• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2011

Abdominal muscle plays a crucial role in postural control and respiration control. However, thickness of abdominal muscle in the paretic side of a hemiplegic patient has not been reported in previous studies. The purpose of this research was to compare lateral abdominal muscle thickness between the nonparetic and paretic side in patients with chronic stroke using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. Twenty two patients with chronic stroke participated in this study. Absolute thickness of transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO) and external oblique (EO) was measured at the end of inspiration and expiration during quiet breathing, and relative thickness was calculated (thickness of each muscle as a percentage of total muscle thickness). Ultrasound imaging was recorded three times and the average value was determined for statistical analysis. Differences in absolute and relative lateral abdominal muscle thickness between the nonparetic and paretic side were assessed with paired t-tests. Absolute muscle thickness of the paretic side TrA was thinner than that of the nonparetic side at the end of inspiration and expiration during quiet breathing. Relative muscle thickness of the paretic side TrA was thinner than the paretic side only at the end of expiration during quiet breathing (p>.05). Therefore, it is necessary to strength TrA in patients with chronic stroke during physical therapy intervention. Further study is needed whether physical therapy intervension will induce TrA thickness in patients with chronic stroke in prospective study design.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제30권4C호
• /
• pp.230-238
• /
• 2005

직교 주파수 분할 다중 접속(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: OFDM) 시스템은 여러 부 반송파를 사용해 정보를 전송하기 때문에 각 부 반송파가 동위상으로 겹치면 최고 대 평균 전력 비율이 (peak-to-average power ratio: PAR) 커진다. 이 논문에서는 최고 줄임 톤을 (peak reduction tone: PRT) 사용한 PAR 감소 기법 가운데 하나로 부분 톤 선택 사상 (selective mapping of partial tones: SMOPT) 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 SMOPT 기법은 반복 수렴 알고리즘을 사용한 기존의 톤 예약 (tone reservation: TR) 기법보다 적은 복잡도로 구현이 가능하고, 최고 감소 부 반송파 위치에 덜 민감하다. 또한 병렬 구성이 가능하여 알고리즘 수행 시간을 단축 할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 이를 검증하기 위해 두 가지 사례에 대한 모의실험 환경을 구성하고, 이에 따른 복잡도와 첨두 감소 부 반송파 위치, 그리고 송신 전력에 따른 PAR 감소 성능과 비트 오류율 (bit error rate: BER) 성능을 비교 분석한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.309-310
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose a novel D-ATR (Differential-Average Transmitted Reference) scheme for UWB (Ultra Wide Band) based on impulse radio. The proposed scheme utilizing differential coding at transceiver, does not cause half loss of data rate unlike the conventional TR (Transmitted Reference) and ATR (Average TR) systems which transmit additional reference signals. In addition, the proposed scheme may provide improved BER (Bit Error Rate) performance by averaging the received reference signals like the conventional ATR. The proposed D-ATR receiver produces the averaged reference template by considering both the detected data bit and the differential coding rule.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 2013

This study was performed on 26 disabled adolescent participants (16 male, 10 female) with the objective of testing changes in equilibrium after engagement in horseback riding. Participants of total 26 persons were divided into three groups as follows: 6 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), 14 children with Intellectual Disability (ID) and 6 children with Autism (AT). Participants engaged in therapeutic horseback riding (TR) two times per week for 30 minutes per session. The 26 participants demonstrated a considerable increase in equilibrium ability, with an average increase in equilibrium time of $44.22{\pm}50.70$ sec after TR. Equilibrium also increased according to disability group: CP (P < 0.05), ID (P < 0.001), and AT (P < 0.05). TR should be considered as a possible method for improving functionality in the physically disabled. This data may also be usefully applied to the development of a horseback riding program for the improvement of equilibrium in the disabled.

