• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2004

Precambrian metamorphic rocks of Yeongyang-Uljin area, which is located in the eastern part of Sobaegsan Massif, Korea, are composed of Pyeonghae, Giseong, Wonnam Formations and Hada leuco granite gneisses. These show a zonal distribution of WNW-ESE trend, and are intruded by Mesozoic igneous rocks and are unconformably overlain by Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. This study clarifies the deformation history of Precambrian metamorphic rocks after the formation of gneissosity or schistosity on the basis of the geometric and kinematic features and the forming sequence of multi-deformed rock structures, and suggests that the geological structures of this area experienced at least four phases of deformation i.e. ductile shear deformation, one deformation before that, at least two deformations after that. (1) The first phase of deformation formed regional foliations and WNW-trending isoclinal folds with subhorizontal axes and steep axial planes dipping to the north. (2) The second phase of deformation occurred by dextral ductile shear deformation of top-to-the east movement, forming stretching lineations of E-W trend, S-C mylonitic structure foliations, and Z-shaped asymmetric folds. (3) The third phase deformation formed I-W trending open- or kink-type recumbent folds with subhorizontal axes and gently dipping axial planes. (4) The fourth phase deformation took place under compression of NNW-SSE direction, forming ENE-WSW trending symmetric open upright folds and asymmetric conjugate kink folds with subhorizontal axes, and conjugate faults thrusting to the both NNW and SSE with drag folds related to it. These four phases of deformation are closely connected with the orientation of regional foliation in the Yeongyang-Uljin area. 1st deformation produced regional foliation striking WNW and steeply dipping to the north, 2nd deformation locally change the strike of regional foliation into N-S direction, and 3rd and 4th deformations locally change dip-angle and dip-direction of regional foliation.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2015

Thanks to recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, diverse livestock species have been dissected at the genome-wide sequence level. As for cattle, there are currently four Korean indigenous breeds registered with the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju Heugu. These native genetic resources were recently whole-genome resequenced using various NGS technologies, providing enormous single nucleotide polymorphism information across the genomes. The NGS application further provided biological such that Korean native cattle are genetically distant from some cattle breeds of European origins. In addition, the NGS technology was successfully applied to detect structural variations, particularly copy number variations that were usually difficult to identify at the genome-wide level with reasonable accuracy. Despite the success, those recent studies also showed an inherent limitation in sequencing only a representative individual of each breed. To elucidate the biological implications of the sequenced data, further confirmatory studies should be followed by sequencing or validating the population of each breed. Because NGS sequencing prices have consistently dropped, various population genomic theories can now be applied to the sequencing data obtained from the population of each breed of interest. There are still few such population studies available for the Korean native cattle breeds, but this situation will soon be improved with the recent initiative for NGS sequencing of diverse native livestock resources, including the Korean native cattle breeds.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.863-870
• /
• 1996

The 46 patients were investigated with the congenital infant muscular torticollis referred Dept. of physical therapy in Dong San Medical Center from January in 1995 to January in 1996. 1. The ratio between males and females was scaled to 1.5 : 1.23 cases(50.0 %) were involved with left side and 22 cases(47.8 %) involved with right side, and one case was of bilaterality. 2. Sequence of birth, the first bone babys were the most distributed with 34cases(73.9 %), the second bone babys were followed with 11cases(23.9 %). 3. There were normal deliveries 60.8 %, Cearean section deliveries 23.9 %, difficulty deliveries .0 % and breech presentation was 2.2 %. 4. The case of cephalic asymmetry consisted 60.0 % of all congenital torticollis and most frequently found at the age of all $5\sim8$ weeks(45.7 %). In 26.1 % of all congenital torticollis cases, facial asymmetry was found and these cases were most frequently in the age of $5\sim8$ weeks(26.1 %), also in the age group of $9\sim12$ weeks and $17\sim20$ weeks consecutively(each 3 %).(P<0.05) 5. The duration of therapy required differently according to the severity of the torticollis, in mild cases, it took $1\sim2$ weeks cases(30.4 %) revealed high therapeutic effect in 54.3 % of the cases. In moderately involved cases(30.4 %), therapy required $3\sim4$ weeks in 13 % of the cases showed improvements. In the most severely involved cases, (7 %) it took more than $9\sim10$ weeks of therapy and showed improvement in 6.5 % only.(P<0.005) 6. The result of this study showed the best therapeutic effects were noticed in the mild cases of congenital torticollis(24 cases 45.6 %) and excellent improvement in moderately involved cases (28.1 %) and 13.1 % of the most severely involved cases(P<0.05).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.245-255
• /
• 2018

