• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 1990

To investigate symbiotic relationship of 'Chunma (Gastrodia elata) and the rhizomorph of Armillaria mellea, volatile organic acids and alcoholic compounds which were considered to be contained in Gastrodia elata were tested to determine stimulatory effects on rhizomorph growth on a chemically defined medium. Also, volatile organic acids were isolated from Gastrodia elata and analyzed by gas chromatography. The growth of rhizomorph was stimulated by the presence of alcohols and volatile organic acids, but acetic acid and methanol were ineffective. In the presence of valeric acid and ethanol, Armillaria mellea produced abundant rhizomorph at concentrations of 0.1 and 1%, respectively. Ethanol and valeric acid supplemented at regular intervals of 3 days as lower concentrations in the medium stimulated the growth of Armillaria mellea. The concentrations of ethanol and valeric acid as low at 0.01% added 3 days intervals for 15 days were more effective than initial concentrations of 0.1 and 1% in stimulating rhizomorph development of Armillaria mellea. Eight kinds of volatile organic acids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. The major compounds were n-propionic, valeric, iso-carproic and caproic acids, and the minor compounds were iso-butyric, butyric, iso-valeric and hepatanoic acids. Valeric acid was the most abundant among them.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Objectives This study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Gastrodia elata extract (GEE) on the high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=10). Control group was fed normal diet (ND). Obesity group was fed 60% high fat diet (HFD). The other three groups were fed HFD with 100, 200, 500 mg/kg GEE. After five weeks, body weight, liver and epididymal fat weight, triglyceride concentration in liver and serum, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛾 (PPAR-𝛾), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein 𝛼 (C/EBP-𝛼) expression level, insulin concentration in serum were measured. Results The GEE (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg)-treated animals exhibited substantial decreases in body mass, liver weight and epididymal white adipose tissue collate to the HFD-fed group. GEE treatment also reduced hepatic and serum triglyceride level. Furthermore, GEE treatment significantly inhibited adipogenesis in the GEE group by reducing the protein expression of SREBP-1, ACC and the messenger RNA expression of PPAR𝛾, C/EBP-𝛼, which are adipocyte differentiation-related genes. Conclusions These research outcomes recommend that GEE is possibly valuable for the prevention of HFD-induced obesity via modification of various pathways related with adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1998

Somatic embryo induction, plant regeneration, and field establishment were investigated from tissue cultured winter buds of a 10-year-old tree Aralia elata. Embryogenic calli were obtained from cultures of winter buds on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. A number of somatic embryos were regenerated from the calli on an embryo induction medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA. Although abnormal somatic embryos were frequently observed, most of the embryos formed were morphologically normal. All somatic embryos at the later stage of maturity germinated successfully, but only 14% of them could be developed into plantlets on MS basal medium. The plants regenerated from the somatic embryos survived well in the field (survival rates : more than 95%) and have grown normally for three years after transplanting.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

Effective micropropagation system via somatic embryognesis was established for a Phytophthora resistant Aralia elata cultivar. Different kinds of growth regulators were needed to induce embryogenic callus with different explant sources. When leaf explants were used, a combination of 2,4-D, TDZ and L-glutamine was needed, whereas when petiole and root explants needed only 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus induction rate under the optimum culture condition was 75.0%, 67.0% and 83.0% from leaf, petiole and root segment, respectively. Somatic embryo germination and plantlet conversion rate appeared to be influenced greatly by various osmoticums. More than 90% of embryos germinated when treated with sucrose, glucose and maltose. However, the highest conversion rate (72%) was recorded on medium with 2% sucrose only. The converted plantlets grew normally on 1/2MS basal medium, were acclimatized on artificial soil mixture and survived more than 95% in the greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the species can be clonally propagated through in vitro culture system via somatic embryogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2000

It was investigated 91 families, 305 genera, 470 species, 1 subspecies, 30 varieties, 2 forma and total 503 taxa of herbal resources plants in Chollabuk-do area in this study. Among them 45 taxa belong to Compositae, 30 taxa belong to Rosaceae and 23 taxa belong to Leguminosae in order were occurred frequently. In general the herbal resources plants were distributed abundantly in Togyusan, Naejangsan, Changansan and Taedunsan area. Comparatively high frequent species was surveyed as follows: Schizandra chinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, C. simplex, Asarum sieboldii, Arisaema amurense var. serratum, Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina and Veratrum patulum etc. There was growing 30-50 individuals of Codonopsis lanceolata in 5m$\times$5m quadrat, 90 Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum plant in 1m$\times$1m and 100 Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum plant in 1m$\times$1m quadrat from Togyusan quantitatively. Rare and herbal worth species were observed to distribute such as Gastrodia elata in Naejangsan and Togyusan and Acanthopanax senticosus in Mandoksan, Chinan-gun, respectively. Cultivating species in the farm now and/or favorable species in the future will be recommended here, for example, Codonopsis pilosus, A. senticosus, G. elata, Rubus coreanus, C. lanceolata and Pleuropterus multiflorus.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2022