• 정보관리학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.277-294
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 실재 시스템 환경에서 문헌 분류를 위해 범주화 기법을 적용할 경우, 범주화 성능이 어느 정도이며, 적정한 문헌범주화 성능의 달성을 위하여 분류기 학습에 필요한 범주당 가장 이상적인 학습문헌집합의 규모는 무엇인가를 파악하기 위하여 kNN 분류기를 사용하여 실험하였다. 실험문헌집단으로15만 여건의 실제 서비스되는 데이터베이스에서 2,556건 이상의 문헌을 가진 8개 범주를 선정하였다. 이들을 대상으로 범주당 학습문헌수 20개(Tr-20)에서 2,000개(Tr-2000)까지 단계별로 증가시키며 8개 학습문헌집합 규모를 갖도록 하위문헌집단을 구성한 후, 학습문헌집합 규모에 따른 하위문헌집단 간 범주화 성능을 비교하였다. 8개 하위문헌집단의 거시평균 성능은 $F_1$ 값 30%로 선행연구에서 발견된 kNN 분류기의 일반적인 성능에 미치지 못하는 낮은 성능을 보였다. 실험을 수행한 8개 대상문헌집단 중 학습문헌수가 100개인 Tr-100 문헌집단이 $F_1$값 31%로 비용대 효과면에서 분류기 학습에 필요한 최적정의 실험문헌집합수로 판단되었다. 또한, 실험문헌집단에 부여된 주제범주 정확도를 수작업 재분류를 통하여 확인한 후, 이들의 범주별 범주화 성능과 관련성을 기반으로 위 결론의 신빙성을 높였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.203-218
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparisons of the kinematical variables when performing Yoko Ukemi(side breakfall) by three Stage in Judo. The subjects were four male judokas who were trainees Y. I. University Squad members and the Yoko Ukemi were filmed by two S-VHS 16mm video cameras(60fields/sec.). The selected times were subject to KWON 3D analysis program and kinematical analysis to compare variables of three Yoko Ukemi. Temporal variables(total time-required : TK, TR by each phase), the body part touched order on the mat and COG variables were computed through video analysis while performing right Yoko Ukemi by three stage. From the data analysis and discussion, the following conclusions were drawn : 1. Temporal variables : total time-required(TR) when performing Yoko Ukemi(side breakfall) by each stage, the first stage(full squat posture: FP : 1.11sec.) showed the shortest time, the next was 3rd(Shizenhontai, straight natural posture: NP : 1.41sec.), and 2nd(Jigohontai, straight defensive posture, DP : 1.42sec.), respectively- 2. TR when performing Yoko Ukemi(side breakfall) by each stage, and phase : the first phase(take of phase, average 0.68sec.) showed the longest time, next was the third phase(ukemi phase, 0.39sec.), and the second phase(air phase, 0.23sec.), respectively. 3. When performing yore Ukemi the body part touched order and TR on the mat : hip(0.94sec.) showed the shortest time, the next was elbow hand(0.97sec.), back(0.98sec.), and shoulder(1.04sec.) order. The hip part touched on the mat the first, but slap the mat in order to alleviate the shock try hand palm and forearm before receiving impact (difference 0.03sec,) 4. Vertical COG variables in each event by each stage : e1(ready position, average 78.33cm) moved the highest, the next was e2(jumping position, 70.14cm), e3(transition position, average 64.00cm), e4(landing position, average 35.99cm), and e5(ukemi position, average 18.32cm) order, gradual decrease respectively. And the difference of COG were showed in initial by each stage, because position fo Yoko Ukemi was difference by each stage in preparation position, but in accordance with executing of Ukemi phase that difference of COG was by decreasing, almost equal displacement in e4(landing) and e5(Ukemi)position finally.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.308-313
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 자기공명영상장치의 특성변수인 숙임각(flip angle), 반복시간(repetition time, TR), 에코시간(echo time, TE)을 사용하여 전자파흡수율(specific absorption rate, SAR)을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 체중 10 kg부터 90 kg까지를 대상으로 하여 동일한 검사기법을 적용하였고, 매개변수의 변화에 따른 평균 SAR 및 peak SAR 값을 측정하였다. 체중에 따른 SAR는 TE에서 변화는 없지만 숙임각이 커지고 TR이 짧을수록 증가하였다. SAR 값은 두부 허용 기준치 범위에 포함이 되었고 분절별 체중에 따른 영상의 신호 대 잡음비(signal to noise ratio, SNR)는 체중이 증가함에 따라 SNR은 증가하지는 않았다. 본 결과를 바탕으로 적절한 특성변수를 사용하여 다양한 대조도와 SNR을 얻어 진단의 가치를 높일 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.871-894
• /
• 1997