The research was aimed to analyze the functional constituents (GABA and isoflavone), radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl) scavenging activities and enzyme (${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and lipase) inhibitory effects of soypowder milk (SPM) and fermented soy-powder milk (FSPM) with varied Lactobacillus brevis. Ten ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) producing lactic acid bacteria that showed 96-99% similarity with L. brevis, according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, were isolated from fermented kimchi. The conversion rates of GABA were obtained 66.96-93.51, 63.76-84.58, and 57.05-69.75% in monosodium glutamate, gluten and soy protein, respectively. The levels of pH and glutamic acid of FSPM were found lower than those of SPM, but the acidity and GABA contents were higher. The GABA conversion rate of FSPM with BMK484 strain was attained the highest 69.97%. The contents of isoflavone glycoside ($1290.93{\mu}g/g$) was higher in SPM, but the content of isoflavone aglycone ($287.27-501.9{\mu}g/g$) was higher in FSPM. The levels of isoflavone aglycone such as daidzein, glycitein and genistein, were found as the highest 240.2, 61.24 and $200.45{\mu}g/g$, respectively, when FSPM was made with BMK484 strain. The DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of FSPM made with BMK484 strain were the relatively higher 60.31, 88.10, 61.25, 52.71, and 39.37%, respectively. Therefore, the L. brevis can be used as a material capable of simultaneously enhanced GABA and isoflavone aglycone in FSPM.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2012

Steel Plate for Rebar Connection was recently developed to splice rebars in delayed slab-wall joints in high-rise building, slurry wall-slab joints, temporary openings, etc. It consists of several couplers and a thin steel plate with shear key. Cyclic loading tests on slab-wall joints were conducted to verify structural behavior of the joints having Steel Plate for Rebar Connection. For comparison, joints with Rebend Connection and without splices were also tested. The joints with Steel Plate for Rebar Connection showed typical flexural behavior in the sequence of tension re-bar yielding, sufficient flexural deformation, crushing of compression concrete, and compression rebar buckling. However, the joints with Rebend Connection had more bond cracks in slabs faces and spalling in side cover-concrete, even though elastic behavior of the joints was similar to that of the joints with Steel Plate for Re-bar Connection. Consequently, the joints with Rebend Connection had less strengths and deformation capacities than the joints with Steel Plate for Re-bar Connection. In addition, stiffness of the joints with Rebend Connection degraded more rapidly than the other joints as cyclic loads were applied. This may be caused by low elastic modulus of re-straightened rebars and restraightening of kinked bar. For two types of diameters (13mm and 16mm) and two types of grades (SD300 and SD400) of rebars, the joints with Steel Plate for Rebar Connection had higher strength than nominal strength calculated from actual material properties. On the contrary, strengths of the joints with Rebend Connection decreased as bar diameter increased and as grade becames higher. Therefore, Rebend Connection should be used with caution in design and construction.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.439-443
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the parental consultation. Also, it was to investigate the tendency divided into different subjects. The subjects were 2142 questions on korean academy of pediatric dentistry homepage. The questions were categorized into 7 subjects, 37 subdivided subjects and children age. The results were as follows: 1. Age group was divided into $0{\sim}6months$, $7{\sim}12months$, $13{\sim}24months$, $25{\sim}36months$, $3{\sim}6years$, $7{\sim}12years$ 12years and over 13 years. $13{\sim}24months$ and $3{\sim}6years$ age group had the largest number of questions. 2. The subject were growth & development, development disturbance & oral disease, behavior management, operative & endodontic treatment, dentition & occlusal guidance, traumatic injury & surgery and etc. Development disturbance & oral disease had the largest number of questions. 3. In subdivided subjects, operative & endodontic treatment showed the most, followed by development & eruption of teeth, traumatic injury, cross-bite, tooth brushing methods in sequence. 4. In age group within subdivided subjects, the most frequent question was neonatal & natal tooth in $0{\sim}6months$, development & eruption of teeth in $7{\sim}12months$, $13{\sim}24months$, operative & endodontic treatment in $25{\sim}36months$, $3{\sim}6years$, time & method of orthodontics in $7{\sim}12years$ and operative & endodontic treatment in over 13years. 5. The questions about cross-bite, traumatic injury and soft tissue disease were distributed evenly in age group.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 1998

Purpose : To assess the clinical utility of turbo contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography(CE MRA) in the evaluation of the aortic arch and its major branches and to compare the image quality of CE MRA among different coils used. Materials and Methods : Turbo three-phase dynamic CE MRA encompassing aortic arch and its major branches was prospectively performed after manual bolus IV injection of contrast material in 29 patients with suspected cerebrovascular diseases at 1.0T MR unit. the raw data were obtained with 3-D FISH sequence (TR 5.4ms, TE 2.3ms, flip angle 30, slab thickness 80nm, effective slice thickness 4.0mm, matrix size $100{\times}256$, FOV 280mm). Total data acquisition time was 4. to 60 seconds. We subjectively evaluated the imge quality with three-rating scheme : "good" for unequivocal normal finding, "fair" for relatively satisfactory quality to diagnose 'normal' despite intravascular low signal, and "poor" for equivocal diagnosis or non-visualization of the origin or segment of the vessels due to low signal or artifacts which needs catheter angiography. At the level of the carotid bifurcation, it was compared with conventional 2D-TOF MRA image. Overall image quality was also compared visually and quantitatively by measuring signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the ascending aorta, the innominate artery and both common carotid arteries among the three different coils used(CP body array(n=12), CP neck array(n=9), and head-and-neck(n=8). Results : Demonstration of the aortic arch and its major branches was rated as "good" in 55% (16/29) and "fair" in 34%(10/29). At the level of the carotid bifurcation, image quality of turbo CE MRA was same as or better than conventional 2D-TOF MRA in 65% (17/26). Overall image quality and SNR were significantlygreater with CP body array coil than with CP neck array or head-and-neck coil. Conclusions : Turbo CE MRA can be used as a screening exam in the evaluation of the major branches of the aortic arch from their origin to the skull base. Overall imagequality appears to be better with CP body array coil than with CP neck array coil or head-and-neck coil.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.332-341
• /
• 2014