Objectives: Gastrodia elata (GE) has been used to treat cognition impairment, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GE water extracts (GEE) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AD model in mice. (Aβ). Methods: We classified six groups as follow; group 1: control (CON), group 2: LPS (0.5 mg/kg/day, four times), group 3: 4 mg/kg donepezil (DP), group 4: 100 mg/kg GEE+LPS, group 5: 200 mg/kg GEE+LPS, group 6: 500 mg/kg GEE+LPS. Results: We found that GEE has an effect that inhibits decrease of discrimination index in object recognition test, as well as spontaneous alteration in the Y-maze test by LPS. Treatment with LPS increased amlyloid-β (Aβ) concentration, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cerebral cortex of mice. However, GEE significantly protected against LPS-induced Aβ and BDNF changes. Our findings also showed that the inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] mRNA and protein were up-regulated by the LPS injection. But GEE significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines increase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: This study suggests that the GEE may be an effective AD therapeutic agent, in treating neurodegenerative diseases including AD.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

Armillaria spp are well known as a symbiotic fungus with Gastrodia elata. This study was carried out to identify and analyze the genetic relationships among 83 strains of Armillaria spp.. The amplified internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of the rDNA was about 500~750 bp long and identified by 9 strains; A. mellea, A. tabescens, A. ostoyae, A. gallica, A. novae-zenlandia, A. cepistipes, A. nabsnona, A. gemina, A. sinapina. Sequence analysis showed that 52% of strains were different with original identification. A. gallica, A. cepistipes and A. gemina were so close phylogenetic relationship, that was difficult to classify using ITS region. In A. gallica, 12 strains including ASI10104 were showed a close phylogenetic relationship with A. gallica, A. cepistipes and A. gemina. ASI10017 and ASI10114 were classified as the A. sinapina group, ASI10045 was the A. borealis group, ASI10002 and ASI10025 were the A. ostoyae group. So more studies need for more accurate identification and determine the phylogenetic relationships of Armillaria spp.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 1990

Total cholesterol level in mice with hypercholesterolemia was determined after intraperitoneal administration of the methanolic extract of some medicinal plants. From the data obtained, it was suggested that the methanolic extract of Elaeagnus crispa, Ixeris dentata, Prunus davidiana, Eriobotrya japonice, Aralia elata and Phragmites communis produced a significant hypocholesterotemic effect. In the case of the extract of Saussurea diamantiaca, on the other band, the total cholesterol level was markedly increased. The methanolic extract of Ixeris dentata, Prunus davidiana and Phragmites communes also decreased the level of blood glucose in alloxan-diabetic male albino mice while that of Eriobotrya japonica, Allium tuberosum, Houttuynia cordata and Eucommia japonica did not produce this effect.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1986

As a continuation of the previous work, a second group of sixty solvent fractions prepared from twenty plant species were screened for their inhibitory effects on adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-, arachidonic acid (AA)- or collagen-induced rat platelet aggregation. The results suggested that five plant species including Angelica koreana, Cassia obtusifolia, Gastrodia elata, Paeonia lactiflora and Salvia miltiorrhiza are potential sources of inhibitors of platelet aggregation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 2001

Gastrodia elata blume (GEB) is considered to be a useful herbal medicine in oriental countries for the treatment of headache, migraine, dizziness, childhood convulsion, epilepsy, rheumatism, hypertension, neuralgia and neurological disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the quality of bread added with the powder of GEB. The possibility of GEB wheat flour mixture as bread was studied by adding 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% of GEB powder to wheat flour. In Farinograph data, the dough stability decreased with the increase of GEB powder. Granular size of starches ranged from $36\;{\mu}m\;to\;60{\mu}m$, and the shape of them showed a long oval figure. Amylograph showed that the increase in the ratio of GEB on the doughs slightly elevated in the maximum viscosity. The loaf volume of 0.5% powder increased by 10.2% but that of 2.0% decreased by 16.8%. The moisture content was 43.57% in the control but it increased as the powder addition. The colors of crust and crumb were not significantly different among L, b and ${\Delta}E$, but 'a' value in crumb was increased as the powder addition. The addition of the powder had no significant effect on bread texture. In sensory evaluation, the moistness increased as the increase of the powder addition. The control bread was most excellent, and the bread made by mixing additives were better than just 0.5% GEB-wheat flour in terms of quality.