For a lifted nontrivial additive character $\lambda'$ and a multiplicative character $\chi$ of the finite field with $q^2$ elements, the 'Gauss' sums $\Sigma\lambda'$(tr $\omega$) over $\omega$ $\in$ SU(2n + 1, $q^2$) and $\Sigma\chi$(det $\omega$)$\lambda'$(tr $\omega$) over $\omega$ $\in$ U(2n + 1, $q^2$) are considered. We show that the first sum is a polynomial in q with coefficients involving certain new exponential sums and that the second one is a polynomial in q with coefficients involving powers of the usual twisted Kloosterman sums and the average (over all multiplicative characters of order dividing q-1) of the usual Gauss sums. As a consequence we can determine certain 'generalized Kloosterman sum over nonsingular Hermitian matrices' which were previously determined by J. H. Hodges only in the case that one of the two arguments is zero.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to broaden our understanding of the predisposing factor and treatment of dislocation by analyzing and evaluating the morphology of the articular eminence (AE) in subjects with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: dislocation (31 subjects) and control (32 subjects). CBCT was used to examine 126 TMJs in 63 subjects (26 males, 37 females). The height, width, and posterior slope of the AE were measured in the parasagittal plane. The posterior slope was measured using the "top-roof line angle (TR angle)" method and the "best-fit line angle (BF angle)" method. The AE on the left side (AEL) and the AE on the right side (AER) of the subjects in the dislocation group were separately analyzed and compared with the control group after taking measurements. The average value of both sides was used when comparing with subjects with bilateral dislocation. Results: Dislocations were more frequent in females (67.7%) than in males (32.3%). The dislocation group showed a gentler TR angle than the control group in the AER and in the average of AE on the both sides (AEB). The same group also showed a wider AE in the AEL and the AER (p<0.05). In subjects with unilateral dislocation, the width of the AE with dislocation was narrower and the TR angle and BF angle was steeper than the other side without dislocation (p<0.05). Conclusions: In subjects with unilateral TMJ dislocation, the posterior slope of the AE is steeper, and the width is narrower at the site of dislocation compared to the site without dislocation. However, in subjects with bilateral TMJ dislocation, AEB were wider, and the mean value of the posterior slope of AEB was gentler than that of the control group.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 2023

Objective: Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging is a safe and noninvasive technique for evaluating muscle thickness. A dual probe-fixing frame (DPF) can provide visual feedback during exercises targeting specific muscles. The purpose of this research was to verify the reliability and validity of the DPF for dual-probe ultrasound (DPU)-based visual feedback exercises, allowing users to use both hands freely. Design: This cross-sectional study used repeated measures to compare muscle thickness measurements obtained using the handheld device and DPF with DPU. Methods: Twenty healthy adults participated in the study. Measurements were taken over two sessions, with a two-day interval between the sessions. The thicknesses of the rectus abdominis (RA) and transverse abdominis (TrA) muscles were measured using DPU. The DPF with DPU developed by the research team, was used along with a laptop-based muscle viewer. Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) calculations were used in statistical analyses to evaluate agreement and reliability, respectively. Results: The results of the Bland-Altman analysis showed small average differences between the handheld and DPF methods for both RA and TrA muscle thicknesses. Inter-rater reliability analysis showed high ICC values for DPF measurements of both RA (0.908-0.912) and TrA (0.892-741) muscle thicknesses. Intra-rater reliability analysis also showed good ICC values for measurements taken by a single examiner over two days. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the DPF provides reliable and valid measurements of muscle thickness during visual feedback exercises using the DPU.