This study was aimed to define the predicting factor account for the Korean Dental Hygienist Licensing Examination (KDHLE) by analyzing the academic grade score and the KDHLE score. The subjects included 185 graduates (2007, 2009, 2011~2014 graduates). The ratio of successful applicants of the subjects was 99.2%. The academic grade scores were calculated to grade point average, the KDHLE was scoring marks out of 300 (200 of written examination score and 100 of performance evaluation score) for correlation and regression analysis. The graduation grades and comprehensive examination scores correlated significantly with the KDHLE written examination scores (correlation coefficient=0.612), and KDHLE total score (correlation coefficient=0.258). First~third grade score and comprehensive examination scores correlated significantly with KDHLE total scores (p<0.05). Especially, there are the highest correlated between second comprehensive examination scores and KDHLE total scores (correlation coefficient=0.455), the last score in time sequence is the important factors account for the KDHLE total score. But there is no correlation between academic grade score and KDHLE performance evaluation scores, therefore it is necessary to study for determine the reason. The results of multiple linear regression analysis, second grade score and the average score of comprehensive examination were the main predicting factors account for the KDHLE total score, the explanatory power was 31.6%. Our results show that KDHLE total and written examination scores are predicted by the academic grade score reliably, but not the KDHLE performance evaluation scores. Further studies are needed to determine relationship between dental hygiene education and KDHLE.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.289-292
• /
• 2008

Trisodium phosphate 12 hydrate and citric acid monohydrate mixture showed the strong anti-sticking effect on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius, which are adhered to glass beads. Each Streptococcus species was shaking-cultured in brain heart infusion broth containing three glass beads. After 18 hr, glass beads were slightly washed into normal saline by three-pin-pointed pincette. Each three glass-beads set was put into reagent -containing tubes, which have 40 mg of bits of weighing paper for gaining brushing effect as similar as brushing one's teeth. The tubes were shaken by vortex mixer for 10 min except non-oral microbe, Streptococcus agalactiae (5 min). The samples were colony-counted by serial agar dilution method. Experiment was repeated three times for each Streptococcus species. The relative ratios of bacterial de-adherence by reagents were calculated in comparison with normal saline control. The de-adherence degree of citric acid-trisodium phosphate-saline mixture (CTS, pH 6.0) against Streptococcus mutans came to an average of 12.5 times compared with normal saline control. Trisodium-saline (TS, pH 8.4) showed the average of 7.5 times, and citric acid-saline (CS, pH 4.6) showed 6.0 times compared to the control group. The bacterial de-adherence degree against Streptococcus salivarius was each 7.2,2.6 and 2.8 times in above reagent sequence in comparison with saline control. CTS and TS showed 2.4 and 3.4 times of anti-sticking effect on Streptococcus mitis respectively, but CS had no anti-sticking effect on this bacterium. CTS, TS and CS showed 0.7, 0.6, and 0.6 times on non-oral microbe, Streptococcus agalactiae, separately compared with saline control. These results show that oral Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus mitis, which are causative of dental caries or subacute endocarditis, may be easily removed from oral cavity by CTS mixture. It is conceivable that our experimental results will enable the development of a new conceptive toothpaste to prevent dental caries or subacute endocarditis after drawing teeth.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2019

The western Gyeonggi Massif, where records evidence of Phanerozoic subduction/collision tectonics, is an important area to understand the crustal evolutionary history of the Korean Peninsula. This study presents geometric and kinematic characteristics of the geological structures of the Taean Formation in the Gomseom area, southwestern Gyeonggi Massif. We interpreted the geometric relationships between structural elements, and conducted stereographic and down-plunge projections for structural domains. As a result, at least three different deformational events ($D_1$, $D_2$ and $D_3$) are recognized in the study area. In the first deformational event ($D_1$), regional foliations being well defined by the preferred orientation of muscovite and biotite were formed. In the second deformational event ($D_2$), NNE-trending low-angle contractional faults and related crenulation lineations/cleavages were formed. The crenulation lineations shallowly plunge toward SSW~SSE or NNW~NNE. In the third deformational event ($D_3$), SE-plunging folds and NE-trending high-angle faults were formed as 'fault-related fold' and 'fold-accommodation fault', indicating that the $D_3$ folds and faults are genetically linked to each other. This contribution provides important insights into the structural evolution of the Taean Formation along western Gyeonggi Massif, where had evolved as subduction/collisional orogenic belts in the East Asia.