalin injection. Intracisternal administration of 75 or $150 \;{\mu}g$ of mibefradil, a T type VDCC blocker, or 11 or $22\; {\mu}g$ of cilnidipine, a N type VDCC blocker, also produced significant suppression of the number of scratches and duration of scratching in the first and second phase. Neither intracisternal administration of all VDCC blockers nor vehicle did not affect in motor dysfunction. The present results suggest that central VDCCs play an important role in orofacial nociceptive transmission and a targeted inhibition of the VDCCs is a potentially important treatment approach for inflammatory pain originating in the orofacial area.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.564-569
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) powder on lipofuscin, acetylcholine (ACh) and its related enzyme activities in brain of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats ($160{\pm}10g$) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups) added 200 and 400 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. In case of liver membranes, lipofuscin (LF) levels resulted in a slight decreases (4.6% and 11.5%, respectively) in SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group. But in case of barin as the most sensitive organ, LF levels were remarkably inhibited about 16.7% and 20.0% in SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group. There were no significant differences in acetylcholine (ACh) syntheses as a very important neurotransmitter, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities as a synthesis enzyme of ACh, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities as a hydrolysis enzyme, which were concerned in transmission of neuron through synapses in brain of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activities were significantly inhibited (about 10.2%) in brain of SWP-400 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that inhibiting effects of LF accumulation and MAO-B activity of silkworm powder (SWP) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes for improvement of brain function.